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43-470: In 1840, the J.B. Williams Company in Glastonbury, Connecticut , manufactured soap under the name Ivorine. Williams decided to focus on its shaving soap and sold Ivorine to Procter & Gamble, which later developed Ivory. In 1879, James Norris Gamble, son of Procter & Gamble co-founder James Gamble and a trained chemist, developed an inexpensive white soap. The name Ivory was created by Harley Procter,

86-451: A humid continental climate (Dfa). However, the rural parts of the town, at an elevation of 800 feet near Bolton and Hebron , experience a colder climate which straddles the (Dfa) and (Dfb) lines. As of the census of 2020, the racial makeup of the town was 82.8% White , 1.7% African American , 0.2% Native American , 9.1% Asian , 0.3% Pacific Islander , and 4.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.6% of

129-511: A "skin care bar" that would address customer complaints about dryness but would not float like the original. In October 2001, P&G tested the sinking bar soap as part of an advertising campaign in the United States, in a six-month plan to release 1,051 soap bars that sink, among other bars that float, to see if people would notice the sinking bars, even if given a cash reward of up to $ 250,000. The D. L. Blair company, part of Draft Worldwide ,

172-536: A bird headed for the dinner table. In 1948, the Saglio Brothers formed Arbor Acres and produced a broiler chicken that A&P Food Stores awarded the title "Chicken of Tomorrow". By 1958, Arbor Acres was selling globally. Today the brand is owned by Aviagen . In 1977, Henry Saglio was inducted into the Poultry Hall of Fame. Glastonbury was also a major grower of broad-leaf tobacco. This agricultural tradition

215-501: A formula that satisfied him, he moved his business to Glastenbury. Two years later, he was joined by his brother, William Stuart Williams. They formed what is believed to be the world's first commercial soap manufacturing business. Although shaving soap was their first product, they also made ink and shoe blacking. The J.B. Williams Company's products included Williams 'Lectric Shave and Aqua Velva . Over time, J.B. Williams expanded to Montreal (around 1922), England , and Argentina . When

258-542: A household in the town was $ 130,294. The per capita income for the town was $ 64,200. Approximately 3.7% of the population were below the poverty line . Top employers in Glastonbury according to the town's 2023 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report Glastonbury has the second-highest number of genuine colonial houses of any U.S. town. There are 154 houses built before 1800; only Marblehead, Massachusetts , has more, with over 200. Newport, Rhode Island , has over 300, but it

301-465: A standard procedure. However, company records indicate that the design of Ivory did not come about by accident. In 2004, over 100 years later, the P&;G company archivist Ed Rider found documentation that revealed that James N. Gamble, who was a chemist, had discovered how to make the soap float and noted the result in his writings. In October 1992, Procter & Gamble market-tested a new Ivory formula,

344-499: A unit of the Interpublic Group of Companies , was assigned to administer the contest. Ivory is currently a small brand by P&G standards. The Ivory brand includes the classic bar soap, clear liquid soap (discontinued before 2016), hair and body wash, dish liquid, and a mild laundry detergent (not a soap) product called Ivory Snow. Research in 2001 by Lehman Brothers revealed that the U.S. sales of all Ivory products, including

387-636: Is a city, not a town. Four houses in Glastonbury are from the 1600s. The town's oldest house, the John Hollister House , was built around 1675. It is one of Connecticut's five oldest houses, and one of the oldest in the nation. The most notable town event is the CT River Valley Chamber of Commerce (formerly the Glastonbury Chamber of Commerce) Apple Harvest & Music Festival, or "Apple Fest". The festival occurs every October during

430-471: Is a major body component of animals. In humans, one analysis found it to make up 21–30% (molar) of human depot fat , and it is a major, but highly variable, lipid component of human breast milk . Palmitate negatively feeds back on acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), which is responsible for converting acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA , which in turn is used to add to the growing acyl chain , thus preventing further palmitate generation. Some proteins are modified by

473-600: Is carried on by the orchards and berry farms on its hills. In 1993, Billy Joel filmed part of the video for his song " The River of Dreams " in a barn in South Glastonbury. The video also has a scene with the Rocky Hill-Glastonbury Ferry . According to the United States Census Bureau , the town has an area of 52.2 square miles (135.2 km ), of which 51.3 square miles (132.8 km )

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516-482: Is land and 0.93 square miles (2.4 km ), or 1.76%, is water. The Glastonbury Center CDP has an area of 4.9 square miles (12.7 km ), of which 3.30% is water. The town begins on the banks of the Connecticut River and extends up into foothills, many of which provide a view of Hartford's skyline. Some major developments in the town are built entirely on relatively steep hills, such as Minnechaug Mountain,

559-499: Is named "Ivorydale". Ivory's first slogan, "It Floats!", was introduced in 1891. The product's other well-known slogan, " 99 + 44 ⁄ 100 % Pure", which was in use by 1895, was based on the results of an analysis by an independent laboratory that Harley Procter hired to demonstrate that Ivory was purer than the castile soap available at the time. The original Ivory bar soap was whipped with air in its production and floated in water, although P&G discontinued this version of

602-424: Is present in milk , butter , cheese , and some meats , as well as cocoa butter , olive oil , soybean oil , and sunflower oil , (see table). Karukas contain 44.90% palmitic acid. The cetyl ester of palmitic acid, cetyl palmitate , occurs in spermaceti . Palmitic acid is the first fatty acid produced during fatty acid synthesis and is the precursor to longer fatty acids. As a consequence, palmitic acid

645-466: Is sometimes considered a detergent instead of a soap. New varieties of Ivory soap contain new ingredients. Simply Ivory (French: simplement ivory ) contains sodium tallowate and/or sodium palmate , water, sodium cocoate or sodium palm kernelate, glycerin, sodium chloride, fragrance, and one or more of the following: coconut acid , palm kernel acid , tallow acid, palmitic acid , and tetrasodium EDTA . Adding glycerol and fatty acids typically reduces

688-470: Is treated with sodium hydroxide (in the form of caustic soda or lye), which causes hydrolysis of the ester groups, yielding glycerol and sodium palmitate. Because it is inexpensive and adds texture and " mouthfeel " to processed foods ( convenience food ), palmitic acid and its sodium salt find wide use in foodstuffs. Sodium palmitate is permitted as a natural additive in organic products. Aluminium salts of palmitic acid and naphthenic acid were

731-541: The Connecticut River , bought from the Native American chief Sowheag for 12 yards (11 m) of trading cloth. In 1672, the General Court granted Wethersfield and Hartford permission to extend Pyaug's boundary line 5 miles (8 km) to the east. By 1690, Wethersfield had permitted Pyaug residents to form a separate town and, the town of Glassenbury was created in 1693. The ties have not been completely broken:

774-626: The Glastonbury River Runners , a local running club. Founded in 2008 by Rich Baber, the club now has 230+ members. The annual Glastonbury Art Walk, a joint project of the Town Center Initiative and Glastonbury Art Guild , showcases local artists' work in businesses all over the town center. In 1993, to celebrate the 300th anniversary of the town's founding, an exchange of bands was made between Glastonbury , England, and Glastonbury, Connecticut, resulting in Glastonbury's hosting

817-406: The oldest continuously operating ferry in the United States still runs between South Glastonbury and Rocky Hill, also then part of Wethersfield, as it did as far back as 1655. One result of being split off from Wethersfield was that the town was built along a main road, rather than around the large green that anchors most New England towns. After part of New London Turnpike was realigned to eliminate

860-619: The Connecticut River, it had reliable waterpower and nearby hardwood forests of oak. Sawmills, charcoal kilns, and foundries developed around the shipyards to process timber and other goods for their needs. As shipbuilding was ending, the early industrial beginning continued. The J.B. Williams Soap Factory started in 1840 in James B. Williams's drugstore in Manchester, where he experimented with chemical formulas for shaving soap. When he had produced

903-600: The Glastonbury Brass Band for several performances. Glastonbury is home to several plazas that include shops and restaurants, including Eric Town Square, The Griswold Shopping Center, and Somerset Square. Residents are also known to enjoy the orchards of South Glastonbury, most of which are along the Matson Hill road and Woodland Street area of town. There, guests can buy and pick their own freshly and locally grown produce and fruits, such as blueberries and pumpkins. In

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946-471: The Grange pool, Eastbury Pond, an indoor pool at Glastonbury High School, and a pool at Addison Park. Cotton Hollow Nature Preserve is in South Glastonbury and is open to residents for fishing and hiking. It is spread out across 80 acres and during the 18th and 19th centuries was home to several mills, which no longer stand, except for the ruins of the cotton mill built in 1814. The stream of water that runs through

989-615: The Peach King for developing a peach that could withstand New England winters and was disease-resistant, as well as for his operations' large, national scale. He also had land in Georgia and was the first Glastonbury industry to establish a branch outside the state. A marketing pioneer, Hale shipped peaches to markets all over the country. The orchard that started with 1-acre (4,000 m ) in 1866 grew to more than 1,200 acres (5 km ) by 1900. Hale never went beyond grade school, but he initiated

1032-427: The addition of a palmitoyl group in a process known as palmitoylation . Palmitoylation is important for localisation of many membrane proteins . Palmitic acid is used to produce soaps , cosmetics , and industrial mold release agents . These applications use sodium palmitate , which is commonly obtained by saponification of palm oil. To this end, palm oil, rendered from palm trees (species Elaeis guineensis ),

1075-585: The apple harvest season. It is a town-wide event lasting three days that includes live music, a 5K road race, various rides, attractions, and vendors specializing in handmade crafts. Other events include the Under a Strawberry Moon Festival in June and various events held by the local Town Center Initiative. The Glastonbury Youth and Family Services' Creative Experiences puts on annual drama productions and family events. Popular sporting events include three 5K races organized by

1118-559: The business was sold in 1957, ten former employees organized Glastonbury Toiletries and continued operation into the 1970s. J. B. Williams Park , on Neipsic Road, is named for James B. Williams. Remaining parts of the industrial complex have been adapted for use as the Soap Factory Condominiums. Another portion was occupied by the Glastonbury Board of Education office and is now occupied by a translation company. In 1870,

1161-535: The first hospital shortly after the Revolution to combat and treat smallpox . By the end of the Revolution, there were ten schools, formed one by one during the 18th century. During the American Revolution , George Stocking's gunpowder factory operated in the town. In 1785, the town residents renamed Glassenbury to Glastenbury. In the 18th and early 19th centuries, Glastenbury was a shipbuilding town. Located on

1204-657: The founding of Storrs Agricultural College, now the University of Connecticut . He helped to organize the Glastonbury Grange and the State Grange. His home, at the intersection of Main Street and Route 17 , has been adapted in the 20th century for use first as a restaurant and, more recently, for business offices. Henry Saglio began a pioneering effort to breed a white chicken, because black pinfeathers were difficult to pluck from

1247-505: The lake is limited to members of the Diamond Lake Property Owners Association. Glastonbury has one of the largest state forests, Meshomasic State Forest , a popular area for hiking, fishing, and hunting. Glastonbury borders the town and cities of East Hartford , Wethersfield , Rocky Hill , Cromwell , Portland , East Hampton , Marlborough , Hebron , Bolton , and Manchester . The town center experiences

1290-599: The liquid soap and dish detergent, represented less than 1% of P&G's total worldwide sales in the 52 weeks ended September 9, 2001. A classic Ivory soap bar contains sodium tallowate , sodium cocoate or sodium palm kernelate, water , sodium chloride , sodium silicate , magnesium sulfate , and fragrance . The soap has a determined pH value of 9.5. Ivory dishwashing liquid contains water, sodium lauryl sulfate , sodium laureth sulfate , alkyl dimethyl amine oxide , sodium chloride, PPG-26 , cyclohexanediamine , phenoxyethanol , methylisothiazolinone , and fragrance. It

1333-444: The major residential area developed from the 1970s until late 1990s. Part of Glastonbury resides in an area called Kongscut Mountain, locally called Rattlesnake Mountain, because it has a small population of timber rattlesnakes . Since that area is sparsely developed and mostly in a state forest, the snakes pose little threat. The town has a small private lake, Diamond Lake, surrounded by growing subdivisions of large homes. Access to

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1376-531: The number of carbon-carbon double bonds) is 16:0. It is a major component of palm oil from the fruit of Elaeis guineensis ( oil palms ), making up to 44% of total fats. Meats, cheeses, butter, and other dairy products also contain palmitic acid, amounting to 50–60% of total fats. Palmitates are the salts and esters of palmitic acid. The palmitate anion is the observed form of palmitic acid at physiologic pH (7.4). Major sources of C16:0 are palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, and milk fat. Palmitic acid

1419-550: The other founder's son, who was inspired by the quote "[a]ll thy garments smell of myrrh and aloes and cassia out of the ivory palaces", from Psalm 45 of the Bible . In September 1879, Procter & Gamble trademarked "Ivory" as the name of its new soap product. As Ivory is one of P&G's oldest products – it was first sold in 1879 – P&G is sometimes called "Ivory Towers", and its factory and research center in St. Bernard, Ohio ,

1462-402: The population. There were 35,159 people and 14,078 households. The population density was 685.9 inhabitants per square mile. There were 12,614 housing units at an average density of 245.5 per square mile (94.8/km ). In the town, the population was spread out, with 4.8% under the age of 5, 20.8% under 18, and 20.0% 65 years of age or older. Women were 51% of the population. The median income for

1505-895: The preserve is known as Roaring Brook. Glastonbury is also home to several parks open to residents, including Addison Park, Blackledge Falls, Buckingham Park, Butler Field, Center Green, Earle Park, Cotton Hollow Preserve, Eastbury Pond, Ferry Landing, Grange Pool, Great Pond Reserve, Hubbard Green, Riverfront Park, Salmon Brook Park, Shoddy Mill Preserve, and J.B. Williams Park. Glastonbury has five elementary schools: Buttonball Lane School, Hebron Avenue School, Hopewell School, Naubuc School, and Nayaug School. A sixth, Eastbury School, closed in 2018. Each school has between 288 and 608 students. There are two middle schools. Gideon Welles School has just over 500 students in 6th grade, and Smith Middle School has 1,035 students in 7th and 8th grades. The town's high school, Glastonbury High School , has 2,173 students as of October 2013. Glastonbury's school system

1548-540: The rotary in the middle of town during the mid-20th century, a small green was established there. During the American Revolutionary War , several homes were used to hold classes from Yale University . Noah Webster was a student in these classes; later he taught at one of the town's one-room schoolhouses. Glassenbury freed its slaves in the 1780s, 60 years before Connecticut formally abolished slavery. The town organized its first library in 1803. It organized

1591-421: The soap in 2023, and the new version no longer floats. According to an apocryphal story, later discounted by the company, a worker accidentally left the mixing machine on too long, and the company chose to sell the "ruined" batch because the added air did not change the basic ingredients of the soap. When appreciative letters about the new, floating soap inundated the company, P&G ordered the extended mix time as

1634-541: The soap's harshness, while tetrasodium EDTA is used primarily to reduce soap scum formation. Ivory soap packaging has omitted the words "soap" or "float", and is now produced with modified formulas; Ivory soap no longer floats. Glastonbury, Connecticut Glastonbury ( / ˈ ɡ l æ s t ən b ɛr i / GLAST -ən-berr-ee ) is a town in the Capitol Planning Region , Connecticut, United States, formally founded in 1693 and first settled in 1636. It

1677-574: The town's name was changed from Glastenbury to Glastonbury, to match Glastonbury , England . During the World Wars, Glastonbury factories supplied leather and woolen goods to the military of Belgium , France , Great Britain , Italy , and the United States. In addition, Glastonbury has been a center for feldspar mills, cotton mills, paper mills, and silver plate factories. It also had an airplane building industry. J.H. Hale Orchards began operations in 1866 in Glastonbury. John Howard Hale became known as

1720-411: The winter, some locations sell Christmas trees. The town has four private pool and tennis clubs: Minnechaug, Orchard Hill, Woodledge, and Pinebrook. Glastonbury also has a private country club with a golf course, Glastonbury Hills Country Club. The town's other golf course is the nine-hole Minnechaug Golf Course, at the base of Minnechaug Mountain and owned by the town. Public aquatic facilities include

1763-414: Was discovered by Edmond Frémy (in 1840) in the saponification of palm oil, which process remains today the primary industrial route for producing the acid. Triglycerides (fats) in palm oil are hydrolysed by high-temperature water and the resulting mixture is fractionally distilled . Palmitic acid is produced by a wide range of plants and organisms, typically at low levels. Among common foods it

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1806-504: Was named after Glastonbury in Somerset , England . Glastonbury is on the banks of the Connecticut River , 7 miles (11 km) southeast of Hartford . The town center is defined by the U.S. Census Bureau as a census-designated place (CDP). The population was 35,159 at the 2020 census . In 1636, 30 families settled in Pyaug, a tract of land belonging to Wethersfield on the eastern bank of

1849-458: Was referenced in episode 563, Act 2, of the radio show This American Life . Sodium palmate Palmitic acid ( hexadecanoic acid in IUPAC nomenclature ) is a fatty acid with a 16-carbon chain. It is the most common saturated fatty acid found in animals, plants and microorganisms. Its chemical formula is CH 3 (CH 2 ) 14 COOH , and its C:D ratio (the total number of carbon atoms to

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