Shimosuwa ( 下諏訪町 , Shimosuwa-machi ) is a town located in Nagano Prefecture , Japan . As of 1 April 2019 , the town had an estimated population of 20,055 in 8864 households, and a population density of 300 persons per km . The total area of the town is 66.87 square kilometres (25.82 sq mi).
70-466: Recurring figure skating competition [REDACTED] You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Japanese . (January 2010) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Japanese article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate ,
140-624: A benefit from the in-group to the out-group) means "[I/we] explained [it] to [him/her/them]". Such beneficiary auxiliary verbs thus serve a function comparable to that of pronouns and prepositions in Indo-European languages to indicate the actor and the recipient of an action. Japanese "pronouns" also function differently from most modern Indo-European pronouns (and more like nouns) in that they can take modifiers as any other noun may. For instance, one does not say in English: The amazed he ran down
210-414: A distinct language of its own that has absorbed various aspects from neighboring languages. Japanese has five vowels, and vowel length is phonemic, with each having both a short and a long version. Elongated vowels are usually denoted with a line over the vowel (a macron ) in rōmaji , a repeated vowel character in hiragana , or a chōonpu succeeding the vowel in katakana . /u/ ( listen )
280-419: A glide /j/ and either the first part of a geminate consonant ( っ / ッ , represented as Q) or a moraic nasal in the coda ( ん / ン , represented as N). The nasal is sensitive to its phonetic environment and assimilates to the following phoneme, with pronunciations including [ɴ, m, n, ɲ, ŋ, ɰ̃] . Onset-glide clusters only occur at the start of syllables but clusters across syllables are allowed as long as
350-36214: A lack of competitors. Skaters compete at the senior level; Junior level skaters compete at the Japan Junior Figure Skating Championships . Medalists [ edit ] Men [ edit ] Season Location Gold Silver Bronze Details 1929–30 Nikko Makoto Kubo [ ja ] Yukichi Kaneko Susumu Kobayashi 1930–31 Sendai Kazuyoshi Oimatsu Ryuichi Obitani Susumu Kobayashi 1931–32 Shimosuwa Kingo Sato Toshikazu Katayama Yoshizou Wada 1932–33 Tokyo Toshikazu Katayama Kazuyoshi Oimatsu Tsugio Hasegawa 1933–34 Tokyo Toshikazu Katayama Zenjiro Watanabe Tsugio Hasegawa 1934–35 Tokyo Toshikazu Katayama Tsugio Hasegawa Kazuyoshi Oimatsu 1935–36 Tokyo Seiji Kitagawa [ ja ] Katsutoshi Kobayashi Shin Kurahashi 1936–37 Tokyo Toshikazu Katayama Zenjiro Watanabe Tsugio Hasegawa 1937–38 Tokyo Toshikazu Katayama Hiroshi Kanda [ ja ] Fujimaru Shouzushima 1938–39 Tokyo Hiroshi Kanda [ ja ] Ryusuke Arisaka [ ja ; fr ] Fujimaru Shouzushima 1939–40 Tokyo Ryusuke Arisaka [ ja ; fr ] Hiroshi Kanda [ ja ] Fujimaru Shouzushima 1940–41 Tokyo Ryusuke Arisaka [ ja ; fr ] Katsumi Sakai [ ja ] Fujimaru Shouzushima 1941–46 No competition held due to World War II 1946–47 Hachinohe Ryusuke Arisaka [ ja ; fr ] Tatsujiro Kawashima Kiyoshi Iwasaki 1947–48 Morioka Ryusuke Arisaka [ ja ; fr ] Naoshige Shiota [ ja ] Suzuo Haraguchi 1948–49 Suwa Competition cancelled 1949–50 Tomakomai Katsumi Sakai [ ja ] Masamizu Kobayashi [ ja ] Suzuo Haraguchi 1950–51 Nikko Ryusuke Arisaka [ ja ; fr ] Naoshige Shiota [ ja ] Masamizu Kobayashi [ ja ] 1951–52 Tokyo 1952–53 Tokyo Jack B. Jost Naoshige Shiota [ ja ] Masamizu Kobayashi [ ja ] 1953–54 Osaka Masamizu Kobayashi [ ja ] Tetsutaro Tanaka [ ja ] Shuichi Sugimoto 1954–55 Tokyo Kazuo Ōhashi [ ja ] Yukio Nishikura [ ja ] Masamizu Kobayashi [ ja ] 1955–56 Kyoto Hideo Sugita [ ja ] Kazuo Ōhashi [ ja ] Nobuo Sato 1956–57 Tokyo Nobuo Sato Yukio Nishikura [ ja ] Hideo Sugita [ ja ] 1957–58 Tokyo Nobuo Sato Yukio Nishikura [ ja ] Hideo Sugita [ ja ] 1958–59 Osaka Nobuo Sato Yukio Nishikura [ ja ] Hideo Sugita [ ja ] 1959–60 Tokyo Nobuo Sato Yukio Nishikura [ ja ] Hideo Sugita [ ja ] 1960–61 Tokyo Nobuo Sato Hideo Sugita [ ja ] Yutaka Dōke [ ja ] 1961–62 Osaka Nobuo Sato Hideo Sugita [ ja ] Masato Tamura 1962–63 Tokyo Nobuo Sato Yoshiyuki Koizumi [ ja ] Yutaka Dōke [ ja ] 1963–64 Tokyo Nobuo Sato Yoshiyuki Koizumi [ ja ] Masato Tamura 1964–65 Osaka Nobuo Sato Tsuguhiko Kozuka Masato Tamura 1965–66 Tomakomai Nobuo Sato Tsuguhiko Kozuka Yutaka Higuchi 1966–67 Tokyo Tsuguhiko Kozuka Masato Tamura Yutaka Higuchi 1967–68 Tokyo Tsuguhiko Kozuka Yutaka Higuchi Masato Tamura 1968–69 Tokyo Tsuguhiko Kozuka Akira Yoshizawa [ ja ] Tomomi Sato [ ja ] 1969–70 Osaka Yutaka Higuchi Akira Yoshizawa [ ja ] Tomomi Sato [ ja ] 1970–71 Tokyo Yutaka Higuchi Tsuguhiko Kozuka Minoru Sano 1971–72 Sapporo Yutaka Higuchi Minoru Sano Tsuguhiko Kozuka 1972–73 Osaka Minoru Sano Tomomi Sato [ ja ] Mitsuru Matsumura 1973–74 Kyoto Minoru Sano Mitsuru Matsumura Yoshinori Onishi [ ja ] 1974–75 Hiroshima Minoru Sano Mitsuru Matsumura Fumio Igarashi 1975–76 Tokyo Minoru Sano Mitsuru Matsumura Fumio Igarashi 1976–77 Tokyo Minoru Sano Mitsuru Matsumura Fumio Igarashi 1977–78 Kyoto Fumio Igarashi Mitsuru Matsumura Takashi Mura 1978–79 Tokyo Mitsuru Matsumura Fumio Igarashi Shinji Someya [ ja ] 1979–80 Tokyo Fumio Igarashi Mitsuru Matsumura Takashi Mura 1980–81 Tokyo Fumio Igarashi Takashi Mura Masaru Ogawa 1981–82 Tokyo Fumio Igarashi Mitsuru Matsumura Takashi Mura 1982–83 Tokyo Shinji Someya [ ja ] Takashi Mura Masaru Ogawa 1983–84 Tokyo Masaru Ogawa Takashi Mura Makoto Kano 1984–85 Tokyo Masaru Ogawa Makoto Kano Tatsuya Fujii [ ja ] 1985–86 Tokyo Masaru Ogawa Makoto Kano Tatsuya Fujii [ ja ] 1986–87 Tokyo Masaru Ogawa Makoto Kano Tatsuya Fujii [ ja ] 1987–88 Tokyo Makoto Kano Tatsuya Fujii [ ja ] Mitsuaki Takeuchi [ ja ] 1988–89 Tokyo Makoto Kano Mitsuhiro Murata Tatsuya Fujii [ ja ] 1989–90 Kitakyushu Tatsuya Fujii [ ja ] Masakazu Kagiyama Mitsuhiro Murata 1990–91 Yokohama Masakazu Kagiyama Mitsuhiro Murata Daisuke Nishikawa [ ja ] 1991–92 Kobe Masakazu Kagiyama Mitsuhiro Murata Noritomo Taniuchi [ ja ] 1992–93 Nagoya Masakazu Kagiyama Tomoaki Koyama Fumihiro Oikawa 1993–94 Yokohama Fumihiro Oikawa Masakazu Kagiyama Yoshiaki Takeuchi [ ja ] 1994–95 Kobe Shin Amano Naoki Shigematsu Seiichi Suzuki 1995–96 Yokohama Takeshi Honda Naoki Shigematsu Makoto Okazaki 1996–97 Nagano Takeshi Honda Yamato Tamura Makoto Okazaki 1997–98 Kobe Yamato Tamura Naoki Shigematsu Yosuke Takeuchi 1998–99 Yokohama Yosuke Takeuchi Naoki Shigematsu Yamato Tamura 1999–00 Fukuoka Takeshi Honda Yamato Tamura Naoki Shigematsu 2000–01 Nagano Takeshi Honda Yamato Tamura Yosuke Takeuchi 2001–02 Osaka Yosuke Takeuchi Yamato Tamura Makoto Okazaki 2002–03 Kyoto Takeshi Honda Yamato Tamura Kensuke Nakaniwa 2003–04 Nagano Yamato Tamura Kazumi Kishimoto Daisuke Takahashi 2004–05 Yokohama Takeshi Honda Kensuke Nakaniwa Nobunari Oda 2005–06 Tokyo Daisuke Takahashi Nobunari Oda Kensuke Nakaniwa 2006–07 Nagoya Daisuke Takahashi Nobunari Oda Yasuharu Nanri 2007–08 Osaka Daisuke Takahashi Takahiko Kozuka Yasuharu Nanri 2008–09 Nagano Nobunari Oda Takahiko Kozuka Takahito Mura 2009–10 Osaka Daisuke Takahashi Nobunari Oda Takahiko Kozuka 2010–11 Nagano Takahiko Kozuka Nobunari Oda Daisuke Takahashi 2011–12 Osaka Daisuke Takahashi Takahiko Kozuka Yuzuru Hanyu 2012–13 Sapporo Yuzuru Hanyu Daisuke Takahashi Takahito Mura 2013–14 Saitama Yuzuru Hanyu Tatsuki Machida Takahiko Kozuka 2014–15 Nagano Yuzuru Hanyu Shoma Uno Takahiko Kozuka 2015–16 Sapporo Yuzuru Hanyu Shoma Uno Takahito Mura 2016–17 Osaka Shoma Uno Keiji Tanaka Takahito Mura 2017–18 Tokyo Shoma Uno Keiji Tanaka Takahito Mura 2018–19 Osaka Shoma Uno Daisuke Takahashi Keiji Tanaka 2019–20 Tokyo Shoma Uno Yuzuru Hanyu Yuma Kagiyama 2020–21 Nagano Yuzuru Hanyu Shoma Uno Yuma Kagiyama 2021–22 Saitama Yuzuru Hanyu Shoma Uno Yuma Kagiyama 2022–23 Osaka Shoma Uno Koshiro Shimada Kazuki Tomono 2023–24 Nagano Shoma Uno Yuma Kagiyama Sōta Yamamoto Women [ edit ] Season Location Gold Silver Bronze Details 1934–35 Tokyo Etsuko Inada Tamako Togo [ ja ] Mitsuko Tezuka [ ja ] 1935–36 Tokyo Tamako Togo [ ja ] Yoshiko Tsukioka [ ja ; fr ] Mitsuko Tezuka [ ja ] 1936–37 Tokyo Etsuko Inada Yoshiko Tsukioka [ ja ; fr ] Kinuko Nakamura [ ja ] 1937–38 Tokyo Etsuko Inada Yoshiko Tsukioka [ ja ; fr ] Kinuko Nakamura [ ja ] 1938–39 Tokyo Etsuko Inada Kinuko Nakamura [ ja ] Michiko Yano [ ja ] 1939–40 Tokyo Etsuko Inada Yoshiko Tsukioka [ ja ; fr ] Michiko Yano [ ja ] 1940–41 Tokyo Etsuko Inada Yoshiko Tsukioka [ ja ; fr ] Tsuyako Ikuta [ ja ] 1941–46 Not held due to World War II 1946–47 Hachinohe Yoshiko Tsukioka [ ja ; fr ] Tsuyako Ikuta [ ja ] Kyoko Tokue [ ja ] 1947–48 Morioka Yoshiko Niwa [ ja ; fr ] Tsuyako Ikuta [ ja ] Reiko Kato [ ja ] 1948–49 Suwa Competition cancelled 1949–50 Tomakomai 1950–51 Nikko Etsuko Inada Yoshiko Niwa [ ja ; fr ] Tsuyako Yamashita [ ja ] 1951–52 Tokyo 1952–53 Tokyo Yoshiko Tsukioka [ ja ; fr ] Reiko Kobayashi [ ja ] Nana Aeba [ ja ] 1953–54 Osaka Tsuyako Yamashita [ ja ] Reiko Kobayashi [ ja ] 1954–55 Tokyo Tsuyako Yamashita [ ja ] Yoko Midoro [ ja ] Hisako Honda [ ja ] 1955–56 Kyoto Junko Ueno Yoko Midoro [ ja ] Yuko Araki [ ja ] 1956–57 Tokyo Junko Ueno Yuko Araki [ ja ] Miwa Fukuhara 1957–58 Tokyo Junko Ueno Miwa Fukuhara Hitomi Kurahashi [ ja ] 1958–59 Osaka Junko Ueno Miwa Fukuhara Kumiko Okawa 1959–60 Tokyo Miwa Fukuhara Junko Ueno Kumiko Okawa 1960–61 Tokyo Junko Ueno Miwa Fukuhara Kumiko Okawa 1961–62 Osaka Miwa Fukuhara Junko Ueno Kumiko Okawa 1962–63 Tokyo Miwa Fukuhara Kumiko Okawa Junko Ueno 1963–64 Tokyo Miwa Fukuhara Kumiko Okawa Junko Ueno 1964–65 Osaka Miwa Fukuhara Kumiko Okawa Kazumi Yamashita 1965–66 Tomakomai Miwa Fukuhara Kumiko Okawa Haruko Ishida 1966–67 Tokyo Kumiko Okawa Miwa Fukuhara Kazumi Yamashita 1967–68 Tokyo Kumiko Okawa Kazumi Yamashita Haruko Ishida 1968–69 Tokyo Kazumi Yamashita Keiko Miyagawa Keiko Yuzawa [ ja ] 1969–70 Osaka Kazumi Yamashita Keiko Miyagawa Harumi Yoshizawa [ ja ] 1970–71 Tokyo Kazumi Yamashita Shuko Takeyama [ ja ] Harumi Yoshizawa [ ja ] 1971–72 Sapporo Kazumi Yamashita Shuko Takeyama [ ja ] Keiko Yuzawa [ ja ] 1972–73 Osaka Emi Watanabe Miwako Ohashi [ ja ] Keiko Yuzawa [ ja ] 1973–74 Kyoto Emi Watanabe Miwako Ohashi [ ja ] Shinobu Watanabe [ ja ] 1974–75 Hiroshima Emi Watanabe Miwako Ohashi [ ja ] Shinobu Watanabe [ ja ] 1975–76 Tokyo Emi Watanabe Shinobu Watanabe [ ja ] Reiko Kobayashi 1976–77 Tokyo Emi Watanabe Reiko Kobayashi Shinobu Watanabe [ ja ] 1977–78 Kyoto Emi Watanabe Reiko Kobayashi Mariko Yoshida [ ja ] 1978–79 Tokyo Emi Watanabe Reiko Kobayashi Mariko Yoshida [ ja ] 1979–80 Tokyo Emi Watanabe Reiko Kobayashi Yoko Yakushi [ ja ] 1980–81 Tokyo Reiko Kobayashi Mariko Yoshida [ ja ] Midori Ito 1981–82 Tokyo Mariko Yoshida [ ja ] Masako Kato Yukiko Okabe [ ja ] 1982–83 Tokyo Juri Ozawa Megumi Aotani [ ja ] Sachie Yuki 1983–84 Tokyo Masako Kato Midori Ito Yukari Yoshimori [ ja ] 1984–85 Tokyo Midori Ito Masako Kato Sachie Yuki 1985–86 Tokyo Midori Ito Sachie Yuki Juri Ozawa 1986–87 Tokyo Midori Ito Masako Kato Yukiko Kashihara 1987–88 Tokyo Midori Ito Junko Yaginuma Yuka Sato 1988–89 Tokyo Midori Ito Junko Yaginuma Yuka Sato 1989–90 Fukuoka Midori Ito Yuka Sato Junko Yaginuma 1990–91 Yokohama Midori Ito Mari Asanuma [ ja ] Junko Yaginuma 1991–92 Kobe Midori Ito Yuka Sato Junko Yaginuma 1992–93 Nagoya Yuka Sato Junko Yaginuma Kumiko Koiwai 1993–94 Yokohama Yuka Sato Rena Inoue Kumiko Koiwai 1994–95 Kobe Hanae Yokoya Junko Yaginuma Kumiko Koiwai 1995–96 Yokohama Midori Ito Hanae Yokoya Hiromi Sano [ ja ] 1996–97 Nagano Fumie Suguri Shizuka Arakawa Yuka Kanazawa 1997–98 Kobe Shizuka Arakawa Fumie Suguri Rena Inoue 1998–99 Yokohama Shizuka Arakawa Fumie Suguri Yuka Kanazawa 1999–00 Fukuoka Chisato Shiina Arisa Yamazaki [ ja ] Fumie Suguri 2000–01 Nagano Fumie Suguri Shizuka Arakawa Yoshie Onda 2001–02 Osaka Fumie Suguri Shizuka Arakawa Miki Ando 2002–03 Kyoto Fumie Suguri Yoshie Onda Shizuka Arakawa 2003–04 Nagano Miki Ando Fumie Suguri Shizuka Arakawa 2004–05 Yokohama Miki Ando Mao Asada Fumie Suguri 2005–06 Tokyo Fumie Suguri Mao Asada Shizuka Arakawa 2006–07 Nagoya Mao Asada Miki Ando Yukari Nakano 2007–08 Osaka Mao Asada Miki Ando Yukari Nakano 2008–09 Nagano Mao Asada Fumie Suguri Miki Ando 2009–10 Osaka Mao Asada Akiko Suzuki Yukari Nakano 2010–11 Nagano Miki Ando Mao Asada Kanako Murakami 2011–12 Osaka Mao Asada Akiko Suzuki Kanako Murakami 2012–13 Sapporo Mao Asada Kanako Murakami Satoko Miyahara 2013–14 Saitama Akiko Suzuki Kanako Murakami Mao Asada 2014–15 Nagano Satoko Miyahara Rika Hongo Wakaba Higuchi 2015–16 Sapporo Satoko Miyahara Wakaba Higuchi Mao Asada 2016–17 Osaka Satoko Miyahara Wakaba Higuchi Mai Mihara 2017–18 Tokyo Satoko Miyahara Kaori Sakamoto Rika Kihira 2018–19 Osaka Kaori Sakamoto Rika Kihira Satoko Miyahara 2019–20 Tokyo Rika Kihira Wakaba Higuchi Tomoe Kawabata 2020–21 Nagano Rika Kihira Kaori Sakamoto Satoko Miyahara 2021–22 Saitama Kaori Sakamoto Wakaba Higuchi Mana Kawabe 2022–23 Osaka Kaori Sakamoto Mai Mihara Mao Shimada 2023–24 Nagano Kaori Sakamoto Mone Chiba Mao Shimada Pairs [ edit ] Season Location Gold Silver Bronze Details 1955–56 Kyoto Fumiko Nishimura [ ja ] / Kinehiko Takizawa No other competitors 1956–57 Tokyo Sumiko Shimodaira [ ja ] / Masamizu Kobayashi [ ja ] Tsuyako Takada / Kenzou Nishida No other competitors 1957–58 Tokyo Sumiko Shimodaira [ ja ] / Masamizu Kobayashi [ ja ] Tsuyako Takada / Kenzou Nishida No other competitors 1958–59 Osaka Kuwana Junko [ ja ] / Takatsugu Hashiguchi [ ja ] Sumiko Shimodaira [ ja ] / Masamizu Kobayashi [ ja ] Junko Takada / Kenzou Nishida 1959–60 Tokyo Atsuko Onoda / Takatsugu Hashiguchi [ ja ] No other competitors 1960–61 Tokyo Hiroko Ooiwa / Kazuhiko Kakita [ ja ] Machiko Kinoshita / Takatsugu Hashiguchi [ ja ] Mihoko Ogita / Takakazu Kawamura 1961–62 Osaka Mieko Ooiwa [ ja ] / Yutaka Dōke [ ja ] No other competitors 1962–63 Tokyo Mieko Ooiwa [ ja ] / Yutaka Dōke [ ja ] No other competitors 1963–64 Tokyo Noriko Harada [ ja ] / Takatsugu Hashiguchi [ ja ] No other competitors 1964–65 Osaka No competitors 1965–66 Tomakomai No competitors 1966–67 Tokyo Komako Iwadate [ ja ] / Masayasu Iguchi [ ja ] No other competitors 1967–68 Tokyo Kotoe Nagasawa / Hiroshi Nagakubo Sachiko Kobayashi / Koji Tanaka No other competitors 1968–69 Tokyo Kotoe Nagasawa / Hiroshi Nagakubo No other competitors 1969–70 Osaka Kotoe Nagasawa / Hiroshi Nagakubo No other competitors 1970–71 Tokyo Kotoe Nagasawa / Hiroshi Nagakubo No other competitors 1971–72 Sapporo Kotoe Nagasawa / Hiroshi Nagakubo No other competitors 1972–73 Osaka Huziko Seki / Toshimitsu Doke [ ja ] No other competitors 1973–74 Kyoto No competitors 1974–75 Hiroshima No competitors 1975–76 Tokyo Kyoko Hagiwara [ ja ] / Sumio Murata [ ja ] Hamae Kato / Hiromichi Hagino Yoshiko Maruyama / ? Shouzushima 1976–77 Tokyo Kyoko Hagiwara [ ja ] / Sumio Murata [ ja ] Hamae Kato / Hiromichi Hagino Naoko Asano / Koji Okajima 1977–78 Kyoto Kyoko Hagiwara [ ja ] / Sumio Murata [ ja ] Tomoko Tanaka / Hisao Ozaki [ ja ] Hamae Kato / Hiromichi Hagino 1978–79 Tokyo Yukiko Okabe [ ja ] / Takashi Mura Mutsumi Takezaki / Koji Okajima Seiko Matsumoto / Makoto Shiotani 1979–80 Tokyo Toshimi Ito [ ja ] / Takashi Mura No other competitors 1980–81 Tokyo No competitors 1981–82 Tokyo No competitors 1982–83 Tokyo No competitors 1983–84 Tokyo No competitors 1984–85 Tokyo No competitors 1985–86 Tokyo No competitors 1986–87 Tokyo Akiko Nogami [ ja ] / Yoichi Yamazaki [ ja ] Hikaru Tsuchino / Takaya Usuda [ ja ] No other competitors 1987–88 Tokyo Akiko Nogami [ ja ] / Yoichi Yamazaki [ ja ] Hikaru Tsuchino / Takaya Usuda [ ja ] No other competitors 1988–89 Tokyo Yuki Shoji [ ja ] / Takaya Usuda [ ja ] No other competitors 1989–90 Fukuoka No competitors 1990–91 Yokohama Rena Inoue / Tomoaki Koyama No other competitors 1991–92 Kobe Rena Inoue / Tomoaki Koyama No other competitors 1992–93 Nagoya Yukiko Kawasaki / Alexei Tikhonov No other competitors 1993–94 Yokohama Yukiko Kawasaki / Alexei Tikhonov No other competitors 1995–96 Yokohama No competitors 1996–97 Nagano Marie Arai / Yamato Tamura Makiko Ogasawara [ ja ] / Takeo Ogasawara [ ja ] Takako Kimura / Ken'ichi Mise 1997–98 Kobe Marie Arai / Shin Amano No other competitors 1998–99 Yokohama No competitors 1999–00 Fukuoka Makiko Ogasawara [ ja ] / Takeo Ogasawara [ ja ] No other competitors 2000–01 Nagano Makiko Ogasawara [ ja ] / Takeo Ogasawara [ ja ] No other competitors 2001–02 Osaka Yuko Kawaguchi / Alexander Markuntsov Makiko Ogasawara [ ja ] / Takeo Ogasawara [ ja ] No other competitors 2002–03 Kyoto Yuko Kawaguchi / Alexander Markuntsov Makiko Ogasawara [ ja ] / Takeo Ogasawara [ ja ] No other competitors 2003–04 Nagano No competitors 2004–05 Yokohama Yuko Kawaguchi / Devin Patrick [ ja ] No other competitors 2005–06 Tokyo No competitors 2006–07 Nagoya No competitors 2007–08 Osaka No competitors 2008–09 Nagano Narumi Takahashi / Mervin Tran No other competitors 2009–10 Osaka Narumi Takahashi / Mervin Tran No other competitors 2010–11 Nagano Narumi Takahashi / Mervin Tran No other competitors 2011–12 Osaka Narumi Takahashi / Mervin Tran No other competitors 2012–13 Sapporo No competitors 2013–14 Saitama Narumi Takahashi / Ryuichi Kihara No other competitors 2014–15 Nagano Narumi Takahashi / Ryuichi Kihara No other competitors 2015–16 Sapporo Sumire Suto / Francis Boudreau-Audet Marin Ono [ ja ] / Wesley Killing Miu Suzaki / Ryuichi Kihara 2016–17 Osaka Sumire Suto / Francis Boudreau-Audet Miu Suzaki / Ryuichi Kihara Marin Ono [ ja ] / Wesley Killing 2017–18 Tokyo Miu Suzaki / Ryuichi Kihara Narumi Takahashi / Ryo Shibata Riku Miura / Shoya Ichihashi 2018–19 Osaka Miu Suzaki / Ryuichi Kihara No other competitors 2019–20 Tokyo Riku Miura / Ryuichi Kihara No other competitors 2020–21 Nagano Cancelled 2021–22 Saitama Miyu Yunoki / Shoya Ichihashi No other competitors 2022–23 Osaka Haruna Murakami / Sumitada Moriguchi No other competitors 2023–24 Nagano Yuna Nagaoka / Sumitada Moriguchi No other competitors Ice dancing [ edit ] Season Location Gold Silver Bronze Details 1956–57 Tokyo Satoshi Kaneko / Masami Takeuchi Yoshio Toshiko Hutioka / Masaharu Katayama Yoshie Arai / Arata Yoshikawa 1957–58 Tokyo Satoshi Kaneko / Masami Takeuchi Yoshio Toshiko Hutioka / Masaharu Katayama Yoshie Arai / Arata Yoshikawa 1958–59 Osaka Satoshi Kaneko / Masami Takeuchi Yoshio Toshiko Hutioka / Masaharu Katayama Setsuko Sannai / Kenzi Takeda 1959–60 Tokyo Satoshi Kaneko / Masami Takeuchi Yoshio Idemitsu Junko / Takayuki Bessyo Mieko Ooiwa / Nagahisa Ono 1960–61 Tokyo Satoshi Kaneko / Masami Takeuchi Yoshio Idemitsu Junko / Takayuki Bessyo Mieko Ooiwa / Doke Yutaka 1961–62 Osaka Satoshi Kaneko / Masami Takeuchi Yoshio No other competitors 1962–63 Tokyo Satoshi Kaneko / Masami Takeuchi Yoshio No other competitors 1963–64 Tokyo Satoshi Kaneko / Masami Takeuchi Yoshio Sumiko Bessyo / Takayuki Bessyo Noriko Yuzawa / Matsumoto Norihisa 1964–65 Osaka Sumiko Bessyo / Takayuki Bessyo Fujise Kiyoko / Katsutoshi Morinaga No other competitors 1965–66 Tomakomai Noriko Yuzawa / Matsumoto Norihisa Reiko Inoue / Mitsuaki Hirose No other competitors 1966–67 Tokyo Noriko Yuzawa / Matsumoto Norihisa Reiko Inoue / Mitsuaki Hirose No other competitors 1967–68 Tokyo Mayumi Akahiro / Tamura Masato No other competitors 1968–69 Tokyo Ishikawa Yoko / Nishihama Naotoshi Noriko Harada [ ja ] / Joji Oh'hamazaki Tsuyama Fumi / Hiroshi Kobayashi 1969–70 Osaka Toshie Sakurai / Motoe Sakurai Tsuyama Fumi / Hiroshi Kobayashi No other competitors 1970–71 Tokyo Keiko Atiwa / Yasuyuki Noto Toshie Sakurai / Motoe Sakurai No other competitors 1971–72 Sapporo Keiko Atiwa / Yasuyuki Noto No other competitors 1972–73 Osaka Toshie Sakurai / Motoe Sakurai No other competitors 1973–74 Kyoto Yoshiko Nakada / Toshimitsu Doke [ ja ] Tamami Abe / Hirohiko Komata No other competitors 1974–75 Hiroshima Misato Kage / Masanori Takeda Tamami Abe / Hirohiko Komata Naoko Katou / Akira Naitou 1975–76 Tokyo Misato Kage / Masanori Takeda Yasuko Ikejiri / Toshimitsu Doke [ ja ] Tomoko Koide / Ryouichi Kobayashi 1976–77 Tokyo Misa Kage / Masanori Takeda Sachiko Sakano / Tadayuki Takahashi Yumiko Kage / Toshinori Fujisawa 1977–78 Kyoto Michiko Abe / Nozomu Sakai Yumiko Kage / Tadayuki Takahashi Sachiko Sakano / Akira Sekine 1978–79 Tokyo Yumiko Kage / Tadayuki Takahashi Michiko Abe / Nozomu Sakai Noriko Sato / Akira Sekine 1979–80 Tokyo Noriko Sato / Tadayuki Takahashi Michiko Abe / Nozomu Sakai Rumiko Michiue / Toshiyuki Tanaka 1980–81 Tokyo Noriko Sato / Tadayuki Takahashi Yumimo Kage / Yuuki Nakajima Akiko Okabe / Tamao Arai 1981–82 Tokyo Noriko Sato / Tadayuki Takahashi Akiko Okabe / Tamao Arai Tomoko Tanaka / Hiroyuki Suzuki 1982–83 Tokyo Noriko Sato / Tadayuki Takahashi Yumimo Kage / Yuuki Nakajima Tomoko Tanaka / Hiroyuki Suzuki 1983–84 Tokyo Noriko Sato / Tadayuki Takahashi Tomoko Tanaka / Hiroyuki Suzuki Yumimo Kage / Yuuki Nakajima 1984–85 Tokyo Noriko Sato / Tadayuki Takahashi Tomoko Tanaka / Hiroyuki Suzuki Junko Ito / Hiroaki Tokita 1985–86 Tokyo Tomoko Tanaka / Hiroyuki Suzuki Junko Ito / Hiroaki Tokita Kaoru Takino / Kenji Takino 1986–87 Tokyo Tomoko Tanaka / Hiroyuki Suzuki Junko Ito / Hiroaki Tokita Kaoru Takino / Kenji Takino 1987–88 Tokyo Tomoko Tanaka / Hiroyuki Suzuki Kaoru Takino / Kenji Takino Junko Ito / Hiroaki Tokita 1988–89 Tokyo Kaoru Takino / Kenji Takino Syoko Higashino / Tatsuro Matsumura Kayo Shirahata / Hiroshi Tanaka 1989–90 Fukuoka Kaoru Takino / Kenji Takino Syoko Higashino / Tatsuro Matsumura Kayo Shirahata / Hiroshi Tanaka 1990–91 Yokohama Kaoru Takino / Kenji Takino Syoko Higashino / Tatsuro Matsumura Kayo Shirahata / Hiroshi Tanaka 1991–92] Kobe Kaoru Takino / Kenji Takino Syoko Higashino / Tatsuro Matsumura Nakako Tsuzuki / Kazu Nakamura 1992–93 Nagoya Kayo Shirahata / Hiroshi Tanaka Nakako Tsuzuki / Kazu Nakamura Misao Sato / Go Sakai 1993–94 Yokohama Nakako Tsuzuki / Kazu Nakamura Yuki Habuki / Hitoshi Koizumi Misao Sato / Go Sakai 1994–95 Kobe Nakako Tsuzuki / Juris Razguliaiev Aya Kawai / Hiroshi Tanaka Yuki Habuki / Hitoshi Koizumi 1995–96 Yokohama Nakako Tsuzuki / Juris Razguliaiev Aya Kawai / Hiroshi Tanaka Akiko Kinoshita / Yosuke Moriwaki 1996–97 Nagano Aya Kawai / Hiroshi Tanaka Akiko Kinoshita / Yosuke Moriwaki Nozomi Watanabe / Akiyuki Kido 1997–98 Kobe Aya Kawai / Hiroshi Tanaka Nozomi Watanabe / Akiyuki Kido Aya Hatsuda / Koichi Suyama 1998–99 Yokohama Nakako Tsuzuki / Rinat Farkhoutdinov Rie Arikawa / Kenji Miyamoto Nozomi Watanabe / Akiyuki Kido 1999–00 Fukuoka Nakako Tsuzuki / Rinat Farkhoutdinov Nozomi Watanabe / Akiyuki Kido Rie Arikawa / Kenji Miyamoto 2000–01 Nagano Nakako Tsuzuki / Rinat Farkhoutdinov Nozomi Watanabe / Akiyuki Kido Rie Arikawa / Kenji Miyamoto 2001–02 Osaka Rie Arikawa / Kenji Miyamoto Nozomi Watanabe / Akiyuki Kido Masumi Haruki / Hiroaki Tokita 2002–03 Kyoto Rie Arikawa / Kenji Miyamoto Nozomi Watanabe / Akiyuki Kido Masumi Haruki / Hiroaki Tokita 2003–04 Nagano Nozomi Watanabe / Akiyuki Kido Nakako Tsuzuki / Kenji Miyamoto Yurie Oda / Sho Kagayama 2004–05 Yokohama Nozomi Watanabe / Akiyuki Kido Nakako Tsuzuki / Kenji Miyamoto Minami Sakacho / Tatsuya Sakacho 2005–06 Tokyo Nozomi Watanabe / Akiyuki Kido Nakako Tsuzuki / Kenji Miyamoto Minami Sakacho / Tatsuya Sakacho 2006–07 Nagoya Nozomi Watanabe / Akiyuki Kido Cathy Reed / Chris Reed Minami Sakacho / Tatsuya Sakacho 2007–08 Osaka Cathy Reed / Chris Reed No other competitors 2008–09 Nagano Cathy Reed / Chris Reed Nana Sugiki / Taiyo Mizutani Emi Hirai / Ayato Yuzawa 2009–10 Osaka Cathy Reed / Chris Reed Emi Hirai / Taiyo Mizutani No other competitors 2010–11 Nagano Cathy Reed / Chris Reed Emi Hirai / Taiyo Mizutani No other competitors 2011–12 Osaka Bryna Oi / Taiyo Mizutani Emi Hirai / Marien de la Asuncion Anna Takei / Yuya Yamada 2012–13 Sapporo Cathy Reed / Chris Reed Emi Hirai / Marien de la Asuncion Bryna Oi / Taiyo Mizutani 2013–14 Saitama Cathy Reed / Chris Reed Emi Hirai / Marien de la Asuncion Shizuru Agata / Kentaro Suzuki 2014–15 Nagano Cathy Reed / Chris Reed Emi Hirai / Marien de la Asuncion Kana Muramoto / Hiroichi Noguchi 2015–16 Sapporo Kana Muramoto / Chris Reed Emi Hirai / Marien de la Asuncion Ibuki Mori / Kentaro Suzuki 2016–17 Osaka Kana Muramoto / Chris Reed Emi Hirai / Marien de la Asuncion Misato Komatsubara / Tim Koleto 2017–18 Tokyo Kana Muramoto / Chris Reed Misato Komatsubara / Tim Koleto Rikako Fukase / Aru Tateno 2018–19 Osaka Misato Komatsubara / Tim Koleto Kiria Hirayama / Axel Lamasse Mio Iida / Kenta Ishibashi 2019–20 Tokyo Misato Komatsubara / Tim Koleto Rikako Fukase / Eichu Cho Kiria Hirayama / Kenta Ishibashi 2020–21 Nagano Misato Komatsubara / Tim Koleto Kana Muramoto / Daisuke Takahashi Rikako Fukase / Eichu Cho 2021-22 Saitama Misato Komatsubara / Tim Koleto Kana Muramoto / Daisuke Takahashi Ayumi Takanami / Shingo Nishiyama 2022–23 Osaka Kana Muramoto / Daisuke Takahashi Misato Komatsubara / Tim Koleto Nicole Takahashi / Shiloh Judd 2023–24 Nagano Misato Komatsubara / Tim Koleto Azusa Tanaka / Shingo Nishiyama Utana Yoshida / Masaya Morita See also [ edit ] Japan Junior Figure Skating Championships References [ edit ] ^ 1930–2001 Men Results at
420-479: A listener depending on the listener's relative social position and the degree of familiarity between the speaker and the listener. When used in different social relationships, the same word may have positive (intimate or respectful) or negative (distant or disrespectful) connotations. Japanese often use titles of the person referred to where pronouns would be used in English. For example, when speaking to one's teacher, it
490-408: A sentence need not be stated and pronouns may be omitted if they can be inferred from context. In the example above, hana ga nagai would mean "[their] noses are long", while nagai by itself would mean "[they] are long." A single verb can be a complete sentence: Yatta! ( やった! ) "[I / we / they / etc] did [it]!". In addition, since adjectives can form the predicate in a Japanese sentence (below),
560-428: A single adjective can be a complete sentence: Urayamashii! ( 羨ましい! ) "[I'm] jealous [about it]!". While the language has some words that are typically translated as pronouns, these are not used as frequently as pronouns in some Indo-European languages, and function differently. In some cases, Japanese relies on special verb forms and auxiliary verbs to indicate the direction of benefit of an action: "down" to indicate
630-624: Is compressed rather than protruded , or simply unrounded. Some Japanese consonants have several allophones , which may give the impression of a larger inventory of sounds. However, some of these allophones have since become phonemic. For example, in the Japanese language up to and including the first half of the 20th century, the phonemic sequence /ti/ was palatalized and realized phonetically as [tɕi] , approximately chi ( listen ) ; however, now [ti] and [tɕi] are distinct, as evidenced by words like tī [tiː] "Western-style tea" and chii [tɕii] "social status". The "r" of
700-421: Is topic–comment . Sentence-final particles are used to add emotional or emphatic impact, or form questions. Nouns have no grammatical number or gender , and there are no articles . Verbs are conjugated , primarily for tense and voice , but not person . Japanese adjectives are also conjugated. Japanese has a complex system of honorifics , with verb forms and vocabulary to indicate the relative status of
770-529: Is 7.3 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1540 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 20.2 °C, and lowest in January, at around -5.1 °C. Per Japanese census data, the population of Shimosuwa has been declining at a low but accelerating rate over the past 50 years. The area of present-day Shimosuwa was part of ancient Shinano Province , and
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#1732851063902840-536: Is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Misplaced Pages. Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 1,321 articles in the main category , and specifying |topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify
910-445: Is also seen in o-medetō "congratulations", from medetaku ). Late Middle Japanese has the first loanwords from European languages – now-common words borrowed into Japanese in this period include pan ("bread") and tabako ("tobacco", now "cigarette"), both from Portuguese . Modern Japanese is considered to begin with the Edo period (which spanned from 1603 to 1867). Since Old Japanese,
980-519: Is also used in a limited fashion (such as for imported acronyms) in Japanese writing. The numeral system uses mostly Arabic numerals , but also traditional Chinese numerals . Proto-Japonic , the common ancestor of the Japanese and Ryukyuan languages , is thought to have been brought to Japan by settlers coming from the Korean peninsula sometime in the early- to mid-4th century BC (the Yayoi period ), replacing
1050-440: Is appropriate to use sensei ( 先生 , "teacher"), but inappropriate to use anata . This is because anata is used to refer to people of equal or lower status, and one's teacher has higher status. Japanese nouns have no grammatical number, gender or article aspect. The noun hon ( 本 ) may refer to a single book or several books; hito ( 人 ) can mean "person" or "people", and ki ( 木 ) can be "tree" or "trees". Where number
1120-684: Is associated with comedy (see Kansai dialect ). Dialects of Tōhoku and North Kantō are associated with typical farmers. The Ryūkyūan languages, spoken in Okinawa and the Amami Islands (administratively part of Kagoshima ), are distinct enough to be considered a separate branch of the Japonic family; not only is each language unintelligible to Japanese speakers, but most are unintelligible to those who speak other Ryūkyūan languages. However, in contrast to linguists, many ordinary Japanese people tend to consider
1190-462: Is better documentation of Late Middle Japanese phonology than for previous forms (for instance, the Arte da Lingoa de Iapam ). Among other sound changes, the sequence /au/ merges to /ɔː/ , in contrast with /oː/ ; /p/ is reintroduced from Chinese; and /we/ merges with /je/ . Some forms rather more familiar to Modern Japanese speakers begin to appear – the continuative ending - te begins to reduce onto
1260-509: Is correlated with the sex of the speaker and the social situation in which they are spoken: men and women alike in a formal situation generally refer to themselves as watashi ( 私 , literally "private") or watakushi (also 私 , hyper-polite form), while men in rougher or intimate conversation are much more likely to use the word ore ( 俺 "oneself", "myself") or boku . Similarly, different words such as anata , kimi , and omae ( お前 , more formally 御前 "the one before me") may refer to
1330-417: Is important, it can be indicated by providing a quantity (often with a counter word ) or (rarely) by adding a suffix, or sometimes by duplication (e.g. 人人 , hitobito , usually written with an iteration mark as 人々 ). Words for people are usually understood as singular. Thus Tanaka-san usually means Mx Tanaka . Words that refer to people and animals can be made to indicate a group of individuals through
1400-722: Is less common. In terms of mutual intelligibility , a survey in 1967 found that the four most unintelligible dialects (excluding Ryūkyūan languages and Tōhoku dialects ) to students from Greater Tokyo were the Kiso dialect (in the deep mountains of Nagano Prefecture ), the Himi dialect (in Toyama Prefecture ), the Kagoshima dialect and the Maniwa dialect (in Okayama Prefecture ). The survey
1470-516: Is located in central Nagano Prefecture, approximately 50 kilometers from the prefectural capital of Nagano city and 200 kilometers from Tokyo . The town is bordered on the south by Lake Suwa . The town has an altitude of 760 meters at the town center, and is 82% forested. The town has a humid continental climate characterized by warm and humid summers, and cold winters ( Köppen climate classification Dfb ). The average annual temperature in Shimosuwa
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#17328510639021540-420: Is often called a topic-prominent language , which means it has a strong tendency to indicate the topic separately from the subject, and that the two do not always coincide. The sentence Zō wa hana ga nagai ( 象は鼻が長い ) literally means, "As for elephant(s), (the) nose(s) (is/are) long". The topic is zō "elephant", and the subject is hana "nose". Japanese grammar tends toward brevity; the subject or object of
1610-489: Is preserved in words such as matsuge ("eyelash", lit. "hair of the eye"); modern mieru ("to be visible") and kikoeru ("to be audible") retain a mediopassive suffix - yu(ru) ( kikoyu → kikoyuru (the attributive form, which slowly replaced the plain form starting in the late Heian period) → kikoeru (all verbs with the shimo-nidan conjugation pattern underwent this same shift in Early Modern Japanese )); and
1680-646: Is the principal language of the Japonic language family spoken by the Japanese people . It has around 123 million speakers, primarily in Japan , the only country where it is the national language , and within the Japanese diaspora worldwide. The Japonic family also includes the Ryukyuan languages and the variously classified Hachijō language . There have been many attempts to group the Japonic languages with other families such as
1750-402: Is the version of Japanese discussed in this article. Formerly, standard Japanese in writing ( 文語 , bungo , "literary language") was different from colloquial language ( 口語 , kōgo ) . The two systems have different rules of grammar and some variance in vocabulary. Bungo was the main method of writing Japanese until about 1900; since then kōgo gradually extended its influence and
1820-471: Is used for the present and the future. For verbs that represent an ongoing process, the -te iru form indicates a continuous (or progressive) aspect , similar to the suffix ing in English. For others that represent a change of state, the -te iru form indicates a perfect aspect. For example, kite iru means "They have come (and are still here)", but tabete iru means "They are eating". Questions (both with an interrogative pronoun and yes/no questions) have
1890-405: Is why some linguists do not classify Japanese "pronouns" as pronouns, but rather as referential nouns, much like Spanish usted (contracted from vuestra merced , "your ( majestic plural ) grace") or Portuguese você (from vossa mercê ). Japanese personal pronouns are generally used only in situations requiring special emphasis as to who is doing what to whom. The choice of words used as pronouns
1960-603: The Ainu , Austronesian , Koreanic , and the now-discredited Altaic , but none of these proposals have gained any widespread acceptance. Little is known of the language's prehistory, or when it first appeared in Japan. Chinese documents from the 3rd century AD recorded a few Japanese words, but substantial Old Japanese texts did not appear until the 8th century. From the Heian period (794–1185), extensive waves of Sino-Japanese vocabulary entered
2030-455: The Japonic language family, which also includes the Ryukyuan languages spoken in the Ryukyu Islands . As these closely related languages are commonly treated as dialects of the same language, Japanese is sometimes called a language isolate . According to Martine Irma Robbeets , Japanese has been subject to more attempts to show its relation to other languages than any other language in
2100-467: The Onbashira festival. Huge trees are cut in a Shinto ceremony, then the logs are dragged from the mountains down to the shrines. Shimosuwa is also the site of several onsen or natural hot spring spas. The Hoshigatō obsidian mine site , a Jomon period trace and National Historic Site is located in Shimosuwa, but there are no public facilities or access. This Nagano Prefecture location article
2170-504: The Philippines , and various Pacific islands, locals in those countries learned Japanese as the language of the empire. As a result, many elderly people in these countries can still speak Japanese. Japanese emigrant communities (the largest of which are to be found in Brazil , with 1.4 million to 1.5 million Japanese immigrants and descendants, according to Brazilian IBGE data, more than
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2240-716: The United States (notably in Hawaii , where 16.7% of the population has Japanese ancestry, and California ), and the Philippines (particularly in Davao Region and the Province of Laguna ). Japanese has no official status in Japan, but is the de facto national language of the country. There is a form of the language considered standard : hyōjungo ( 標準語 ) , meaning "standard Japanese", or kyōtsūgo ( 共通語 ) , "common language", or even "Tokyo dialect" at times. The meanings of
2310-3596: The Wayback Machine (archive index) ^ 1956–2001 Pair Results at the Wayback Machine (archive index) ^ 1957–2001 Ice Dancing Results at the Wayback Machine (archive index) External links [ edit ] Japan Skating Federation official results & data v t e Japan Figure Skating Championships 1989–90 1990–91 1991–92 1992–93 1993–94 1994–95 1995–96 1996–97 1997–98 1998–99 1999–2000 2000–01 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08 2008–09 2009–10 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2020–21 2021–22 2022–23 2023–24 v t e National figure skating championships Seasons 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2020–21 2021–22 2022–23 2023–24 Africa [REDACTED] South Africa Americas [REDACTED] Brazil [REDACTED] Canada [REDACTED] Mexico [REDACTED] United States Asia [REDACTED] China [REDACTED] Chinese Taipei [REDACTED] Hong Kong [REDACTED] India [REDACTED] Israel [REDACTED] Japan [REDACTED] Kazakhstan [REDACTED] North Korea [REDACTED] Philippines [REDACTED] South Korea [REDACTED] Uzbekistan Europe [REDACTED] Austria [REDACTED] Belarus [REDACTED] Belgium [REDACTED] Bulgaria [REDACTED] Croatia [REDACTED] Czech Republic [REDACTED] Czechoslovakia [REDACTED] Denmark [REDACTED] East Germany [REDACTED] Estonia [REDACTED] Finland [REDACTED] France [REDACTED] Germany [REDACTED] Great Britain [REDACTED] Hungary [REDACTED] Iceland [REDACTED] Italy [REDACTED] Latvia [REDACTED] Lithuania [REDACTED] Netherlands [REDACTED] Norway [REDACTED] Poland [REDACTED] Romania [REDACTED] Russia [REDACTED] Serbia [REDACTED] Slovakia [REDACTED] Slovenia [REDACTED] Soviet Union [REDACTED] Spain [REDACTED] Sweden [REDACTED] Switzerland [REDACTED] Turkey [REDACTED] Ukraine Oceania [REDACTED] Australia [REDACTED] New Zealand Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japan_Figure_Skating_Championships&oldid=1254145131 " Categories : Japan Figure Skating Championships Figure skating national championships National championships in Japan Hidden categories: Webarchive template wayback links Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Articles needing translation from Japanese Misplaced Pages Articles containing Japanese-language text Japanese language Japanese ( 日本語 , Nihongo , [ɲihoŋɡo] )
2380-433: The Wayback Machine (archive index) ^ "Results: 2006–07 season" . Japan Skating Federation. Archived from the original on 2007-08-16 . Retrieved 2007-02-06 . ^ "Results: 2007–08 season" . Japan Skating Federation. Archived from the original on 2007-12-28 . Retrieved 2007-12-17 . ^ "Results: 2008–09 season" . Japan Skating Federation. Archived from
2450-794: The de facto standard Japanese had been the Kansai dialect , especially that of Kyoto . However, during the Edo period, Edo (now Tokyo) developed into the largest city in Japan, and the Edo-area dialect became standard Japanese. Since the end of Japan's self-imposed isolation in 1853, the flow of loanwords from European languages has increased significantly. The period since 1945 has seen many words borrowed from other languages—such as German, Portuguese and English. Many English loan words especially relate to technology—for example, pasokon (short for "personal computer"), intānetto ("internet"), and kamera ("camera"). Due to
2520-518: The 1.2 million of the United States ) sometimes employ Japanese as their primary language. Approximately 12% of Hawaii residents speak Japanese, with an estimated 12.6% of the population of Japanese ancestry in 2008. Japanese emigrants can also be found in Peru , Argentina , Australia (especially in the eastern states), Canada (especially in Vancouver , where 1.4% of the population has Japanese ancestry),
2590-482: The Japanese language is of particular interest, ranging between an apical central tap and a lateral approximant . The "g" is also notable; unless it starts a sentence, it may be pronounced [ ŋ ] , in the Kanto prestige dialect and in other eastern dialects. The phonotactics of Japanese are relatively simple. The syllable structure is (C)(G)V(C), that is, a core vowel surrounded by an optional onset consonant,
2660-724: The Old Japanese sections are written in Man'yōgana , which uses kanji for their phonetic as well as semantic values. Based on the Man'yōgana system, Old Japanese can be reconstructed as having 88 distinct morae . Texts written with Man'yōgana use two different sets of kanji for each of the morae now pronounced き (ki), ひ (hi), み (mi), け (ke), へ (he), め (me), こ (ko), そ (so), と (to), の (no), も (mo), よ (yo) and ろ (ro). (The Kojiki has 88, but all later texts have 87. The distinction between mo 1 and mo 2 apparently
2730-488: The Ryūkyūan languages as dialects of Japanese. The imperial court also seems to have spoken an unusual variant of the Japanese of the time, most likely the spoken form of Classical Japanese , a writing style that was prevalent during the Heian period , but began to decline during the late Meiji period . The Ryūkyūan languages are classified by UNESCO as 'endangered', as young people mostly use Japanese and cannot understand
2800-543: The addition of a collective suffix (a noun suffix that indicates a group), such as -tachi , but this is not a true plural: the meaning is closer to the English phrase "and company". A group described as Tanaka-san-tachi may include people not named Tanaka. Some Japanese nouns are effectively plural, such as hitobito "people" and wareware "we/us", while the word tomodachi "friend" is considered singular, although plural in form. Verbs are conjugated to show tenses, of which there are two: past and present (or non-past) which
2870-564: The effect of changing Japanese into a mora-timed language. Late Middle Japanese covers the years from 1185 to 1600, and is normally divided into two sections, roughly equivalent to the Kamakura period and the Muromachi period , respectively. The later forms of Late Middle Japanese are the first to be described by non-native sources, in this case the Jesuit and Franciscan missionaries; and thus there
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2940-455: The flow of loanwords from European languages increased significantly, and words from English roots have proliferated. Japanese is an agglutinative , mora -timed language with relatively simple phonotactics , a pure vowel system, phonemic vowel and consonant length, and a lexically significant pitch-accent . Word order is normally subject–object–verb with particles marking the grammatical function of words, and sentence structure
3010-609: The genitive particle ga remains in intentionally archaic speech. Early Middle Japanese is the Japanese of the Heian period , from 794 to 1185. It formed the basis for the literary standard of Classical Japanese , which remained in common use until the early 20th century. During this time, Japanese underwent numerous phonological developments, in many cases instigated by an influx of Chinese loanwords . These included phonemic length distinction for both consonants and vowels , palatal consonants (e.g. kya ) and labial consonant clusters (e.g. kwa ), and closed syllables . This had
3080-430: The language, affecting the phonology of Early Middle Japanese . Late Middle Japanese (1185–1600) saw extensive grammatical changes and the first appearance of European loanwords . The basis of the standard dialect moved from the Kansai region to the Edo region (modern Tokyo ) in the Early Modern Japanese period (early 17th century–mid 19th century). Following the end of Japan's self-imposed isolation in 1853,
3150-453: The languages of the original Jōmon inhabitants, including the ancestor of the modern Ainu language . Because writing had yet to be introduced from China, there is no direct evidence, and anything that can be discerned about this period must be based on internal reconstruction from Old Japanese , or comparison with the Ryukyuan languages and Japanese dialects . The Chinese writing system
3220-449: The languages. Okinawan Japanese is a variant of Standard Japanese influenced by the Ryūkyūan languages, and is the primary dialect spoken among young people in the Ryukyu Islands . Modern Japanese has become prevalent nationwide (including the Ryūkyū islands) due to education , mass media , and an increase in mobility within Japan, as well as economic integration. Japanese is a member of
3290-427: The large quantity of English loanwords, modern Japanese has developed a distinction between [tɕi] and [ti] , and [dʑi] and [di] , with the latter in each pair only found in loanwords. Although Japanese is spoken almost exclusively in Japan, it has also been spoken outside of the country. Before and during World War II , through Japanese annexation of Taiwan and Korea , as well as partial occupation of China ,
3360-425: The only strict rule of word order is that the verb must be placed at the end of a sentence (possibly followed by sentence-end particles). This is because Japanese sentence elements are marked with particles that identify their grammatical functions. The basic sentence structure is topic–comment . For example, Kochira wa Tanaka-san desu ( こちらは田中さんです ). kochira ("this") is the topic of the sentence, indicated by
3430-448: The original on 2008-12-07 . Retrieved 2008-12-05 . ^ "Results: 2009–10 season" . Japan Skating Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-12-28 . Retrieved 2009-12-26 . ^ "Results: 2010–11 season" . Japan Skating Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-12-21 . Retrieved 2011-08-07 . ^ "Results: 2011–12 season" . Japan Skating Federation. Archived from
3500-1057: The original on 2012-06-01 . Retrieved 2012-04-14 . ^ "Results: 2012–13 season" . Japan Skating Federation. ^ "Results: 2013–14 season" . Japan Skating Federation. ^ "Results: 2014–15 season" . Japan Skating Federation. ^ "Results: 2015–16 season" . Japan Skating Federation. ^ "Results: 2016–17 season" . Japan Skating Federation. ^ "Results: 2017–18 season" . Japan Skating Federation. ^ "Results: 2018–19 season" . Japan Skating Federation. ^ "Results: 2019–20 season" . Japan Skating Federation. ^ "Results: 2020–21 season" . Japan Skating Federation. ^ "Results: 2021–22 season" . Japan Skating Federation. ^ "Results: 2022–23 season" . Japan Skating Federation. ^ "Results: 2023–24 season" . Japan Skating Federation. ^ 1935–2001 Ladies Results at
3570-470: The out-group gives a benefit to the in-group, and "up" to indicate the in-group gives a benefit to the out-group. Here, the in-group includes the speaker and the out-group does not, and their boundary depends on context. For example, oshiete moratta ( 教えてもらった ) (literally, "explaining got" with a benefit from the out-group to the in-group) means "[he/she/they] explained [it] to [me/us]". Similarly, oshiete ageta ( 教えてあげた ) (literally, "explaining gave" with
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#17328510639023640-415: The particle wa . The verb desu is a copula , commonly translated as "to be" or "it is" (though there are other verbs that can be translated as "to be"), though technically it holds no meaning and is used to give a sentence 'politeness'. As a phrase, Tanaka-san desu is the comment. This sentence literally translates to "As for this person, (it) is Mx Tanaka." Thus Japanese, like many other Asian languages,
3710-477: The proposed larger Altaic family, or to various Southeast Asian languages , especially Austronesian . None of these proposals have gained wide acceptance (and the Altaic family itself is now considered controversial). As it stands, only the link to Ryukyuan has wide support. Other theories view the Japanese language as an early creole language formed through inputs from at least two distinct language groups, or as
3780-459: The same structure as affirmative sentences, but with intonation rising at the end. In the formal register, the question particle -ka is added. For example, ii desu ( いいです ) "It is OK" becomes ii desu-ka ( いいですか。 ) "Is it OK?". In a more informal tone sometimes the particle -no ( の ) is added instead to show a personal interest of the speaker: Dōshite konai-no? "Why aren't (you) coming?". Some simple queries are formed simply by mentioning
3850-439: The speaker, the listener, and persons mentioned. The Japanese writing system combines Chinese characters , known as kanji ( 漢字 , ' Han characters') , with two unique syllabaries (or moraic scripts) derived by the Japanese from the more complex Chinese characters: hiragana ( ひらがな or 平仮名 , 'simple characters') and katakana ( カタカナ or 片仮名 , 'partial characters'). Latin script ( rōmaji ローマ字 )
3920-797: The state as at the time the constitution was written, many of the elders participating in the process had been educated in Japanese during the South Seas Mandate over the island shown by the 1958 census of the Trust Territory of the Pacific that found that 89% of Palauans born between 1914 and 1933 could speak and read Japanese, but as of the 2005 Palau census there were no residents of Angaur that spoke Japanese at home. Japanese dialects typically differ in terms of pitch accent , inflectional morphology , vocabulary , and particle usage. Some even differ in vowel and consonant inventories, although this
3990-476: The street. (grammatically incorrect insertion of a pronoun) But one can grammatically say essentially the same thing in Japanese: 驚いた彼は道を走っていった。 Transliteration: Odoroita kare wa michi o hashitte itta. (grammatically correct) This is partly because these words evolved from regular nouns, such as kimi "you" ( 君 "lord"), anata "you" ( あなた "that side, yonder"), and boku "I" ( 僕 "servant"). This
4060-509: The template {{Translated|ja|全日本フィギュアスケート選手権}} to the talk page . For more guidance, see Misplaced Pages:Translation . The Japan or All-Japan Figure Skating Championships ( Japanese : 全日本フィギュアスケート選手権 ) are a figure skating national championship held annually since 1930, to determine the national champions of Japan . Skaters compete in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles , pair skating , and ice dancing , although not every discipline has been held every year due to
4130-437: The text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Japanese Misplaced Pages article at [[:ja:全日本フィギュアスケート選手権]]; see its history for attribution. You may also add
4200-549: The topic with an interrogative intonation to call for the hearer's attention: Kore wa? "(What about) this?"; O-namae wa? ( お名前は？ ) "(What's your) name?". Negatives are formed by inflecting the verb. For example, Pan o taberu ( パンを食べる。 ) "I will eat bread" or "I eat bread" becomes Pan o tabenai ( パンを食べない。 ) "I will not eat bread" or "I do not eat bread". Plain negative forms are i -adjectives (see below) and inflect as such, e.g. Pan o tabenakatta ( パンを食べなかった。 ) "I did not eat bread". Shimosuwa, Nagano Shimosuwa
4270-419: The two consonants are the moraic nasal followed by a homorganic consonant. Japanese also includes a pitch accent , which is not represented in moraic writing; for example [haꜜ.ɕi] ("chopsticks") and [ha.ɕiꜜ] ("bridge") are both spelled はし ( hashi ) , and are only differentiated by the tone contour. Japanese word order is classified as subject–object–verb . Unlike many Indo-European languages ,
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#17328510639024340-577: The two methods were both used in writing until the 1940s. Bungo still has some relevance for historians, literary scholars, and lawyers (many Japanese laws that survived World War II are still written in bungo , although there are ongoing efforts to modernize their language). Kōgo is the dominant method of both speaking and writing Japanese today, although bungo grammar and vocabulary are occasionally used in modern Japanese for effect. The 1982 state constitution of Angaur , Palau , names Japanese along with Palauan and English as an official language of
4410-472: The two terms (''hyōjungo'' and ''kyōtsūgo'') are almost the same. Hyōjungo or kyōtsūgo is a conception that forms the counterpart of dialect. This normative language was born after the Meiji Restoration ( 明治維新 , meiji ishin , 1868) from the language spoken in the higher-class areas of Tokyo (see Yamanote ). Hyōjungo is taught in schools and used on television and in official communications. It
4480-407: The verb (e.g. yonde for earlier yomite ), the -k- in the final mora of adjectives drops out ( shiroi for earlier shiroki ); and some forms exist where modern standard Japanese has retained the earlier form (e.g. hayaku > hayau > hayɔɔ , where modern Japanese just has hayaku , though the alternative form is preserved in the standard greeting o-hayō gozaimasu "good morning"; this ending
4550-548: The world. Since Japanese first gained the consideration of linguists in the late 19th century, attempts have been made to show its genealogical relation to languages or language families such as Ainu , Korean , Chinese , Tibeto-Burman , Uralic , Altaic (or Ural-Altaic ), Austroasiatic , Austronesian and Dravidian . At the fringe, some linguists have even suggested a link to Indo-European languages , including Greek , or to Sumerian . Main modern theories try to link Japanese either to northern Asian languages, like Korean or
4620-506: Was administered as part of the territories of Suwa Domain under the Tokugawa shogunate . During the Edo period , Shimosuwa-shuku developed as the 29th station on the 59-station Nakasendō highway connecting Edo with Kyoto and was also a post station on the Kōshū Kaidō . The village of Shimosuwa was created with the establishment of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889 and
4690-535: Was based on 12- to 20-second-long recordings of 135 to 244 phonemes , which 42 students listened to and translated word-for-word. The listeners were all Keio University students who grew up in the Kanto region . There are some language islands in mountain villages or isolated islands such as Hachijō-jima island , whose dialects are descended from Eastern Old Japanese . Dialects of the Kansai region are spoken or known by many Japanese, and Osaka dialect in particular
4760-718: Was imported to Japan from Baekje around the start of the fifth century, alongside Buddhism. The earliest texts were written in Classical Chinese , although some of these were likely intended to be read as Japanese using the kanbun method, and show influences of Japanese grammar such as Japanese word order. The earliest text, the Kojiki , dates to the early eighth century, and was written entirely in Chinese characters, which are used to represent, at different times, Chinese, kanbun , and Old Japanese. As in other texts from this period,
4830-465: Was lost immediately following its composition.) This set of morae shrank to 67 in Early Middle Japanese , though some were added through Chinese influence. Man'yōgana also has a symbol for /je/ , which merges with /e/ before the end of the period. Several fossilizations of Old Japanese grammatical elements remain in the modern language – the genitive particle tsu (superseded by modern no )
4900-500: Was raised to town status on June 30, 1893. Shimosuwa has two public elementary schools and two public middle schools operated by the town government, and one high school operated the Nagano Prefectural Board of Education. Shimosuwa is the location of two of the shrines that make up the famous Suwa Taisha or Suwa Grand Shrine . The Harumiya (春宮) and Akimiya (秋宮) shrines are symbolically renewed every seven years during
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