54-825: Ismael "Pochong" Abubakar Jr (April 17, 1949 - June 6, 2017) was a Filipino politician who served as the first speaker of the Regional Legislative Assembly of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao . In 1988 he served as the Vice Governor of Tawi-Tawi , and in 1990 was elected to the ARMM Regional Legislative Assembly, where he served as its first speaker. Ismael Pochong Abubakar Jr died in June 2017. Ismael Abubakar Jr., also known as Pochong,
108-522: A multi-party system evolved. Corazon Aquino who nominally had no party, supported the Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino (LDP; Struggle of the Democratic Filipinos). With the victory of Fidel V. Ramos in the 1992 presidential election , many representatives defected to his Lakas-NUCD party; the same would happen with Joseph Estrada 's victory in 1998 , but he lost support when he was ousted after
162-516: A population of 250,000 must have at least one representative. Each legislative district, regardless of population, has one congressman. For provinces that have more than one legislative district, the provincial districts are identical to the corresponding legislative district, with the exclusion of cities that do not vote for provincial officials. If cities are divided into multiple districts for city hall representation purposes, these are also used for congressional representation. The representatives from
216-506: A posthumous award was given to Abubakar for his contributions to the chamber. The award was accepted by his family. In 2009, he was included in The 500 Most Influential Muslims list. His description on the list stated, “Abubakar is the former speaker of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao's regional legislative assembly. He is now concentrating on business and interfaith dialogue, convening
270-788: Is 24, where 6 are from Lanao del Sur including Marawi City , 6 from Maguindanao , 6 from Sulu , 3 from Basilan and 3 from Tawi-Tawi . Regular members (3 members/district) and sectoral representatives, have 3-year terms; maximum of 3 consecutive terms. The Assembly exercises legislative power in the autonomous region, except on the following matters: foreign affairs, national defense and security, postal service, coinage and fiscal and monetary policies, administration of justice, quarantine, customs and tariff, citizenship, naturalization, immigration and deportation, general auditing, national elections, maritime, land and air transportation, communications, patents, trademarks, trade names and copyrights, foreign trade. It may also legislate on matters covered by
324-520: Is commonly referred to as Congress , although the term collectively refers to both houses. Members of the House are officially styled as representatives ( Filipino : mga kinatawan ) and are sometimes informally called congressmen or congresswomen ( Filipino : mga kongresista ). They are elected to a three-year term and can be re-elected, but cannot serve more than three consecutive terms without an interruption of one term (e.g. serving one term in
378-453: Is the spokesman of the minority party in the House and is an ex-officio member of all standing Committees. The minority leader is elected in party caucus of all Members of the House in the minority party, although by tradition, the losing candidate for speaker is named the minority leader. The incumbent House Minority Leader is Congressman Marcelino Libanan, a party-list member for 4PS. The secretary general enforces orders and decisions of
432-566: Is traditionally elected at the convening of each congress. Before a speaker is elected, the House's sergeant-at-arms sits as the "Presiding Officer" until a speaker is elected. Compared to the Senate President , the unseating of an incumbent speaker is rarer. The incumbent Speaker of the House is Congressman Martin Romualdez who represents Leyte's 1st Congressional district and the first cousin of incumbent president Bongbong Marcos . There
486-437: Is used to determine who represents each of the 243 geographic districts. The party-list representatives are elected via the party-list system. The party-list representatives should always comprise 20% of the seats. Originally set at 200 in the ordinance of the 1987 constitution, the number of districts has grown to 243. All of the new districts are via created via piecemeal redistricting of the then existing 200 districts, and via
540-435: Is usually conducted for the party-list election, while pollsters may release polls on specific district races. In district elections, pollsters do not attempt to make forecasts on how many votes a party would achieve, nor the number of seats a party would win; they do attempt to do that in party-list elections, though. The members of the House of Representatives who are also its officers are also ex officio members of all of
594-446: The 12th Congress , a Deputy Speaker "at large" was created. In the next Congress, another "at large" deputy speakership was created, along with a Deputy Speaker for women. In the 15th Congress starting in 2010, all six deputy speakers are "at large". In the 16th Congress, the deputy speakers represent the chamber at-large. Starting in the 17th Congress, each region is represented by a Deputy Speaker, with additional deputy speakers from
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#1732851869780648-594: The 2001 EDSA Revolution that brought his vice president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo to power. This also meant the restoration of Lakas-NUCD as the top party in the chamber. The same would happen when Benigno Aquino III won in 2010 , which returned the Liberals into power. The presiding officer is the Speaker . Unlike the Senate President , the Speaker usually serves the entire term of Congress, although there had been instances when
702-601: The ARMM Regional Legislative Assembly ( Filipino : Pangrehiyong Kapulungang Pambatasan ng ARMM ), was the devolved unicameral regional legislature of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM). It was known as the "Little Congress" of the ARMM. A Regional Assembly was created form ARMM as part of Republic Act No. 6734, otherwise known as the Organic Act for the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, with
756-534: The Commission on Appointments ; only a handful of sectoral representatives were seated in this way. With the enactment of the Party-List System Act, the first party-list election was in 1998; with the 2% election threshold, a 3-seat cap and tens of parties participating, this led to only about a fraction of the party-list seats being distributed. Eventually, there had been several Supreme Court decisions changing
810-520: The committees and have a vote. The leadership positions, except for the Secretary General and Sergeant-at-Arms, are currently vacant. The terms of office of the officers elected during the 18th Congress ended on June 30, 2022. On July 25, 2022, the 19th Congress of the Philippines shall elect among themselves their leaders. The speaker is the head of the House of Representatives. He presides over
864-422: The plurality voting system from single-member districts . Party-list representatives are elected via the nationwide vote with a 2% election threshold , with a party winning not more than three seats. The party with the most votes usually wins three seats, then the other parties with more than 2% of the vote two seats. At this point, if all of the party-list seats are not filled up, the parties with less than 2% of
918-526: The president for signature to become law, the House of Representatives has the power to impeach certain officials and all franchise and money bills must originate from the lower house. The House of Representatives is headed by the House speaker ( Filipino : ispiker ). The position is currently held by Martin Romualdez . The speaker of the House is third in the Philippine presidential line of succession , after
972-700: The upper house and the Philippine Assembly as the lower house . This bicameral legislature was inaugurated in October 1907. Under the leadership of Speaker Sergio Osmeña and Floor Leader Manuel L. Quezon , the Rules of the 59th United States Congress was substantially adopted as the Rules of the Philippine Legislature. Osmeña and Quezon led the Nacionalista Party , with a platform of independence from
1026-641: The vice president and the Senate president . The official headquarters of the House of Representatives is at the Batasang Pambansa (literally "national legislature") located in Batasan Hills , Quezon City . The building is often simply called Batasan , and the word has also become a metonym to refer to the House of Representatives. The Philippine legislative system began in a unicameral form of government in 1898 when then President Emilio Aguinaldo established
1080-581: The 1973 Constitution abolished the bicameral Congress and created a unicameral Batasang Pambansa parliamentary system of government, as parliamentary election would not occur in 1978 . Marcos' Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL; New Society Movement) won all of the seats except those from the Central Visayas ushering in an era of KBL dominance, which continued until the People Power Revolution overthrew Marcos in 1986. The 1987 Constitution restored
1134-404: The 2022 elections, there will be 316 seats in the House; 253 of these are district representatives, and 63 are party-list representatives. The number of seats to be disputed may change depending on the creation of new congressional districts. Philippine law mandates that there should be one party-list representative for every four district representatives. District representatives are elected under
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#17328518697801188-531: The Assembly via a virtual dominant-party system . The legislative system was changed again in 1935. The 1935 Constitution established a unicameral National Assembly . But in 1940, through an amendment to the 1935 Constitution, a bicameral Congress of the Philippines consisting of a House of Representatives and a Senate was adopted. Upon the inauguration of the Republic of the Philippines in 1946, Republic Act No. 6
1242-684: The House of Representatives, among other things. Like the Secretary General, the Sergeant-at-Arms is elected by a majority of the members. At present, retired Police Major General Napoleon C. Taas is the Sergeant-at-Arms of the House of Representatives. The qualifications for membership in the House are expressly stated in Section 6, Art. VI of the 1987 Philippine Constitution as follows: There are two types of congressmen: those who represent geographic districts, and those who represent party-lists. The first-past-the-post (simple plurality voting) method
1296-459: The House; keeps the Journal of each session; notes all questions of order, among other things. The secretary general presides over the chamber at the first legislative session after an election, and is elected by a majority of the members. At present, Reginald S. Velasco is the Secretary General of the House of Representatives. The Sergeant-at-Arms is responsible for the maintenance of public order in
1350-641: The Malolos Congress of the short-lived 1st Republic of the Philippines from 1898 to 1901. The Congress’ notable achievement was the ratification of Philippine Independence when it was declared on June 12, 1898, in Kawit, Cavite. The Malolos Congress’ convened at the Barasoain church during the subsequent inauguration of Emilio Aguinaldo and the inauguration of the Malolos Constitution in 1898. A year prior to
1404-712: The Perfect Pearl, recounted, “I continued my search in the Sulu Islands with the help of Pochong Abubakar, a respected Muslim and friend of Manuel [Cojuangco].” Abubakar was instrumental in Jewelmer’s establishment, providing security and guidance in a region considered risky at the time. Abubakar entered the seaweed industry in the 1980s by establishing IA International Business. The company caters to clients in Europe, North America, and Asia, supplying premium-quality seaweed sourced from
1458-478: The Philippine Autonomy Act, changed the legislative system. The Philippine Commission was abolished and a new fully elected, bicameral Philippine Legislature consisting of a House of Representatives and a Senate was established. The Nacionalistas continued their electoral dominance at this point, although they were split into two factions led by Osmeña and Quezon; the two reconciled in 1924, and controlled
1512-578: The Philippine Council for Islam and Democracy. He is from the predominantly Muslim Sama tribe, which garners him a significant amount of respect in dealing with the Muslim militants.” When the international luxury brand Jewelmer was newly established, Ismael Abubakar Jr. played a crucial role in helping its founders harvest pearls in the Sulu region. Jacques Branellec, in his book The Ultimate Orient: The Quest for
1566-471: The Philippine general election, 2013. Officers in charge were appointed until the elections on May 13, 2013. Unlike Provincial Boards, where the Vice Governor heads the legislature, the ARMM Regional Legislative Assembly is headed separately by a Speaker which was the third highest-ranking official of the ARMM government. It is composed of three members for every congressional district . The current membership
1620-452: The Senate ad interim ). Around 80% of congressmen are district representatives, representing specific geographical areas. The 19th Congress has 253 congressional districts . Party-list representatives, who make up not more than twenty percent of the total number of representatives, are elected through the party-list system . Aside from needing its agreement to every bill before it is sent to
1674-593: The Shari’ah, the law governing Muslims. House of Representatives of the Philippines Minority (28) Vacant (5) The House of Representatives ( Filipino : Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ; Kamara from the Spanish word cámara , meaning "chamber") is the lower house of Congress , the bicameral legislature of the Philippines, with the Senate of the Philippines as the upper house . The lower house
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1728-408: The Speaker left office due to conflict with the president: examples include Jose de Venecia Jr. 's resignation as speaker in 2008 when his son Joey de Venecia exposed alleged corrupt practices by First Gentleman Mike Arroyo , and Manny Villar 's ouster occurred after he allowed the impeachment of President Estrada in 2000. The Philippines uses parallel voting for its lower house elections. For
1782-684: The United States, into successive electoral victories against the Progresista Party and later the Democrata Party , which first advocated United States statehood, then opposed immediate independence. It is this body, founded as the Philippine Assembly, that would continue in one form or another, and with a few different names, up until the present day. In 1916, the Jones Act , officially
1836-401: The candidates are most likely a part of an election slate that includes candidates for other positions in the locality, and slates may comprise different parties. The political parties contesting the election make no attempt to create a national campaign. Party-list campaigning, on the other hand, is done on a national scale. Parties usually attempt to appeal to a specific demographic. Polling
1890-463: The creation of new provinces and cities. The constitution gave Congress to nationally redistrict the country after the release of every census, but this has not been done. The original 200 districts meant that there should have been 50 party-list representatives. However, the constitution did not give the specifics on how party-list congressmen should have been elected. This led to presidents appointing sectoral representatives, which were then approved by
1944-466: The elections in the House of Representatives; in cases where the party of the president and the majority of the members of the House of Representatives are different, a sufficient number will break away and join the party of the president, thereby ensuring that the president will have control of the House of Representatives. This set up continued until President Ferdinand Marcos declared martial law and abolished Congress. He would rule by decree even after
1998-549: The establishment of the republic, the Congress approved the motion to declare war on the United States, thus beginning the Philippine-American War which lasted from 1899 to 1901. The Malolos Congress was dissolved on April 1, 1901, following Aguinaldo's declaration of allegiance to the United States when he was captured. At the beginning of American colonial rule, from March 16, 1900,
2052-552: The first American civilian Governor-General and the first leader of this Philippine Commission, which subsequently became known as the Taft Commission. The Philippine Bill of 1902 , a basic law, or organic act , of the Insular Government , mandated that once certain conditions were met a bicameral , or two-chamber, Philippine Legislature would be created with the previously existing, all-appointed Philippine Commission as
2106-587: The last special election was in 2023. For party-list representatives, the nominee next on the list is asked to replace the outgoing representative; if the nominee agrees, then that person would be sworn in as a member, if the nominee doesn't agree, then the nominee after that person is asked, and the process is repeated. Vacating party-list representatives have always been replaced this way. Eighty percent of representatives shall come from congressional districts, with each district returning one representative. The constitution mandates that every province and every city with
2160-496: The next (2022) election, then the Commission on Elections applied the court's ruling to the other district, bringing the number of districts to 243, while still keeping the 61 party-list representatives, for a total of 304 seats. Vacancies from representatives elected via districts are dealt with special elections , which may be done if the vacancy occurred less than a year before the next regularly-scheduled election. Special elections are infrequently done; despite several vacancies,
2214-687: The party-list ranks. The deputy speakers perform the speaker's role when the speaker is absent. In case in the resignation of the speaker, the deputy speakers shall elect from among themselves an acting speaker, until a speaker is elected. The outgoing deputy speakers of the House are former president and speaker Gloria Macapagal Arroyo , Congressman Raymond Democrito Mendoza , Congressman Roberto Puno , Congresswoman Kristine Singson-Meehan , Congressman Isidro Ungab , Congresswoman Camille Villar , former Senator and outgoing Congressman Ralph Recto , Congressman Aurelio Gonzales Jr. , and Congressman Vincent Franco-Frasco. The majority leader, aside from being
Ismael Abubakar Jr. - Misplaced Pages Continue
2268-442: The presidential system of government together with a bicameral Congress of the Philippines. One deviation from the previous setup was the introduction of the mid-term election; however, the dynamics of the House of Representatives resumed its pre-1972 state, with the party of the president controlling the chamber, although political pluralism ensued that prevented the restoration of the old Nacionalista-Liberal two-party system. Instead,
2322-499: The scope and limitations of the Assembly is defined in the Article VII. The 1st ARMM Regional Assembly was elected on February 12, 1990, to serve a three-year term, starting June 30, 1990. The first speaker was Ismael Abubakar Jr. Elections were held separately from the Philippine general elections from 1990 to 2008, when President Benigno Aquino III decided to suspend the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, and synchronized it with
2376-399: The session; decides on all questions of order, subject to appeal by any member; signs all acts, resolutions, memorials, writs, warrants, and subpoenas issued by or upon order of the House; appoints, suspends, dismisses, or disciplines House personnel; and exercise administrative functions. The speaker is elected by a majority of all the members of the House, including vacant seats. The speaker
2430-688: The sole national legislative body was the Philippine Commission with all members appointed by the President of the United States . Headed by the Governor-General of the Philippines the body exercised all legislative authority given to it by the President and the United States Congress until October 1907 when it was joined by the Philippine Assembly. William Howard Taft was chosen to be
2484-599: The spokesman of the majority party, is to direct the deliberations on the floor. The Majority Leader is also concurrently the Chairman of the Committee on Rules. The majority leader is elected in a party caucus of the ruling majority party. The incumbent House Majority Floor Leader is Congressman Manuel Jose Dalipe, a member of the Lakas–CMD party and is representing Zamboanga City's second congressional district. The minority leader
2538-449: The vote will win one seat each until all party-list seats are filled up. Political parties competing in the party-list election are barred from participating district elections, and vice versa, unless permitted by the Commission on Elections . Party-lists and political parties participating in the district elections may forge coalition deals with one another. Campaigning for elections from congressional districts seats are decidedly local;
2592-956: The waters of Mindanao. Moreover, he was elected Chairman of the Board of the Seaweeds Industry Association of the Philippines in 2000 and held the position until 2010. For 10 years, Abubakar was the Muslim Coordinator for the Inter Faith Council of Leaders and was a member of the Silsilah Dialogue Movement, a group formed by a priest in Zamboanga City. He also served as a convener for the Philippine Center for Islam and Democracy. ARMM Regional Legislative Assembly The ARMM Regional Assembly , also known as
2646-424: The way the winning seats are distributed, ensuring that all party-list seats are filled up. There were supposed to be 245 congressional districts that were to be disputed in the 2019 election , so there were 61 party-list seats contested in the party-list election. Elections in two of these districts were delayed due to its creation right before campaigning. The Supreme Court ruled that one district be contested in
2700-607: Was a member of the Philippine Constitutional Commission of 1986 . Abubakar was selected to serve as the Vice Governor of the Tawi-Tawi province in 1988, despite being a member of the opposition party. In 1990, he was elected to a seat in the ARMM Regional Legislative Assembly, and became that body's first speaker. In May 2003 Abubakar was elected as speaker of the Regional Legislative Assembly, but
2754-431: Was a position of speaker pro tempore for congresses prior the reorganization of the officers of the House of Representatives during the 10th Congress in 1995. The speaker pro tempore was the next highest position in the House after the speaker. The position was replaced by deputy speakers in 1995. Originally, there was one Deputy Speaker for each island group of Luzon , Visayas and Mindanao . Then, in 2001 during
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#17328518697802808-669: Was born on April 17, 1949 in Jolo, Sulu. A member of the Abubakar and Bederi families, Abubakar comes from the Sama-Bajau tribe and was born into an already prominent political family in the southern Philippines. His great-grandfather was Senator Hadji Butu Rasul, the first Muslim senator in the Philippine Senate, and his uncle, Yusuf R. Abubakar, was the Ambassador of the Philippines to Malaysia and
2862-572: Was enacted providing that on the date of the proclamation of the Republic of the Philippines, the existing Congress would be known as the First Congress of the Republic. The "Liberal bloc" of the Nacionalistas permanently split from their ranks, creating the Liberal Party . These two will contest all of the elections in what appeared to be a two-party system . The party of the ruling president wins
2916-473: Was prevented by a court order from exercising the functions of that office because Ibrahim Ibay also claimed that position, and the two had effectively been acting as speaker at the same time. In August 2003 he was again elected speaker of the Regional Legislative Assembly, making him its third speaker in 14 months. Abubakar also served as the first president of the Tawi-Tawo Chamber of Commerce Inc. In 2023,
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