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31-477: The district is located on the northern shore of Issyk-Kul and on the southern slopes of the Küngöy Ala-Too Range , which dominate much of the landscape. The topography varies from multiple-folded medium-altitude mountains featuring in erosional dissection to alluvial - proluvial planes with river fans, river valleys, intermittent water streams, and lakeside planes of Issyk-Kul lake area. Approximately 78% of

62-585: A dividing range separating Kyrgyzstan from Kazakhstan . It is the eighth-deepest lake in the world , the eleventh-largest lake in the world by volume (though not in surface area), the deepest lake whose deepest point is above sea level (939 meters or 3,080 feet), and the third-largest saline lake. Issyk-Kul means "warm lake" in the Kyrgyz language ; although it is located at a lofty elevation of 1,607 metres (5,272 ft) and subject to severe cold during winter, it rarely freezes over due to high salinity . The lake

93-1040: A combination of overfishing , heavy predation by two of the introduced invasive species (the pike perch and the rainbow trout ), and the cessation of lake restocking with juvenile fish from hatcheries . At least four commercially targeted endemic fish species are sufficiently threatened to be included in the Red Book of the Kyrgyz Republic — Schmidt's dace ( Leuciscus schmidti ), Issyk-Kul dace ( Leuciscus bergi ), Ili marinka ( Schizothorax pseudoaksaiensis issykkulensis ), and sheer or naked osman ( Gymnodiptychus dybowskii ). Five other indigenous species — Issyk-kul minnow ( Phoxinus issykkulensis ), Issykul gudgeon ( Gobio gobio latus ), spotted thicklip loach ( Triplophysa strauchii ulachilicus ), grey stone loach ( Triplophysa dorsalis ), asp ( Leuciscus aspius iblioides ) — are almost certainly threatened as bycatch or are indirectly impacted by fishing activity and changes to

124-454: A designation indicating a pronounced high-altitude zone of mountains, partly white due to snow, partly dark on snowless areas. The word "Kungey" or "Kyungei" means "the side (of the mountain) facing to the South". The ridge runs east–west and has a length of 275 km (171 mi) in a straight line. It borders the basin in which Lake Issyk-Kul is located from the north (the same basin bounded by

155-475: A large hexahedral goldpiece. Also found was a bronze cauldron with a level of craftsmanship that is today achieved by using an inert gas environment. In 1916 the monastery at Issyk-Kul was attacked by Kyrgyz rebels, and seven monks were killed. The first nature reserve in Kyrgyzstan, Issyk-Kul State Reserve was established in 1948 to protect unique nature landscapes and waterfowl at Issyk-Kul. In 1975, it

186-652: Is -2°C in valleys, and -10°C in mountains. In July, an average temperature varies from +18°C in valleys, to +10°C in mountains. An absolute recorded temperature minimum is -30°. Average maximum temperatures are +35°C in valleys, and +15°C in mountains. Average yearly precipitation is 200-400 mm in valleys, and 500-600 mm in mountains during warm season (April-October), and 100-150 in valleys and 150-200 mm in mountains during cold season. In total, Issyk-Kul District include 1 town and 30 settlements in 12 rural communities ( ayyl aymagy ). Each rural community may include one or several villages. The rural communities and settlements in

217-632: Is a Ramsar site of globally significant biodiversity and forms part of the Issyk-Kul Biosphere Reserve. Issyk-Kul Lake is 182 kilometres (113 mi) long, up to 60 kilometres (37 mi) wide and its area is 6,236 square kilometres (2,408 sq mi). It is the second-largest mountain lake in the world behind Lake Titicaca in South America . It is at an altitude of 1,607 metres (5,272 ft) and reaches 668 metres (2,192 ft) in depth. About 118 rivers and streams flow into

248-576: Is a subalpine zone, even higher — glaciers. Here there are four of the most famous and visited lakes of the Almaty Region : three Kolsay lakes and Lake Kaindy in the gorges of the Kolsay and the Kaindy. The Kungey ridge is interesting in mountaineering terms, as a little "conquered" ridge. Of the 150 peaks of the range, only 40 were conquered. Climbers have never visited the 75 km (47 mi) section from

279-619: Is near the east tip of the lake and is a good base for excursions into the surrounding area. Its small old core contains an impressive wooden mosque , built without metal nails by the Dungan people and a wooden Orthodox church that was used as a stable during Soviet times. Issyk-Kul Lake was a stopover on the Silk Road , a land route for travelers from the Far East to Europe. The great Chinese Buddhist scholar-monk Xuanzang passed by this lake and noted

310-652: The Karabulan Peninsula on the lake would be leased for an indefinite period to the Russian Navy , which is planning to establish new naval testing facilities as part of the 2007 bilateral Agreement on Friendship, Cooperation, Mutual Help, and Protection of Secret Materials. The Russian military will pay $ 4.5 million annually to lease the area. India also plans to invest in the facility to test all types of torpedoes such as heavy weight torpedoes and those that have thermal navigation system. Another advantage that works for

341-749: The Terskey Ala-Too ridge from the south). The width of the ridge in the highest part is about 30 km (19 mi). The Zailiysky Alatau stretches parallel to the ridge from the north. The Kungey Alatau and Zailiysky Alatau are separated in the west by the valley of the Chon-Kemin, the main tributary of the Chu River , and in the east by the valley of the Chilik, a tributary of the Ili River . The Chilik-Kemin Bridge connecting

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372-572: The Tian Shan runs parallel to the north shore. The southern slopes of the Kungey Alatau are comparatively short. Therefore, the rivers rising on them are relatively small and do not have a chance to flow together to form larger hydrographic systems. As a result, they separately empty either into Issyk-Kul or into Tüp river flowing along the range. The lake water's salinity is approx. 0.6% – compared to 3.5% salinity of typical seawater – and, although

403-469: The Issyk-Kul District are: This Issyk-Kul region location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Issyk-Kul Issyk-Kul ( Russian : Иссык-Куль ) or Ysyk-Köl ( Kyrgyz : Ысык-Көл , IPA: [ɯsɯ́q kʰɵ́l] ; lit.   ' Warm Lake ' ) is an endorheic saline lake in the western Tianshan Mountains in eastern Kyrgyzstan , just south of

434-635: The Keminsky peak massif (4,643 m (15,233 ft)), the Chiliko-Kemin Bridge runs to the north-west. East of Tchaikovsky peak (4,687 m (15,377 ft)), the ridge descends and passes into the syrty . The climate of the Northern Tien Shan is continental. The coldest month is January, and the warmest is July. At low altitudes, there is a forest (mainly Tien Shan spruce ), and then from 2,800 to 3,600 meters (9,200 to 11,800 ft) there

465-578: The Kumbel ridge leads off in a southeasterly direction. The largest river of the southern slope of the Kungey Alatau, Chon-Ak-Suu, which flows into Issyk-Kul, begins at this point and flows in an easterly direction, so that the northern slope of its valley is the main ridge of the Kungey Alatau, and the southern ridge of the Kumbel. Then the Chon-Ak-Suu valley turns to the south and enters the Semyonovsky gorge. From

496-474: The analysis of preserved genetic material from seven individuals buried in two cemeteries near Issyk-Kul and determined that the Black Death was present there in 1338 or 1339. The plague first infected people in a small, nearby settlement of traders eight years before it devastated Eurasia, killing 60 percent of the population, having traveled along trade routes. The lake's status as a byway for travelers allowed

527-704: The area of the Boom Gorge of the Chu River, where it adjoins the Kyrgyz Ala-Too. The Kungey Alatau in the easterly direction sharply gains height and in the area of the upper reaches of the Dure river reaches a height of 4,000 m (13,000 ft). Here begins the highest central part of the ridge. The highest point is Choktal - 4,771 m (15,653 ft), to the east of which is the Boztyri peak (4,323 m (14,183 ft)). Here

558-500: The beach which lead the cold, less heavy water to the top of the lake and often the salty, heavy water below is oddly more warm than the water on the surface. During the Soviet period , the Soviet Navy operated an extensive facility at the lake's east end, where submarine and torpedo technology was evaluated. In March 2008, Kyrgyz newspapers reported that 866 hectares (2,140 acres) around

589-621: The details in the classic travelogue Great Tang Records on the Western Regions in the 7th century. The lake was once a part of the territory of Qing Dynasty of China and was ceded to Russia – along with the surrounding territory – after the Treaty of Tarbagatai . Many historians believe that the lake was the point of origin for the Black Death that plagued Europe and Asia during the early and mid-14th century. In 2022, researchers reported on

620-483: The district is occupied by mountains, and 22% - by valleys. The hydrological conditions are dominated by rivers Toru-Aygyr with peak flood of 30 m/s, Orto Taldy-Bulak - 6.5 m/s, Chong Taldy-Bulak - 7 m/s, Cholpon-Ata - 20 m/s, Dyure-Suu - 15 m/s, Kichi Ak-Suu - 10 m/s, Orto Koy-Suu - 10 m/s, Orto Oryuktyu - 10 m/s, Chong Oryuktyu - 20 m/s, Chet Baysoorun - 15 m/s, and Cong Baysoorun - 20 m/s. An average temperature in January

651-632: The ecological structure and balance of the lake's fish population. Sevan trout , a fish endemic to Lake Sevan in Armenia , was introduced into Issyk-Kul in the 1970s. While this fish is an endangered species in its native waters, it has a much better chance to survive in Lake Issyk-Kul where it has actively predated on other species, but is limited in habitat for reproduction and in food. The lake supports large numbers of wintering waterfowl as well as waders and passerines on passage migration . Both

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682-434: The facility. Towns and some villages around the lake, listed clockwise from the lake's western tip: Kungey Alatau The Kungey Alatau ( Kyrgyz : Күңгөй Ала-Тоо , Küngöy Ala-Too ; Kazakh : Күнгей Алатау , Küngei Alataw ), also spelled Kungoy Ala-Too, and Kungey Alataw, is a mountain range, which forms the northern Tien Shan with Zailiyskiy Alatau . The word "Alatau" or "Ala-too" means "variegated mountains",

713-459: The lake ; the largest are the Jyrgalang and Tüp . It is fed by springs, including many hot springs and snow melt. The lake has no current outlet, but some hydrologists hypothesize that the lake's water filters deep underground into the Chu River . The bottom of the lake contains the mineral monohydrocalcite : one of the few known lacustrine deposits. The lake's southern shore is dominated by

744-534: The lake level is still currently some 8 metres (26 ft) higher than in medieval times, its level now drops by approximately 5 centimetres (2.0 in) per year due to water diversion. Administratively, the lake and the adjacent land are within Issyk-Kul Region of Kyrgyzstan. During the Soviet era, the lake became a popular vacation resort, with numerous sanitoria , boarding houses and vacation homes along its northern shore, many concentrated in and around

775-419: The plague to spread across these continents via medieval merchants who unknowingly carried infested vermin along with them. The lake level is some 8 metres (26 ft) higher than in medieval times. Divers have found the remains of submerged settlements in shallow areas around the lake. Articles identified as the world's oldest extant coins were found underwater, with gold wire rings used as small change and

806-459: The ruggedly beautiful Teskey Ala-Too Range of the Tian Shan mountains. The northern slopes of the range are long and send a considerable flow to Issyk-Kul. Numerous streams taking their rise at the slopes flow together into comparatively large rivers. They deeply dissect the range and flow in wide valleys. On exit from mountains the rivers form large alluvial cones. In eastern part of Issyk-Kul they flow into Jyrgalang river. The Kungey Alatau of

837-400: The testing center is that the torpedoes fired can also be recovered allowing scientists to make physical verification of a torpedo structure for further study. India is also planning to use the torpedo test facility to test the autonomous underwater vehicle being developed by NSTL . For this, India has proposed to engage local companies with know-how in torpedo technology to further co-develop

868-518: The town of Cholpon-Ata . These fell on hard times after the break-up of the USSR, but now hotel complexes are being refurbished and simple private bed-and-breakfast rentals are being established for a new generation of health and leisure visitors. The city of Karakol (formerly Przhevalsk, after the Russian explorer Przhevalsky , who died there) is the administrative seat of Issyk-Kul Region of Kyrgyzstan. It

899-464: The two ridges separates the Chon-Kemin and Chilik valleys. The border of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, which runs along the Zailiysky Alatau ridge in the west, passes over the Chiliko-Kemin Bridge to the Kungey Alatau ridge. Thus, the ridge to the west of the bridge is located in Kyrgyzstan, and to the east of the bridge it passes the border of Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. The range begins in the west in

930-556: The western and eastern ends of the lake have been recognised as Important Bird Areas (IBAs) by BirdLife International . There is a small lake below the water level of Issyk Kul at the south-west side of the lake. This lake is called Tyz köl (salt lake) in Kyrgyz due to its very high saline content and swimming in the Issyk Kul salt lake is a very different experience from less salty water. The lake receives its water from small cold springs at

961-417: Was acknowledged as a Ramsar site . Biosphere Reserve Issyk-Kul covered by UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves was established in year 2000 within the administrative borders of Issyk-Kul Region . The lake contains highly endemic fish biodiversity, and some of the species, including four endemics, are seriously endangered. In recent years yields of all fish species have declined markedly, due to

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