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Jai Singh

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40-829: [REDACTED] Look up sa:जयसिंह in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Jai Singh may refer to: Jai Singh I (1611–1667), ruler of Amber kingdom in India and a Rajput general of the Mughal Empire, he was also known as Mirza Raja Jai Singh Jai Singh of Mewar (1653–1698), ruler of the Mewar kingdom in India Jai Singh II (1688–1743), ruler of Amber kingdom in India; also known as Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh Jai Singh III (1819–1835), Maharaja of Jaipur State Jai Singh Kanheya (1712–1793),

80-506: A number of his formative years in the Deccan , while his father served under two consecutive Mughal governors of the region ( Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khanan and prince Daniyal ). During the rule of Mughal emperor Akbar, Pir Khan participated in the final stages of the conquest of Bengal , fighting under the command of Raja Man Singh . He later became a favourite of prince Daniyal. In the period 1599–1604, prince Salim (later emperor Jahangir) staged

120-463: A potential threat to his kingship. He deputed Khan Jahan Lodi to recover the territories surrendered to the Nizam Shahis, but the latter met with failure. In 1629 Khan Jahan Lodi presented himself at the royal court, where Shah Jahan asked him to let go of some of his retinue. Khan Jahan Lodi spent eight terse months at court, nominally serving as governor of Malwa, until October 1629 when he fled for

160-608: A rank of 6000 zat and 6000 sowar , the second-highest rank of that era. Historian Richard Eaton notes that Jahangir held him in great confidence despite his minimal political/military accomplishments. Scholars have explained Khan Jahan Lodi's rise as part of Jahangir's strategy to conciliate and recruit Afghans into the Mughal imperial system. This group was hostile to Mughal rule in Akbar's time, and participated in key rebellions. Jahangir may have hoped that Khan Jahan Lodi's example would improve

200-653: A rebellion against Akbar from Allahabad . During this time he attempted to court Pir Khan's employment, and between 1600 and 1603 the latter threatened to leave Daniyal's service in the Deccan multiple times. He did not follow through, due to his connections in the Deccan and multiple gifts from Daniyal. This was part of a larger effort on Salim's part to recruit Afghans to his cause, on account of their hostility to Akbar's rule; Salim's interest in Pir Khan convinced other Afghans to join his cause. Following Daniyal's death, Pir Khan entered

240-598: A serious illness. Dara Shikoh's three younger brothers made preparations to seize the throne. Shah Shuja in Bengal and Murad in Gujarat crowned themselves emperors, but Aurangzeb cleverly declared his intention of merely rescuing his father for the sake of Islam. In the face of these triple dangers, Dara Shikoh now remembered Jai Singh—and the Rajput chief was made commander of 6000 and sent east along with Dara's son Sulaiman Shikoh and

280-476: A sister; Muhammad Khan was killed in the Deccan while serving under prince Daniyal. He had at least four sons, many of whom were killed during his rebellion; some of his sons included Aziz and Farid. He was a Sunni Muslim , and held an interest in Sufism . He was a charismatic individual, which may have helped facilitate his popularity with Jahangir. During the height of his career as a noble of Jahangir, he sponsored

320-453: The Berar and Balaghat regions. Granting political asylum to a rebel Mughal noble was a serious challenge to Mughal authority that Shah Jahan could not tolerate. He deputed three armies totalling 50,000 troops southwards against the Nizam Shahis, and followed suit by moving his court to Burhanpur . Khan Jahan Lodi commanded 40,000 troops. A number of destructive clashes followed, which aggravated

360-520: The Deccan famine of 1630–1632 . Khan Jahan Lodi's influence among Afghans of the subcontinent led to political upheaval at the north-west frontier, where Afghans threatened to capture Peshawar , but this was suppressed by Mughal forces. In 1630, Khan Jahan Lodi suffered a serious defeat and fled towards the Punjab , pursued by various Mughal forces. His companion Darya Rohilla Khan was slain; Khan Jahan Lodi escaped and continued to flee, but on 1 February 1631 he

400-450: The Meo robber tribes in the north of Amber, Jai Singh further increased the size of his ancestral kingdom. In 1641 he subdued the rebellion of Raja Jagat Singh Pathania of the hill-state of Mau-Paithan ( Himachal Pradesh ). In 1638 the fort of Kandahar was surrendered by its Safavid Persian commander, Ali Mardan Khan , to Shah Jahan. The emperor's son Shah Shuja , accompanied by Jai Singh,

440-563: The scorched earth of the defenders exhausted Jai Singh's food supplies and forced him to begin his retreat in January 1666. Aurangzeb held Jai Singh's son, Ram Singh I , responsible for Shivaji's escape, took away Ram Singh's estates, banished him from the court. Ram Singh was later pardoned and sent away to fight the Battle of Saraighat (1671) in faraway Assam. After the failed invasion of Bijapur by Jai singh he fell in to disfavour of Aurangzeb. He

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480-606: The Afghan general Diler Khan They triumphed over Shah Shuja at the Battle of Bahadurpur (24 February 1658) and chased him back to Bengal (May). By that time Aurangzeb had won the Battle of Dharmat (15 April 1658) and the Battle of Samugarh (29 May 1658) and captured Agra (8 June). Jai Singh and his men were stuck far in the east while their homes and families in the west were at the mercy of Aurangzeb's troops—so Jai Singh and Diler Khan advised Sulaiman Shikoh to flee while they submitted to

520-421: The Afghan view of the Mughal ruling system. Khan Jahan Lodi was not the only Afghan noble who was inducted into the imperial fold, but high appointments were rare. Historian Munis Faruqui notes that Khan Jahan Lodi's connections with Afghan networks in the empire were what prevented Afghan rebellion during the later years of Jahangir's rule. Jahangir died in 1627, leading to a war of succession among his sons

560-534: The Deccan, accompanied by some of his followers. Pursued by Mughal forces, he survived a battle near Dholpur by the Chambal River , but several of his relatives and his retinue perished. With his two remaining sons, and the aid of Jhujhar Singh Bundela , he reached the court of Murtaza Nizam Shah II , who accepted him and made him commander of the Nizam Shahi armies. He was deputed to clear Mughal insurgency from

600-483: The Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council See also [ edit ] Jayasimha (disambiguation) , another transliteration of the name Jayasinghe , a Sinhalese name Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Jai Singh . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to

640-468: The command of Shah Jahan's oldest and favorite son Dara Shikoh , a rival of Aurangzeb, and again Jai Singh was sent with this army. Dara Shikoh's campaign was marred by his military incompetence, including poor military advisors, and frequent clashes with officers who had taken part in the earlier campaigns under Aurangzeb. He repeatedly taunted Jai Singh for those failures. But when his own campaign ended with

680-536: The fall of the Lodi dynasty . On the other hand, the emperor Jahangir in his memoir Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri identifies Khan Jahan Lodi as a descendant of Daulat Khan Lodi , a governor of Lahore who betrayed the Lodi dynasty by inviting the conquest of the first Mughal ruler Babur . Jahangir's assessment may have been incorrect or fabricated to justify the promotions that Khan Jahan Lodi was receiving under his rule. Pir Khan spent

720-456: The final years of Jahangir, he colluded with the Nizam Shahi ruler and handed over the Balaghat region of the Deccan, receiving 3,00,000 huns in exchange. Khan Jahan Lodi's successful career during Jahangir's rule was unprecedented for an Afghan, and controversial among the Mughal elite. He was the highest ranking Afghan, and one of the highest ranking nobles of the empire; he had managed to reach

760-615: The founder and leader of the Kanheya Misl of India Jai Singh Prabhakar (1882–1937), Maharaja of Alwar kingdom in India Jai Arjun Singh , New Delhi–based freelance writer and journalist Jai Pal Singh (1930–1997), Indian physician and educator Jai Pratap Singh (born 1953), Indian politician in the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Jai Pal Singh (politician) , Indian politician in

800-408: The full reign of Shah Jahan and the first decade of Aurangzeb's reign. Jai Singh's military career began during the accession of Shah Jahan as the Mughal emperor in 1627. Taking advantage of the change in sovereigns, Jai Singh's commander in the Deccan, Khan Jahan Lodi , rebelled with his Afghan followers. However, Jai Singh brought away his own army to the north and then joined the campaign to defeat

840-496: The highest possible rank for any general. The Deccan Wars between the Mughal Empire and the southern sultanates had been complicated by the rise of the Maratha king Shivaji . In 1659, Shivaji killed Afzal Khan , a notable general of Bijapur. In 1664, he sacked the wealthy port city of Surat . Raja Jai Singh, who had begun his own military career in the Deccan, was appointed to lead a 14,000 strong army against Deccan sultanates and

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880-554: The highest ranking general, received rich gifts in gold and silver — both his sons, Ram Singh and Kirat Singh, were raised in rank. The latter was serving under his father, while the former was acting as his agent at the Mughal court. The invasion of Bijapur Sultanate commenced in December 1665. Jai Singh now had an army of 40,000 to which Shivaji added 7,000 infantry and 2,000 cavalry. The Bijapuris melted away before this array and Jai Singh reached within 12 miles of Bijapur city. However,

920-440: The idea of Afghan forces clustering under his name. He did advise Jahangir to immediately send an army to recover Qandahar, but this did not come to fruition. He was deputed to guard Agra during the rebellion of prince Khurram. Around 1624, he replaced the noble Mahabat Khan as guardian of the prince Parvez at Burhanpur . In 1626, he was once again appointed as governor of the Deccan. Taking advantage of political chaos in

960-642: The intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jai_Singh&oldid=1187479358 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Jai Singh I Jadonji Anand Kanwarji d.of Raja Mukund Das of Karauli Chandrawatji Roop Kanwarji of Rampura Rathorji (Bikawatji) Har Kanwarji d.of Kunwar Kishan Singh and grand-daughter of Raja Rai Singh of Bikaner Kirat Singh Hari Singh Vijay Singh Mirza Raja Jai Singh I (15 July 1611 – 28 August 1667)

1000-471: The name Khan Jahan Lodi , was an ethnic Afghan who served as a noble of the Mughal Empire . Entering the Mughal service during the reign of Mughal emperor Akbar , he enjoyed a meteoric rise under emperor Jahangir , becoming one of the empire's highest ranking nobles. Khan Jahan Lodi was the leading example of Afghan recruitment during Jahangir's reign, as Jahangir attempted to conciliate this group that

1040-401: The new emperor. Jai Singh then advised Maharaja Jaswant Singh against helping Dara Shikoh to secure his position with Aurangzeb. Despite his victories Aurangzeb did not have a secure footing on the Mughal throne, still needing the support of the leading Muslim and Rajput generals. So he pardoned Maharaja Jaswant Singh who had fought him at Dharmat and promoted Jai Singh as a commander of 7000,

1080-417: The princes. During this time, the prince Khurram approached Khan Jahan Lodi at Malwa seeking his support, but Khan Jahan Lodi declined and did not participate in the war. This was perceived as an insult given that Khan Jahan Lodi had no competing allegiance with any other prince. Khurram emerged victorious in the succession and was made emperor Shah Jahan, following which he continued to view Khan Jahan Lodi as

1120-573: The rebels. Jai Singh was made a commander of 4000 for his service. In 1636 Shah Jahan organized a grand campaign against the Deccan sultanates in which Jai Singh played a leading part—later this same army was sent to campaign against the Gond kingdoms. For his part in these successful ventures Jai Singh was promoted to the rank of commander of 5000 and the Chatsu district in Ajmer was added to his kingdom. By defeating

1160-692: The rising Marathas. After winning several forts in Maharashtra from Shivaji, he besieged the Purandar Fort and forced Shivaji to sign the Treaty of Purandar in 1665. Jai Singh convinced Shivaji to come to terms and join him in an invasion of Bijapur which would be beneficial for both the Marathas and Mughals. According to Jadunath Sarkar, Jai Singh not only spared the prisoners of war but also gave rewards to those who fought bravely. For this triumph Jai Singh, already

1200-497: The same result, the Mughals finally gave up all attempts to recover Kandahar. Dara Shikoh continued his hostility towards Jai Singh on their return to Agra. No promotions or awards were given to the veteran general for skillfully covering the army's retreat. Instead Jaswant Singh of the rival Rathor clan was made commander of 6000 and received the superlative title of Maharaja . In 1657, Emperor Shah Jahan became incapacitated due to

1240-500: The service of Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khanan. Salim ascended the throne as emperor Jahangir in 1605, following which Pir Khan was summoned to the court. Presenting himself to the emperor at Lahore in April 1607, he was soon after awarded the title "Salabat Khan" ( lit.   ' The Steadfast Khan ' ) and had his rank raised to 3000 zat and 1500 sowar . A year later, he had his rank further raised to 5000 zat and 5000 sowar , and awarded

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1280-423: The title 'Khan-i-Jahan' ( lit.   ' Khan of the world ' ). The Tarikh-i-Khan-Jahani attributes these imperial favours to the increasing closeness between Khan Jahan Lodi and the emperor. He was even allowed audience with the emperor in the gusalkhana (bath), an honour granted to only a few trusted nobles. From 1609, Khan Jahan Lodi served as governor of the Deccan, an important position. In 1611, he

1320-552: The topic. Khan Jahan Lodi, originally named Pir Khan, was the son of Daulat Khan Lodi, a minor noble during the reign of Akbar. According to his biography in the Tarikh-i-Khan-Jahani , he was descended from a clan in the region of Roh , and his ancestors migrated into the Indian subcontinent during the rule of Sikandar Lodi . They subsequently served in the offices and military of different Indian rulers, facing difficulties from

1360-574: Was cornered and killed by a Rajput officer named Madho Singh in Sihanda, a place in central India. After his death, his head was cut off from his body and sent to Burhanpur, where it was received by Shah Jahan during a boat ride on the Tapti River . Richard Eaton has characterised Khan Jahan Lodi's rebellion as one of the most serious from a noble in Mughal history, albeit successfully quelled. Khan Jahan Lodi had an elder brother named Muhammad Khan, and

1400-509: Was deputed to lead an army against the Nizam Shahi city of Daulatabad , but failed to capture it. In 1620, his influence increased when he was appointed governor of Multan . During his tenure, Qandahar was captured by the Safavids in 1622. After the fall of Qandahar, a number of Afghan tribesmen approached Khan Jahan Lodi and offered their support in leading a retaliation against the Safavids. Khan Jahan Lodi refused, fearing imperial backlash at

1440-487: Was hitherto hostile to Mughal rule. Khan Jahan Lodi fell out of imperial favour with the accession of Shah Jahan and rebelled against the ruler, resulting in his capture and execution in the early 1630s. His rebellion was a major event of Shah Jahan's early rule. During his lifetime, Khan Jahan Lodi sponsored the Tarikh-i-Khan-Jahani , a written ethno-history of the Afghans which was highly influential on subsequent works about

1480-458: Was recovered by Shah Abbas II . In the ensuing Mughal-Safavid War the Mughals twice attempted to eject the Persians from Kandahar under the command of Prince Aurangzeb (in 1649 and 1652) —on both occasions Jai Singh was present as an army commander, but the attempts failed due to the lack of adequate artillery and poor marksmanship of the Mughal gunners. A third grand attempt was made in 1653 under

1520-560: Was replaced by Muazzam as viceroy of Deccan. He was recalled to royal court. On the way Jai Singh died in Burhanpur on 28 August 1667. The fortunes of his family sank low in the next two generations, but were revived later by Jai Singh II . Aurangzeb erected the Chhatri (cenotaph) at the bank of Tapti River in Burhanpur in honour of Jai Singh I, now called "Raja Ki Chhatri". Khan Jahan Lodi Pir Khan (died 3 February 1631), known by

1560-709: Was sent to take possession of the important fort. To overawe the Persian Shah from interfering in this task, Shah Jahan assembled a 50,000 strong army in Kabul. On this occasion Jai Singh received the unique title of Mirza Raja from Shah Jahan, which had earlier been given to his grandfather Raja Man Singh I of Amber by Emperor Akbar . In 1647, Jai Singh joined in Shah Jahan's invasions of Balkh and Badakhshan in Central Asia . In 1649, in another blow to Mughal prestige—Kandahar

1600-659: Was the senior most general (" Mirza Raja ") and a high ranking mansabdar at the imperial court of Mughal Empire as well as the Kachwaha Rajput ruler of the Kingdom of Amber (later called Jaipur ). His predecessor was his grand uncle, Mirza Raja Bhau Singh , the younger son of Mirza Raja Man Singh I . At the age of 10, Jai Singh I became the Raja of Amber and the head of the Kachwaha Rajputs . His military career spans

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