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50-585: The name of the town comes from the version of the Serbian word istok (variant istek ), meaning "well, water source" referring to the springs of the Istočka river ( Istočka reka , literally "spring river"), a tributary to the White Drin river. The name of the nearby village of Vrela, one of the largest settlements in the municipality, also means "springs". The Ottoman defter (tax registry; census) of 1582 registered

100-462: A National Park. Rugova is known for its natural environment and access to the mountains. The city is located some 85 km (53 mi) west of Pristina , 250 km (155 mi) north of Tirana , Albania , 150 km (93 mi) north-west of Skopje , North Macedonia , and some 180 km (112 mi) east of Podgorica , Montenegro . The region of Peja is rich in water resources. The White Drin and Lumbardhi i Pejës rivers pass through

150-620: A ca. 140-kilometre (87 mi) long headstream of the Drin . The Kosovo section of the White Drin flows entirely in the semi- karst part of Kosovo , in an arc -shaped 122-kilometre (76 mi)-long course. The river originates in the southern slopes of the Zhleb mountain, north of the town of Peja . The river springs near the Bukuroshja e Fjetur Cave . The cave is multi-levelled, not much explored and has

200-585: A full palette of services. In close proximity to the city of Peja lie the White Drin Waterfall and the Bukuroshja e Fjetur Cave . Both are located in the Accursed Mountains and are natural tourist attractions. Education in Peja is a system with no tuition or fees, mandatory for all children between the ages of 6–18. It consists of a nine-year basic comprehensive school (starting at age six and ending at

250-424: A lake inside. The water from the spring was used by the Peja brewery. The stream is originally a sinking river which eventually springs out from the strong well and falls down as a 25-metre (82 ft)-high waterfall named the White Drin Waterfall near the village of Radac, 8 km (5.0 mi) away from Peja . In 1934, Russian émigré Dimitry Tyapkin projected and constructed a hydroelectric power plant next to

300-503: A report from 1681, the town had a majority of 1,000 Muslim Albanian households, and 100 Christian Serb households. In 1835 the Albanian population supported by other Albanian rebels from Shkodra took over the town from the Ottomans. The Albanian nationalist organization League of Peja established in 1899 was based in the city. The organization, led by Haxhi Zeka , adopted the character of

350-634: A third of the villages, with their anthroponomy indicating that only 4 of these new 180 arrivals had Albanian names, whereas the rest had characteristically Slavic names. This suggests that an arrival of a Slavic element to the northeast of the Sanjak of Shkodra occurred during the 15th-16th centuries, and the absence of this trend in the rest of the Sanjak of Shkodra indicates that these Slav populations hailed from Slavic-inhabited regions outside of Peja itself. In 1582, Ottoman cadastral records indicated that 23 villages in

400-401: Is KB Peja . Additionally the city is host to a handball team, KH Besa Famiglia, a volleyball team KV Besa, a judo team Ippon , an athletic team Besa, as well as a women's basketball team KB Penza. Since June 2008 Peja has also a Taekwondo Team: Tae Kwon Do Club Peja ( Klubi i Tae Kwon Do-së Peja ). Peja has its aeroclub called "Aeroklub Peja", which was founded in 1948. Last years this club

450-497: Is Peja and the indefinite Pejë. The Serbian name for the city is Peć. Other names of the city include Latin Pescium and Greek Episkion (Επισκιον) meaning "Episcopal City". The city is located in a strategic position on Peja's Lumbardh , a tributary of the White Drin to the east of the Accursed Mountains . The medieval city was possibly built on the ruins of Siparant(um) , a Roman municipium (town or city). The area has

500-607: Is not even one large settlement on the river itself, despite many smaller villages on the river. The largest cities are several miles away from the river ( Peja , Gjakova , Prizren ) whilst some smaller towns ( Klina ) and large villages ( Krusha e Madhe , Gjonaj ) are closer to it. The White Drin also creates the small White Drin Canyon in the Republic of Kosovo . The White Drin receives many relatively long tributaries: Lumbardhi i Pejës , Lumbardhi i Deçanit , Prue Potok, and Erenik from

550-454: Is the only city in Kosovo that offers high school education in arts and there is also a school for the visually impaired . The Agjencia e Statistikave të Kosovës (ASK) estimated the population of the municipality of Peja at 96,450 in 2011. According to the 1981 census, the city urban area had a population of 54,497 inhabitants; according to the 1991 census it had grown to 68,163. According to

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600-557: The Ipek nahiyah as having 235 villages, of which Suho Grlo (Suvo Grlo) was located within modern Istog municipality. Suvo Grlo had three bigger mahala (neighbourhoods). One of the neighbourhoods included Muslim converts. There were several Orthodox priests in the village. During World War II , a total of 140 Serbs were killed in 1941 and 1942 in the district of Istog and another 95 were killed in 1943 and 1944 by Albanian paramilitaries. The areas in and around Istog saw much resistance against

650-607: The Rugova Canyon and surrounding mountains. Skiing is available at the ski center in Bogë nearby. One of the most exciting new attractions is the Peak of the Balkans trail. The trail wanders through 3 countries with mountain views and can be supported by local guides and tour companies. Banja of Peja is a township located in the municipality of Istog , Kosovo . To many people it is known with

700-586: The Serbian Patriarchate of Peć in 1766. Peja came under Ottoman rule after its capture in 1455. In Turkish, the town was known as İpek . The town became the center of the Sanjak of İpek (or Dukagjin), governed by the Albanian Mahmud Pasha Dukagjini as its first sanjakbey (lord). The Sanjak of Dukagjin had four kazas : Peja, Gjakova , Gusinje and Berane . During the 15th and 16th centuries, Orthodox Albanians formed

750-709: The Yugoslav Partisans by Albanians in 1945. In Lipa, near Istog, Bajram Grobi and his group of 9 others were surrounded by a partisan battalion - they sustained 3 losses in total, including Bajram himself. In August, Sali Kama and Bik Pazari resisted the partisans in Bjeshka, near Istog. In March, Berlac Rogani and 7 other men were surrounded at a mountain in Binak, near Istog, by a battalion of partisans numbering to 650 Serbs and Montenegrins; after 36 hours of fighting, Rogani and his men killed 28 partisans and wounded 12 others. During

800-402: The medieval Serbian , Ottoman , Yugoslav, and contemporary architecture. Because of this there are many churches, mosques, buildings which are attraction points in the city and were built by the aforementioned influences. Notable architectural traits of Peja include: Peja has one local cinema, Kinema Jusuf Gërvalla, which also functions as a cultural center. It was built in 1955 with money of

850-471: The 2011 census, around 49,000 people live in the city of Peja. The population is predominantly Albanian , comprising 91.21% of the residents. The largest minority group consists of Bosniaks , making up 3.9% of the population. Additionally, Egyptians account for 2.7%, Roma for 1%, and the remaining residents are Serbs , Ashkali and Gorani . The ethnic composition of the municipality: The architecture in Peja show different architectural styles, from

900-453: The 20th century. They came to a head in the Kosovo War of 1999, during which the city suffered heavy damage and mass killings. The Panda Bar massacre occurred in Peja, and the perpetrators of the massacre remained unknown until the Serbian government admitted that the massacre was a black operation carried out by Serbian intelligence operatives, although news agencies falsely reported that it

950-604: The Albanians managed to survive despite being wounded. The commanders of the Albanian side were Shaban Sadiku, Adem Shala and Alush Smajli, with Smajli being the only one to survive with grave injuries, and the Montenegrins were from the Boka Kotorska brigade. According to the last official census done in 2011, the municipality of Istog has 39,289 inhabitants. The municipality of Istog has an ethnic Kosovo Albanian majority. Most of

1000-610: The Kosovo Serbs live in the village of Osojane. Osojane is to the east of the town of Istog; also part of the Serbs lives in northern part of the municipality. The ethnic composition of the municipality: After World War II , watermills on the river of Istog were nationalized and a new fish plant was built to operate as a socially owned enterprise. The company's name under Yugoslavia was "Ribnjak", meaning "piscatory" or "fishery" in Serbian . It

1050-684: The Nahiya of Peja were inhabited by an Albanian majority due to the dominance of Albanian anthroponomy amongst its inhabitants; 85 villages had mixed Albanian-Slavic anthroponomy, and the rest contained almost exclusively Slavic anthroponomy. The villages with a certain Albanian majority were Osak (Usak), Kramor, Ljepovaç, Trakagjin, Strelec, Romaniça, Sredna Çirna Goi, Nivokas, Temshenica, Trepova pole, Novasel, Dobri Lipari, Boshanica, Brestovac, Baç (Beç), Tokina pole, Novasel (another Novasel), Dujak, Dobroshi i Madh, Vraniq, Mraç or Çirna Potok, Dolina Çirna Goi and Preloniça . The documentation of Albanians in Peja at

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1100-714: The White Drin belongs to the Adriatic Sea drainage basin . The river is not navigable. The entire Albanian section (and part of the Kosovan) is flooded by the artificial Fierza lake ( see Drin controversy ). Peja Peja is the fourth most populous city in Kosovo and serves as the seat of the Peja Municipality and the District of Peja . It is located in the Rugova region on

1150-465: The Workers’ Union. Back then, the cinema was called 'Kino Rad' ('Workers' Cinema'). Its goals was to provide a cultural space in the city of Peja. During the period 1955-1998 it served as a central point of joint cultural activities for the residents of Peja. Activities included screenings of the latest films, public discussions, music concerts, theatrical performances and children's programs. The cinema

1200-426: The age of fifteen) secondary general and professional education commonly known as high school and higher education at Haxhi Zeka University . It also includes non-mandatory daycare programs for babies and toddlers and a one-year "preschool". The school year runs from early September to late June of the following year. Winter break runs from late December to early January, dividing the school year into two semesters. Peja

1250-565: The cinema with all its assets was given to the non-governmental organization Anibar , which since 2010 organized the Anibar International Animation Festival in the cinema. The goal was to revitalize Kinema Jusuf Gërvalla. But later that year the Privatization Agency of Kosovo put the building on the list of buildings for privatization, which meant it would lose its public function. However, backlash emerged against

1300-492: The city became a district capital with mosques and civil architecture. From the end of the nineteenth century until today, the city has been the site of nationalist aspirations and claims for both ethnic Albanians and Serbs , often resulting in tense inter-ethnic relations and conflict. According to the 2011 census, the city of Peja has 48,962 inhabitants, while the municipality has 96,450 inhabitants. The municipality covers an area of 602 km (232 sq mi), including

1350-439: The city of Peja and 95 villages; it is divided into 28 territorial communities. The etymology of the city's name is derived from the Serbian word for cave, Pećina . The connection is in reference to nearby caves to the city. The city was first mentioned as Siparantum by Ptolemy in his work Geography. During the period of Ottoman rule, it was known as Ottoman Turkish İpek (ايپك). The Albanian name's definite form

1400-475: The city of Peja and 95 villages; it is divided into 28 territorial communities. As of 2011 , the whole municipality has a population of approximately 95,723, of which ca. 48,962 live in the city of Peja. Peja is rapidly developing a significant tourist infrastructure. Information for the "Trail of Cultural Monuments" can be found at the Tourist Information Office as well as maps and attractions in

1450-440: The city of Peja for next 300 years. In 1220, Serbian King Stefan Nemanjić donated Peja and several surrounding villages to his newly founded monastery of Žiča . As Žiča was the seat of a Serbian archbishop, Peja came under direct rule of Serbian archbishops and later patriarchs who built their residences and numerous churches in the city starting with the church of Holy Apostles built by archbishop Saint Arsenije I Sremac . After

1500-570: The city. Peja was taken by Serbian forces under the command of Kosta Pećanac on 13 October 1918, taking approximately 2,000 Austro-Hungarian prisoners of war . After World War I, the city became part of Yugoslavia (at first officially called the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes). Between 1931 and 1941 the city was part of Zeta Banovina . During World War II Peja was occupied by the Italian puppet state of Albania . Following Italy's capitulation in

1550-462: The earlier League of Prizren to defend the rights of Ottoman Albanians and seek autonomous status within the empire. After an armed clash with Ottoman forces in 1900 the organization ended its operations. Ottoman rule came to an end in the First Balkan War of 1912–13, when Montenegro took control of the city on 28 October 1912. On 8 January 1916, during World War I , Austria-Hungary took

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1600-613: The eastern section of the Accursed Mountains along the Lumbardhi i Pejës River in the western part of Kosovo. In medieval times, the city was under Byzantine, Bulgarian and Serbian rule. After its integration into Serbian territory, it became the seat of the Serbian Orthodox Church in 1346. The Patriarchal monastery of Peć is a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of the Medieval Monuments in Kosovo . Under Ottoman rule

1650-793: The end of the 15th centuries - which coincides with the very beginning of Ottoman rule in Kosovo - presupposes that the Albanians of Peja were early inhabitants of the region. By the 1582 Defter , the city of Peja itself had been significantly Islamised - several cases exist where Muslim inhabitants have a blend of Islamic and Albanian anthroponomy (such as the widespread Deda family - Rizvan Deda, Haxhi Deda, Ali Deda... ). The Muslim neighbourhoods include Xhamia Sherif, Sinan Vojvoda, Piri bej, Ahmed Bej, Hysein, Hasan Çelebi, Mustafa bej, Mahmud Kadi, Orman, Kapishniça, Mesxhidi Haxhi Mahmud, Bali bej and Çeribash . The Christian neighbourhoods include Gjura Papuxhi, Nikolla (abandoned), Nikolla Vukman (abandoned), Andrija (abandoned) and Olivir . The inhabitants of

1700-502: The fighting, the partisans utilised women and children as human shields, but nonetheless, Rogani and his men managed to break the encirclement and all 8 fighters managed to survive despite their injuries. On the 10th of September, in Liçeva and Lesnika (also near Istog), 32 Albanians battled against 1,300 well-armed Montenegrins for 6 hours in an event known as the Battle of the 32 Heroes . Only 4 of

1750-429: The idea of taking this important historic and cultural site from the local community. The protests secured Kinema Jusuf Gërvalla a spot on the temporary list of protected cultural heritage buildings in Kosovo. Currently, Kinema Jusuf Gërvalla is functioning as a cultural center which hosts movie screenings, musical performances, poetry nights, board game nights, and more. It also offers guided tours, which introduces you to

1800-524: The last months of 1943, several hundred Serbs were massacred by Albanian paramilitaries in Peja and its vicinity. After the war, Peja again became part of Yugoslavia as part of the Autonomous Region of Kosovo and Metohija (1945–1963) , an autonomous unit within the Socialist Republic of Serbia . Relations between Serbs and Albanians , who were the majority population, were often tense during

1850-526: The majority of the region's population whereas Slavs formed a minority. The Slavs had arrived during the period of Serbian rule in Kosovo through the Middle Ages as colonists from Slavic regions north of Kosovo or as a stratum of the ruling class. In the Ottoman defters of the time, there existed a designation for new arrivals to the region; in the region of Peja and Suhogërla, new arrivals existed within about

1900-604: The most unearthed stelae in all of Kosovo. Following Slavic settlements in the 6th century, the Byzantine Empire and the First Bulgarian Empire fought for control of the area until it finally fell under full Serbian rule. Between 1180 and 1190, Serbian Grand Prince Stefan Nemanja annexed Peja with its surrounding župa (district) of Hvosno from the Byzantine Empire, thus establishing Serbian rule over

1950-496: The municipality of Peja. Peja has an Oceanic climate (Cfb) as of the Köppen climate classification with an average annual temperature of 9.0 °C (48.2 °F). The warmest month in Peja is August with an average temperature of 19.7 °C (67.5 °F), while the coldest month is January with an average temperature of −1.9 °C (28.6 °F). The municipality covers an area of 602 km (232 sq mi), including

2000-447: The name Ilixhe. It is a touristic-health center with services in Istog and in the region, highly developed infrastructure and every service needed for healthy living. The cite has seen a bloom of tourism with a new Zip Line, and two Via Ferrata , built between 2013 and 2016. In the city there are a number of tour operators that function, with Balkan Natural Adventure , being the main one with

2050-553: The rich history of the cinema. Peja is one of the more successful cities in Kosovan sport. The city is home to the first Olympic Medal for Kosovo, won by Judoka Majlinda Kelmendi in Rio de Janeiro Games in 2016. Her team also has won numerous other medals including gold and bronze in the World and European championships. The main football team of the city is FC Besa Pejë and its basketball teams

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2100-521: The right; Istog, Klina , Mirusha , Rimnik, Topluga and Lumbardhi i Prizrenit from the left. The Kosovo part of the White Drin basin comprises 4,360 km (1,680 sq mi). Here the waters of the river are used for waterworks of the big nearby towns, irrigation and power production (especially its right tributaries). At the Vërmica-Shalqin border crossing , the river enters the eastern Albanian region of Trektan. The Albanian section of

2150-559: The river is 16 km (9.9 mi) long with the drainage area of 604 km (233 sq mi). There are no settlements on the river and it receives the Lumë river from the left (which also originates in Kosovo, from several rivers in the region). Finally, the White Drin reaches the town of Kukës where it meets the Black Drin and forms the Drin , which flows into the Adriatic Sea ; thus

2200-490: The source of water and for sightseeing and the burim has the restaurants "Freskia" and "Morea" that are known for their food and the view of Istog. 42°47′N 20°29′E  /  42.783°N 20.483°E  / 42.783; 20.483 White Drin The White Drin or White Drim ( Albanian : Drini i Bardhë ; Serbian : Beli Drim , Serbian : Бели Дрим ) is a river in Kosovo and northern Albania ,

2250-404: The two Christian neighbourhoods - Olivir and Gjura Papuxhi - had a blend of characteristically Albanian and Slavic/Orthodox anthroponomy. During this period the town of Peja had a majority Muslim population, the Ottoman tax register from 1582 lists 158 households with only 15 being Christian. Travelling Kosova in the 1660's, Evliya Celebi wrote that the town lay in 'Albania'. According to

2300-479: The waterfalls which produced electricity for the town. The White Drin first flows to the east, next to the spa of Banja of Peja or Ilixhe , and the villages of Banje, Novosellë, Dubova, Ozdrim, Trubuhoc and Zllakuqan, where it receives the Istog river from the left and turns to the south. The rest of the course is through the very fertile and densely populated central section of Kosovo (Podrima region), but oddly, there

2350-662: The Žiča monastery was burned by the Cumans in the 1290s, the seat of Serbian archbishop was transferred to a more secure location, the Patriarchal Monastery of Peć . The city became a major religious center of medieval Serbia under the Serbian Emperor Stefan Dušan , who made it the seat of the Serbian Orthodox Church in 1346. It remained the seat of the Serbian Orthodox Church until the abolition of

2400-408: Was closed down when the war started in 1998 and was heavily damaged in the years after, just like the rest of Peja. In 2000, the building was renovated and partly reconstructed. In 2001, the cinema was reopened, with its name changed to ‘Kinema Jusuf Gërvalla’ in 2002. However, activities became more sporadic, due to technical difficulties and lack of public interest. In 2016, by a municipal decision,

2450-471: Was done by the KLA. More than 80 percent of the total 5280 houses in the city were heavily damaged (1590) or destroyed (2774). It suffered further damage in violent inter-ethnic unrest in 2004 . Peja is located in western Kosovo near the Rugova Canyon or Gorge . Rugova is a mountainous region entered through the north-west part of the city of Peja. It is the third region of Accursed Mountains . In 2013 it became

2500-460: Was later privatized as Motel "Trofta", meaning "trout" in Albanian - the type of fish it has and is still producing, selling, and distributing. The company employs around 70 people. The company acts as a hotel and restaurant, often hosting traditional weddings. The hotel provides hotel rooms as well as small bungalows by the river except Trofta Istog has the "burim" itself which everyone can go and visit

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