27-612: Major General Sir John Jeremy Moore , KCB , OBE , MC & Bar (5 July 1928 – 15 September 2007) was a British senior Royal Marine officer who served as the commander of the British land forces during the Falklands War in 1982. Moore received the surrender of the Argentine forces on the islands. Moore came from a military family. His father, Lieutenant Colonel Charles Moore, and paternal grandfather, who joined
54-575: A liver transplant . He was Colonel Commandant of the Royal Marines from 1990 to 1993, and joined the parade to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the Falklands War at Horse Guards Parade and the Mall on 17 June 2007. Moore married his wife, Veryan, in 1966. They had two daughters and a son. In later years, he suffered from arthritis and prostate cancer . Moore died on 15 September 2007, aged 79, and
81-531: A King's crown. The RAF replaced the rank of major-general with the rank of air vice-marshal on 1 August 1919. Despite the short duration, the significance of the RAF to modern warfare was indicated by the number of senior officers who did hold the rank of major-general in the RAF: Royal College of Defence Studies The Royal College of Defence Studies ( RCDS ) instructs the most promising senior officers of
108-731: A pitched battle with communist insurgents in the Malayan jungle. After attending the Australian Army Staff College from 1963 to 1964, Moore served with the 17th Gurkha Division in Borneo in 1965, countering Indonesian insurgents, and was Assistant Secretary to the Chiefs of Staff Committee at the Ministry of Defence from 1966 to 1968. He served as amphibious operations officer on HMS Bulwark in 1968 to 1969. Moore served as Housemaster of
135-598: The British Armed Forces , His Majesty's Diplomatic Service and Civil Service in national defence and international security matters at the highest level, to prepare them for the top posts in their respective services. It forms part of the Defence Academy of the United Kingdom , and is its most senior and prestigious component. In addition, there are many overseas attendees, from countries who are close allies of
162-598: The Corps of Infantry , were major generals. Other, administrative, commands were also appointments for a major general. In addition, the senior officer of the Royal Army Chaplains' Department , the Chaplain-General , is accorded "the relative precedence" – the respect, courtesies and insignia, rather than the full powers and authority – of the rank of major general. The office of Commandant General Royal Marines (CGRM),
189-586: The Order of the Bath , over a crossed sword and baton. In terms of orthography, compound ranks were invariably hyphenated prior to about 1980. Nowadays the rank is almost equally invariably non-hyphenated. When written as a title, especially before a person's name, both words of the rank are always capitalised, whether using the "traditional" hyphenated style or the modern un-hyphenated style. When used as common nouns, they might be written in lower-case: "Major General Montgomery
216-762: The Royal Marines in 1947, intending to transfer, and enjoyed Royal Marine service so much that he spent the next 36 years in the Corps. After basic training, and service at sea in the cruiser HMS Sirius , he joined X Troop of 40 Commando in Malaya in November 1950, during the Malayan Emergency . He first received a major military accolade in 1952 when he was awarded the Military Cross for gallantry after he and his men fought
243-675: The Royal Marines School of Music in Deal, Kent in 1954, as an instructor at the NCO's School, as adjutant with 45 Commando from 1957 to 1959, spending much time in operations against EOKA in Cyprus, and then as an instructor at the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst until 1962. He was posted to Brunei to join 42 Commando , as a company commander and later adjutant. While a company commander, he
270-785: The United Kingdom . It was known as the Imperial Defence College from its foundation in 1927 until 1970. Following discussion in the Committee of Imperial Defence in June 1920, a cabinet committee under Winston Churchill , then Secretary of State for the Colonies , met in March 1922 and recommended the formation of the College as "the beginnings of a common brain for the three Services". The college
297-569: The United States Armed Forces started attending the course for the first time. In 1970, the IDC was renamed the Royal College of Defence Studies and several royal visits followed. The Queen and Prince Philip visited the college in 2007 to mark its 80th anniversary. The RCDS Mission is: RCDS forms a part of the Defence Academy of the United Kingdom . In fulfilment of its mission,
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#1732852722018324-775: The York and Lancaster Regiment as a private, were both awarded the Military Cross in 1916 during the First World War . His maternal grandfather was wounded at Tel el-Kebir in 1880, and later commanded the 4th Hussars . Moore was educated at Brambletye School in East Grinstead in Sussex and at Cheltenham College . He intended to join the Fleet Air Arm after leaving school, but was discouraged by relatively poor exam results. He joined
351-585: The British Empire in 1973. Moore commanded the Royal Marines School of Music from 1973 to 1975, and then studied at the Royal College of Defence Studies in 1976. He commanded 3 Commando Brigade from 1977 until he was promoted to major general in 1979 and took command of all Royal Marine commando forces. He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1982, and was on the verge of retirement when
378-644: The Commandant General Royal Marines, Lieutenant General Sir Steuart Pringle , was badly injured by a bomb planted by the IRA. Moore remained as Major General Commando Forces to cover for Pringle while he recovered. Moore was handing over to the recuperated Pringle when Argentina invaded the Falkland Islands on 2 April 1982. He joined the task force planning team at Northwood before flying south to take command of land forces in theatre. His planning post
405-707: The Defence Staff . Royal Marines in tri-service roles may still hold the rank of major general: in April 2019, James Morris was appointed as commander of the Standing Joint Force , with the rank of major general. As in the British Army, a Royal Marines major general ranks below a lieutenant general and above a brigadier. From its foundation on 1 April 1918 to 31 July 1919, the Royal Air Force (RAF) briefly used
432-574: The Royal Marines, the Commandant General holds at least the rank of major general. A major general is senior to a brigadier but subordinate to a lieutenant general . The rank is OF-7 on the NATO rank scale , equivalent to a rear admiral in the Royal Navy or an air vice-marshal in the Royal Air Force and the air forces of many Commonwealth countries. The rank insignia is the star (or 'pip') of
459-454: The college runs one course a year, from September to July. Each course is attended by approximately 100 full-time members, around one-third from the UK and two-thirds from overseas. Attendees are military officers of Colonel / Brigadier or equivalent rank, and also include Home Office and Ministry of Defence civil servants, Foreign Office diplomats, police officers and a few representatives from
486-456: The private sector. All members would have been selected to attend the course on the strength of their potential to progress to high positions within their professions. The course composition has been progressively widened to include members from nearly 50 countries per year. Graduates of the college are entitled to the post-nominal letters rcds , while prior to 1970 the post-nominal letters idc were used. Since 2001, course members have had
513-427: The professional head of the Royal Marines, was created at the rank of full general in 1943. In 1977, the rank was downgraded to lieutenant general, and it was further reduced to of major general in 1996. On 30 April 2021, Lieutenant General Robert Magowan assumed the office of CGRM; he was succeeded on 25 November 2022 by Gwyn Jenkins , who already held the rank of full general from his appointment as Vice-Chief of
540-520: The rank of major-general. The service was a wartime amalgamation of the Army's Royal Flying Corps and the Navy's Royal Naval Air Service , so the ranks were a compromise between these two traditions. The insignia of the rank was derived from that of a Royal Navy rear-admiral and featured a broad gold stripe on the cuff below one narrow gold stripe. The two stripes were surmounted by an eagle (volant and affronty) under
567-704: The surrender of the Argentine commander, General de Brigada Mario Menéndez , in Port Stanley on 15 June 1982. Moore was advanced to Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath on 11 October 1982 "in recognition of service within the operations in the South Atlantic", and left the Marines in 1983. He became Director General of the Food Manufacturers Federation, but left 18 months later. Later in life, he raised money for research into liver diseases after having
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#1732852722018594-466: The then Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) stronghold of New Lodge . On promotion to lieutenant colonel in 1971, Moore was appointed in command of 42 Commando, completing two tours of duty in Northern Ireland , including participation in the high-profile Operation Motorman to eliminate areas proclaimed by the IRA as "no-go" to the Army and police. He was appointed an Officer of the Order of
621-506: Was awarded a Bar to the Military Cross in December 1962 when he led an attack against rebels holding the town of Limbang in the Sarawak area of Borneo , rescuing British and Australian hostages. He and his men were ferried across a river by Royal Navy Lieutenant Jeremy Black , who went on to command HMS Invincible in the Falklands War. Moore led 42 Commando on a tour of duty in
648-554: Was founded in 1927 as the Imperial Defence College and was located at 9 Buckingham Gate until 1939. Its objective at that time was to instruct senior military officers in the defence of the British Empire , "to look at the problem of war as whole and not merely from a land, or sea, or air point of view." In 1946, following the end of World War II , the college reopened at Seaford House , Belgrave Square and members of
675-657: Was one of several major generals to be promoted at this time." In the British Army, a division is commanded by a major general. However, other appointments may also be held by major generals. For example, the Commandant of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst is a major general. Until around the 1980s, the heads of each branch of service, such as the Royal Armoured Corps , the Royal Artillery and
702-473: Was survived by his wife and three children. Major-general (United Kingdom) Major general ( Maj Gen ) is a "two-star" rank in the British Army and Royal Marines . The rank was also briefly used by the Royal Air Force for a year and a half, from its creation in April 1918 until August 1919. In the British Army, a major general is the customary rank for the appointment of division commander. In
729-453: Was taken by Lieutenant General Richard Trant . Moore relieved Brigadier Julian Thompson as ground commander when he arrived shortly before the 5th Infantry Brigade , travelling ahead on HMS Antrim to reach the islands on 30 May. Moore implemented the plans proposed by Thompson, with the British soldiers forced to march across the inhospitable islands in the absence of sufficient helicopters and against Argentine resistance. He accepted
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