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19-548: It is centered on the former Jacupiranga State Park . The Jacupiranga Mosaic was created by state law 12.810 of 21 February 2008 with a total area of 243,885.78 hectares (602,654.9 acres), including 14 conservation units and 2 planned Private natural heritage reserves . It was the fifth mosaic to be created in Brazil, and was intended to reconcile sustainable economic development with conservation objectives. The Jacupiranga State Park, which had an area of 140,000 hectares (350,000 acres),

38-886: Is 1,675 millimetres (65.9 in) in the Vale do Ribeira tectonic depression, 2,023 millimetres (79.6 in) in the Serra de Paranapiacaba and 1,385 millimetres (54.5 in) on the Guapiara Plateau. Vegetation is mainly rainforest. Towards the center of the park, where the Serra de Paranapiacaba forms the watershed between the Ribeira do Iguape and Paranapanema basins, more of the flora belong to seasonal semi-deciduous forest. Fauna include 751 species of invertebrates, 49 fish, 101 amphibians, 44 reptiles, 379 birds and 121 mammals, including 325 species of special interest for conservation. The administrative, maintenance and operational support infrastructure

57-439: Is concentrated at the headquarters. It includes four lodgings with a capacity of 100 guests, a restaurant, an environmental monitoring center, soccer fields, a playground, housing for researchers and staff residences. From the headquarters there are short and medium-length trails that give access to waterfalls, caves and belvederes, with stretches of forest in a good state of conservation. Visitors may engage in bird watching. From

76-620: The Caverna do Diabo, Rio Turvo and Lagamar Cananéia state parks were to be relocated to the sustainable use units, so the forest remnants could be protected.. The Jacupiranga Mosaic includes the following conservation units: Jacupiranga State Park The Jacupiranga State Park ( Portuguese : Parque Estadual de Jacupiranga ) was a state park in São Paulo , Brazil . It covered a large, mountainous region that included untouched Atlantic Forest and land occupied by traditional communities. When

95-607: The Fazenda Intervales (Intervalley Farm), which was managed by Banco Banespa until 1986. From 1987 it was managed as a park by the Forest Foundation. 97% of the park was the former farm, owned by the Forest Foundation, and the remainder was vacant land owned by the state. A 1991 UNESCO resolution included the fazenda in the nucleus of the Atlantic Forest Biosphere Reserve . The Intervales State Park

114-748: The State of São Paulo in June 2007. After negotiations and adjustments the plan was approved by the legislature on 20 December 2007. On 21 February 2008 the Jacupiranga State Park was dissolved and replaced by the much larger Jacupiranga Mosaic , containing three state parks and 11 other conservation units. The state parks were the Caverna do Diabo State Park , Rio Turvo State Park and the Lagamar de Cananéia State Park . The quilombola communities that had formerly been in

133-520: The boundaries of the Jacupiranga State Park to exclude the quilombola communities of Nhunguara, Sapatu and André Lopes, and the Intervales State Park to exclude the quilombola communities of Pilões, Maria Rosa, São Pedro, Ivaporunduva and Pedro Cubas. These communities were included in the Serra do Mar Environmental Protection Area (APA). With a worsening situation in the remaining park area, at

152-609: The central region of the Serra de Paranapiacaba Mosaic , which has over 120,000 hectares (300,000 acres) and contains the largest remaining area of Atlantic Forest in Brazil. Other conservation units in the mosaic are the Carlos Botelho State Park , Alto Ribeira Tourist State Park , Nascentes do Paranapanema State Park , Caverna do Diabo State Park , Xitué Ecological Station , Serra do Mar Environmental Protection Area and Quilombos do Médio Ribeira Environmental Protection Area . The Intervales State Park originated with

171-556: The land at between 700 and 900 metres (2,300 and 3,000 ft). A few isolated peaks in the Serra do Mar reached greater altitudes. The region contains a large number of medium-sized caves, and the park held six caves with tourist potential. The Caverna do Diabo is a major tourist attraction. The area also contains archaeological sites such as sambaquis . The area contains large tracts of Atlantic Forest . Vegetation includes dense rainforest, dense rainforest with limestone outcrops, restinga forest and sandy restinga . The forest

190-405: The municipality of Ribeirão Grande , São Paulo. It includes parts of the municipalities of Ribeirão Grande : 147.31 hectares (364.0 acres), Guapiara : 310.12 hectares (766.3 acres), Sete Barras : 1,525.58 hectares (3,769.8 acres), Iporanga : 20,481 hectares (50,610 acres) and Eldorado : 16,660 hectares (41,200 acres). It has a total area of 41,704.27 hectares (103,053.5 acres). The park forms

209-466: The park was created in 1969 the residents could no longer legally practice sustainable farming and extraction of forest resources, leading to land use conflicts, which mounted as the BR-116 highway opened the park to squatters from elsewhere. Eventually, in 2008 the park was combined with surrounding territory and broken up into three smaller state parks and various other units in which sustainable development

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228-483: The request of the communities an attempt was made to introduce a bill to resolve the land conflicts in 2003, but it was vetoed by the state government as being insufficient and ineffective. A working group was then formed with representatives of government and non-government bodies, chaired by the president of the Atlantic Forest Biosphere Reserve , which presented its recommendations to the Legislative Assembly of

247-595: The state park, and then in the Serra do Mar APA were made part of the Quilombos do Médio Ribeira Environmental Protection Area . Intervales State Park The Intervales State Park ( Portuguese : Parque Estadual Intervales ) is a state park in the state of São Paulo , Brazil. It protects an area of Atlantic Forest , including parts of the Serra de Paranapiacaba and the Ribeira de Iguape and Paranapanema river basins. The Intervales State Park has its headquarters in

266-483: The top of the Serra de Paranapiacaba between the basins of the Ribeira de Iguape and Paranapanema rivers. In the municipality of Ribeirão Grande the terrain is mountainous, with altitudes from 900 to 1,200 metres (3,000 to 3,900 ft). There are many caves, and rich biodiversity. In the municipality of Sete Barras the terrain is still mostly mountainous but has extensive floodplains, with altitudes from 80 to 900 metres (260 to 2,950 ft). Average annual rainfall

285-434: Was allowed. The Jacupiranga State Park was divided between the municipalities of Barra do Turvo , Cajati , Cananéia , Eldorado , Iporanga and Jacupiranga , in the Vale do Ribeira region of the, south of the State of São Paulo. Most of the park was in the Ribeira de Iguape River basin. It had an area of about 150,000 hectares (370,000 acres). Altitudes ranged from 10 to 1,310 metres (33 to 4,298 ft), with most of

304-480: Was classed as IUCN protected area category II (national park). It was part of the Lagamar Mosaic . Much of the state park was made of areas inhabited by traditional communities, who were no longer able to legally carry out sustainable activities. Various conflicts arose over land use, and these intensified with the arrival of other squatters and grileiros making fake land deeds. Law 10.850 of 6 July 2001 altered

323-403: Was expanded to 154,872.17 hectares (382,697.5 acres) and subdivided into three state parks , Caverna do Diabo , Rio Turvo and Lagamar de Cananéia . The law created five sustainable development reserves and one extractive reserve , totaling 13,793.32 hectares (34,084.0 acres) and four environmental protection areas totaling 73,558.09 hectares (181,766.0 acres). The remaining residents in

342-416: Was formally created by state decree 40.135 of 8 June 1995. In 1999 UNESCO declared it as a Natural World Heritage Site . The park boundaries were altered by decrees 44.293 of 1999 and law 10.850 of 2001. As of 2008 the park was well staffed, with 92 personnel in different roles. There were about 9,000 visitors each year. The name Intervales means "between the valleys", and refers to the park's location on

361-519: Was not continuous, and was subject to intense pressures from residents around and within the park. It was cut by several roads and highways, the largest being the Regis Bittencourt Highway ( BR-116 ). Most of the communities in the park were established when this highway was opened, Others were traditional communities such as quilombolas and caiçaras . The Jacupiranga State Park was created by decree-law 145 of 8 August 1969. The park

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