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35-572: Itami is located in south-eastern Hyōgo Prefecture , with the Ina River to the east and the Muko River to the west. The city area is a flat, undulating gentle terrain throughout. JR West Japan JR Takarazuka Line (also known as the Fukuchiyama Line ) and Hankyū Itami Line traverse north and south. It is roughly 10 km (6.2 mi) from Osaka and contacts Kawanishi in the north, Takarazuka in

70-540: A North Korean school in Itami: Itami Korean Elementary School ( 伊丹朝鮮初級学校 ). Most of Osaka International Airport is located in Itami (hence its common name "Itami Airport"); it is Osaka's primary domestic airport, after all international flights and some domestic flights shifted to Kansai International Airport in 1994. Despite the airport's association with Itami, the terminal complex is located in

105-510: A mixed economy of commerce, industry and is also a commuter town for Osaka. The history of sake brewing in Itami is very old, having been done since the Muromachi period . In the Itami area, a method of brewing clear and colorless Japanese rice wine, now known as sake , was discovered. In the Edo period , the sake brewed in Itami was popular. Sake remains a significant contributor to

140-498: Is 15.0 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1475 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 26.9 °C, and lowest in January, at around 3.7 °C. Per Japanese census data, the population of Itami has been increasing steadily since the 1950s. The area of modern Itami is part of ancient Settsu Province and the hilly area

175-420: Is a populated area that is primarily residential rather than commercial or industrial. Routine travel from home to work and back is called commuting , which is where the term comes from. A commuter town may be called by many other terms: " bedroom community " (Canada and northeastern US), " bedroom town ", " bedroom suburb " (US), " dormitory town " (UK). The term " exurb " was used from the 1950s, but since 2006,

210-482: Is an island that separates the Inland Sea and Osaka Bay , lying between Honshu and Shikoku . Summertime weather throughout Hyōgo is hot and humid. As for winter conditions, the north of Hyōgo tends to receive abundant snow, whilst the south receives only the occasional flurry. Hyōgo borders on Osaka Prefecture , Kyoto Prefecture , Tottori Prefecture and Okayama Prefecture . As of 31 March 2008, 20% of

245-602: Is called the Itami plateau, between the Ina River and the Muko River have been continuously inhabited since the Japanese Paleolithic period. Stone tools , Jomon pottery and Yayoi pottery and settlement traces have been found in several areas within the city limits, and rice cultivation was done in the area from ancient times. The area also has many kofun burial mounds , including the Gogadzuka Kofun ( 御願塚古墳 ) and Kashiwagi Kofun , which were built during

280-880: Is generally used for areas beyond suburbs and specifically less densely built than the suburbs to which the exurbs' residents commute. Often commuter towns form when workers in a region cannot afford to live where they work and must seek residency in another town with a lower cost of living . The late 20th century, the dot-com bubble and United States housing bubble drove housing costs in Californian metropolitan areas to historic highs, spawning exurban growth in adjacent counties. Workers with jobs in San Francisco found themselves moving further and further away to nearby cities like Oakland, Burlingame, and San Mateo. As rental and housing costs kept increasing, even renters that would normally be considered affluent elsewhere would struggle with

315-633: Is in Harima. There are 163 public and 52 private high schools within Hyogo prefecture. Of the public high schools, some are administered by the Hyogo prefectural government, whilst the others are administered by local municipalities. The sports teams listed below are based in Hyōgo. Baseball Basketball Football (soccer) Rugby Volleyball A popular troupe of Takarazuka Revue plays in Takarazuka . Arima Onsen in

350-446: Is now the city of Kobe. There the capital remained for five months. Himeji Castle , a UNESCO World Heritage Site , is in the city of Himeji. Southern Hyōgo Prefecture was severely devastated by the 6.9 Mw Great Hanshin earthquake of 1995, which destroyed major parts of Kobe and Awaji , as well as Nishinomiya and Ashiya and the neighboring Osaka Prefecture , killing nearly 6,500 people. Hyōgo has coastlines on two seas: to

385-543: Is quite different from North American commuter towns that are almost exclusively the result of transportation by car. Where commuters are wealthier and small town housing markets are weaker than city housing markets, the development of a bedroom community may raise local housing prices and attract upscale service businesses in a process akin to gentrification . Long-time residents may be displaced by new commuter residents due to rising house prices. This can also be influenced by zoning restrictions in urbanized areas that prevent

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420-635: The Brookings Institution in 2006, the term is generally used for areas beyond suburbs and specifically less densely built than the suburbs to which the exurbs' residents commute. Comparatively low density towns – often featuring large lots and large homes – create heavy motor vehicle dependency . "They begin as embryonic subdivisions of a few hundred homes at the far edge of beyond, surrounded by scrub. Then, they grow – first gradually, but soon with explosive force – attracting stores, creating jobs and struggling to keep pace with

455-650: The Kansai region of Honshu . Hyōgo Prefecture has a population of 5,469,762 (as of 1 June 2019 ) and a geographic area of 8,400 square kilometres (3,200 square miles). Hyōgo Prefecture borders Kyoto Prefecture to the east, Osaka Prefecture to the southeast, and Okayama and Tottori prefectures to the west. Kobe is the capital and largest city of Hyōgo Prefecture, and the seventh-largest city in Japan, with other major cities including Himeji , Nishinomiya , and Amagasaki . Hyōgo Prefecture's mainland stretches from

490-697: The Kofun period . The names 'Inano', 'Inabe' and 'Ina Prefecture', all of appear to be variants of 'Itami' appear in the Nihon Shoki and in waka poems from the Nara and Heian periods . In the northern part of the city, the Itami temple ruins date from between the Nara period to the Kamakura period . The center of Itami became a wealthy castle town by the middle of Sengoku period with

525-561: The Sea of Japan to the Seto Inland Sea , where Awaji Island and a small archipelago of islands belonging to the prefecture are located. Hyōgo Prefecture is a major economic center, transportation hub , and tourist destination in western Japan, with 20% of the prefecture's land area designated as Natural Parks . Hyōgo Prefecture forms part of the Kobe metropolitan area and Osaka metropolitan area ,

560-666: The Hyōgo Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is in the Hyōgo 6th districts of the lower house of the Diet of Japan . Together with the adjacent Yamamoto district of Takarazuka, the horticultural industry in Itami is one of the three major plant production areas in Japan. The cherry trees planted along the Potomac River in the United States were grown using Itami cherry trees as rootstocks.The city has

595-566: The UK , both the national railway's tracks, trains, stations and real estate were included in the privatization agreements. Japan's privately operated railroads view real estate investment and development of commuter towns as central to their business model. These railroads continuously develop new residential and commercial areas alongside their existing and new routes and stations and adjust their train schedules in order to provide existing and prospective commuters with convenient work-commute routines. This

630-589: The United States on October 22, 1963, the first such arrangement between Japan and the United States. In 1981, a sister state agreement was drawn up between Hyogo and the state of Western Australia in Australia . To commemorate the 10th anniversary of this agreement in 1992, the Hyogo Prefectural Government Cultural Centre was established in Perth . Commuter town A commuter town

665-876: The brunt of the public operating budget in higher property or income taxes . Such municipalities may scramble to encourage commercial growth once an established residential base has been reached. In the UK, commuter towns were developed by railway companies to create demand for their lines. One 1920s pioneer of this form of development was the Metropolitan Railway (now part of London Underground ) which marketed its Metro-land developments. This initiative encouraged many to move out of central and inner-city London to suburbs such as Harrow , or out of London itself, to commuter villages in Buckinghamshire or Hertfordshire . Commuter towns have more recently been built ahead of adequate transportation infrastructure, thus spurring

700-637: The construction of Arioka Castle , held by Araki Murashige ruled under Oda Nobunaga . After the uprising and defeat of Araki, the castle was torn down. During the Edo Period , the town was taken over by the Konoe family of court nobility , and the sake brewing industry prospered under its protection. Following the Meiji restoration , the holdings of the Konoe family were incorporated into Hyōgo Prefecture. The town of Itami

735-465: The construction of suitably cheap housing closer to places of employment. The number of commuter towns increased in the US and the UK during the 20th century because of a trend for people to move out of the cities into the surrounding green belt . In the United States, it is common for commuter towns to create disparities in municipal tax rates. When a commuter town collects few business taxes, residents must pay

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770-521: The development of roads and public transportation systems. These can take the form of light rail lines extending from the city center to new streetcar suburbs and new or expanded highways , whose construction and traffic can lead to the community becoming part of a larger conurbation . A 2014 study by the British Office for National Statistics found that commuting also affects wellbeing. Commuters are more likely to be anxious, dissatisfied and have

805-540: The largest ports in Japan. Kobe Port also hosts one of the world's fastest supercomputers, and Hyogo Prefecture passed laws to keep Kobe Port free of nuclear weapons (a nuclear-free zone ) since the year 1975. Hyōgo is a part of the Hanshin Industrial Region . There are two research institutes of Riken , natural sciences research institute in Japan, in Kobe and Harima. " SPring-8 ", a synchrotron radiation facility,

840-466: The local economy. Itami has 17 public elementary schools and eight public middle schools operated by the city government, and five public high schools operated by the Hyōgo Prefectural Board of Education. In addition, the city also operates one and the prefecture operates two special education school for the handicapped. The Otemae College , a junior college, is located in the city. There is

875-419: The neighboring city of Toyonaka and the Itami city center is connected to the airport only by a long tunnel that passes beneath the runway and tarmac . [REDACTED] JR West - Fukuchiyama Line [REDACTED] Hankyu - Itami Line [REDACTED] Osaka Monorail - Nissei Line Hy%C5%8Dgo Prefecture Hyōgo Prefecture ( 兵庫県 , Hyōgo-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan located in

910-576: The north, the Sea of Japan , to the south, the Seto Inland Sea . On Awaji Island , Hyōgo borders the Pacific Ocean coastline in the Kii Channel . The northern portion is sparsely populated, except for the city of Toyooka , The central highlands are only populated by tiny villages. Most of Hyōgo's population lives on the southern coast, which is part of the Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto metropolitan area. Awaji

945-410: The northwest, Nishinomiya and Amagasaki in the southwest, and Ikeda and Toyonaka in the east. In Hyōgo prefecture, the population density is the second highest following Amagasaki in the south. Hyōgo Prefecture Osaka Prefecture Itami has a Humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa ) characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light snowfall. The average annual temperature in Itami

980-510: The only town in Akō District ( Kamigōri ), were scheduled to merge and the city would still retain the name Akō . Akō District would be defunct if the merger was successful. However, the merger has not taken place. As in all prefectures nationwide, agriculture, forestry, and fisheries play a big role in the economy of Hyogo Prefecture. Hyōgo Prefecture also has an IT industry, many heavy industries, metal and medical, Kobe Port being one of

1015-465: The prospect of home ownership in an area with higher quality schools and amenities. As of 2003 , over 80% of the workforce of Tracy, California , was employed in the San Francisco Bay Area . In some cases, commuter towns can result from changing economic conditions. Steubenville, Ohio along with neighboring Weirton, West Virginia had an independent regional identity until the collapse of

1050-563: The second-most-populated urban region in Japan after the Greater Tokyo area and one of the world's most productive regions by GDP . Present-day Hyōgo Prefecture includes the former provinces of Harima , Tajima , Awaji , and parts of Tanba and Settsu . In 1180, near the end of the Heian period , Emperor Antoku , Taira no Kiyomori , and the Imperial court moved briefly to Fukuhara, in what

1085-409: The sense that their daily activities lack meaning than those who don't have to travel to work, even if they are paid more. The term exurb (a portmanteau of "extra & urban") was coined by Auguste Comte Spectorsky in his 1955 book The Exurbanites , to describe the ring of prosperous communities beyond the suburbs that are commuter towns for an urban area. However, since a landmark report by

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1120-588: The south of the province in Kita-ku, Kobe is one of the Three Ancient Springs in Japan. The north of Hyogo Prefecture has sightseeing spots such as Kinosaki Onsen, Izushi , and Yumura Onsen . Takeda Castle in Asago is often referred to locally as the "Machu Picchu of Japan". The matsuba crab and Tajima beef are both national delicacies. Hyogo entered a sister state relationship with Washington state in

1155-510: The steel industry in the 1980s. Steubenville Pike and the Parkway West also created easier access to the much larger city of Pittsburgh . In 2013, Jefferson County, Ohio (where Steubenville is located) was added to the Pittsburgh metropolitan area as part of its larger Combined Statistical Area . In Japan, most of the national railway network was privatized by the 1980s but unlike in

1190-570: The total land area of the prefecture was designated as Natural Parks , namely the Sanin Kaigan and Setonaikai National Parks; Hyōnosen-Ushiroyama-Nagisan Quasi-National Park ; and Asago Gunzan , Harima Chūbu Kyūryō , Inagawa Keikoku , Izushi-Itoi , Kasagatayama-Sengamine , Kiyomizu-Tōjōko-Tachikui , Onzui-Chikusa , Seiban Kyūryō , Seppiko-Mineyama , Tajima Sangaku , and Taki Renzan Prefectural Natural Parks. Two major artificial islands are located Hyōgo Prefecture: The city of Akō and

1225-473: Was established 1 April 1889 with the creation of the modern municipalities system. Itami was raised to city status on 10 November 1940. Great portions of the city were damaged in the Great Hanshin–Awaji earthquake of 1995, but were quickly rebuilt. Itami has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 28 members. Itami contributes three members to

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