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17-613: In 1873, Meiroku-sha (Meiroku Society) was founded. The main people of Meiroku-sha involved in Meiroku-sha were from Kaiseijo (later transformed into University of Tokyo ) and Keio Gijuku . In an effort to replicate the institutional landscape found in many Western nations, the leaders of the Meiji government sought to create a national academy of scholars and scientists modelled to the British Royal Society . In 1879, Nishi Amane

34-588: A system of postal savings banks in 1874. This system expanded to include money orders in 1875. In 1874, Maejima hired a foreign advisor , Samuel M. Bryan , to negotiate a postal treaty with the United States , and to assist in the admission of Japan into the Universal Postal Union in 1877. In 1878, Maejima was appointed to the Genrōin , and in 1879, he was appointed Vice Minister for Home Affairs . By

51-501: A total of thirty-three members, including Sakatani Shiroshi , Kanda Takahira , Maejima Hisoka , Nagayo Sensai , Tanaka Fujimaro , Tsuda Sen , Ōtsuki Fumihiko , and William Elliot Griffis . This membership thus included some of the most leading educators, bureaucrats, and philosophers of 19th century Japan, from a variety of backgrounds. Most had studied both Eastern Philosophy and Western Philosophy , and most had experience in living abroad. The Chinese philosophy faction felt that

68-589: The Meiji Restoration ) and officially formed on 1 February 1874, the Meirokusha was intended to “promote civilization and enlightenment”, and to introduce western ethics and the elements of western civilization to Japan. It played a prominent role in introducing and popularizing Western ideas during the early Meiji period, through public lectures and through its journal, the Meiroku zasshi . Mori had been impressed by

85-755: The Tokyo Semmon Gakkō in 1882, of which he served as principal from 1886 to 1890. The school was renamed Waseda University in 1902. Seeing the potential for profit in the rapidly expanding railroad network in Japan, in 1886 Maejima established the Kansai Railroad Company in Osaka . He followed in this career by establishing a second railroad company, the Hokuetsu Railway connecting Niigata with Naoetsu in 1894. Meanwhile. Maejima and Okuma helped establish

102-552: The Academy take responsibility for conferring the biennial Duke of Edinburgh Prize to a Japanese scientist with outstanding achievements in the area of wildlife protection and species preservation. In addition to this specific award, some 75 prizes and medals are associated with The Duke of Edinburgh. Japan Academy Medal Since 2004, the Academy has annually conferred the Japan Academy Medal . The early-Meiji era Tokyo Academy

119-441: The activities of American educational societies during his stint (1871-1873) as Japan's first envoy to the United States . He was also influenced by Horace Mann 's views on universal education . Its original members were Mori Arinori , Nishimura Shigeki , Fukuzawa Yukichi , Kato Hiroyuki , Mitsukuri Rinsho , Mitsukuri Shuhei , Nakamura Masanao , Nishi Amane , Tsuda Mamichi , and Sugi Koji . The society grew to encompass

136-500: The capital of Japan be moved from Kyoto to Edo. Ōkubo liked the gall of the upstart Maejima, and appointed him to the new Minbu-shō (Ministry for Popular Affairs) in the new Meiji government , where his outspoken attitude caught the attention of Itō Hirobumi and Ōkuma Shigenobu . He was sent to Great Britain in 1870 to study the workings of the General Post Office , and upon his return to Japan in 1871, his proposals for

153-510: The creation of a similar system in Japan were quickly approved. The Japanese post office began operation in April 1871 with a daily service linking Tokyo with Osaka , with 65 post offices in between. Maejima personally coined the Japanese word for postage stamp ( kitte ). To make the system self-supporting, and to extend the modern economic system into the Japanese countryside, Maejima also created

170-606: The main issues they debated was religious freedom and the ideal relationship between religion and the nation state. Although the Meirokusha continued to function up to around 1900, the society's influence sharply declined after it was forced to cease publishing its journal following the introduction of the Press Ordinance and the Libel Law in 1875. Maejima Hisoka Baron Maejima Hisoka ( 前島 密 , January 24, 1835 – April 27, 1919) , born Ueno Fusagorō ( 上野 房五郎 ) ,

187-815: The presence of HIM the Emperor of Japan ; and since 1990, both the Emperor and Empress have attended. Japan Academy Prize From 1911 until 1947, the academy annually conferred the Imperial Prize of the Japan Academy ( Gakushiin Onshi Shō ). Amongst past winners are Hideyo Noguchi (1915) and Tasuku Honjo (1996). After 1947, the name of the award was changed to Japan Academy Prize ( Gakushiin Shō ). Duke of Edinburgh Prize In 1987, HRH Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh suggested that

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204-501: The strength and prosperity of the western nations was built on a foundation of moral strength, and urged that Japan follow the same path. The European philosophy faction asserted that the strength and prosperity of the western nations was due to logic , science, and rationally organized and operated organizations and institutions. The pragmatist faction held that Japan had its own unique and special strengths that needed to join with both western values and western systems of government. One of

221-561: The time Maejima retired in 1881, the Japanese postal system had expanded to 5,099 post offices and was continuing to grow. While establishing the postal system, Maejima somehow also found time to start his own newspaper in 1872. The Yubin Hochi Shimbun was renamed the Hochi Shimbun in 1894, and was merged with the Yomiuri Shimbun in 1942. Not content with two careers, Maejima also found time to assist Ōkuma Shigenobu in establishing

238-625: Was a Japanese statesman, politician, and businessman in Meiji-period Japan. Maejima founded the Japanese postal service , and is known as Yūbin Seido no Chichi ( 郵便制度の父 ) , or "Father of the Postal System". Maejima was born as Ueno Fusagorō, in the village of Shimoikebe, Echigo Province (present-day the city of Jōetsu , Niigata Prefecture ). In 1866 he was adopted into the Maejima family. He

255-415: Was institutionally re-organized into an Imperial Academy in 1906; and this institution was renamed the Japan Academy in 1947: Meirokusha The Meiji 6 Society ( 明六社 , Meirokusha ) was an intellectual society in Meiji period Japan that published social-criticism journal Meiroku zasshi ( 明六雑誌 , "Meiroku Journal" ) . Proposed by statesman Mori Arinori in 1873 (six years after

272-628: Was made the head of what was then called the Tokyo Academy . In 1906 it was renamed the Imperial Academy, and in 1947 it was renamed the Japan Academy. The Imperial Prize and Japan Academy Prize are awarded to persons who have achieved notable research landmarks or who have authored outstanding academic papers or books. One of the Academy's most important functions involves conferring these prizes, which have been awarded annually since 1911. Since 1949, these prize award ceremonies have been graced by

289-479: Was sent to Edo to study rangaku , medical science and English . In the Bakumatsu period he was considered a radical reformer and proponent of westernization. In 1866, he submitted an unsolicited proposal to shōgun Tokugawa Yoshinobu that Japan abolish the use of kanji ( Chinese characters ) in its writing system. In 1868, shortly after the Meiji Restoration , he also proposed to Ōkubo Toshimichi that

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