The Iskut River , located in the northwest part of the province of British Columbia is the largest tributary of the Stikine River , entering it about 11 km (6.8 mi) above its entry into Alaska .
129-605: From its source at Kluachon Lake the Iskut River flows south and west for about 248 km (154 mi) to the Stikine River near the border of British Columbia and Alaska. The upper Iskut flows south through a series of lakes: Kluachon Lake, Eddontenajon Lake , Tatogga Lake , Kinaskan Lake , Natadesleen Lake , and others. The middle Iskut encompasses the area between the Little Iskut River and Forrest Kerr Creek . Below
258-482: A 101,171-hectare (250,000-acre) recreation area surrounding the 132,000-hectare (330,000-acre) park was also established in 1972. In 1989, Mount Edziza Provincial Park roughly doubled in size when 96,770 hectares (239,100 acres) was annexed from the Mount Edziza Recreation Area . In doing so, the recreation area was greatly reduced in size to around 4,000 hectares (9,900 acres). This small remnant of
387-628: A few hundred years ago. The cause of volcanic activity in the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province is thought to be due to rifting of the North American Cordillera driven by changes in relative plate motion between the North American and Pacific plates. A wide variety of volcanic rocks comprise Mount Edziza, the main mafic rock being basalt which comprises lava flows, cinder cones and ash beds on
516-458: A full dam and reservoir, rather a 7 m (23 ft) high weir diverts about 250 m/s (8,800 cu ft/s) of water from the Iskut into a 3.3 km (2.1 mi) power tunnel, leading to an underground power station containing turbines and generators . A tailrace tunnel returns the water to the Iskut River downstream of the powerhouse. Electricity generated by the project's substation
645-691: A large contiguous set of protected areas known collectively as the Stikine Country Protected Areas . British Columbia Highway 37 , also called the Stewart–Cassiar Highway, runs along the east side of the upper and part of the middle Iskut River. The Iskut River originates at Kluachon Lake , near the source of the Klastline River, and about 40 km (25 mi) west-northwest of Mount Edziza . A number of small streams feed Kluachon Lake, such as Kluachon Creek. From Kluachon Lake
774-462: A maximum depth of 120 m (390 ft). The Iskut exits the south end of the lake and flows into Kinaskan Lake Provincial Park , then enters Natadesleen Lake . After exiting Natadesleen Lake the Iskut River continues south. At the southern end of Kinaskan Lake Provincial Park the Iskut River tumbles down Cascade Falls , a staircase of Jurassic eroded sedimentary rocks , located about 500 m (1,600 ft) below Natadesleen Lake. Cascade Falls
903-488: A more moderate climate put an end to the neoglacial period in the 19th century which has resulted in rapid glacial recession throughout the Mount Edziza volcanic complex. This rapid glacial recession is apparent from the lack of vegetation on the barren, rocky ground between the glaciers and their trim lines which are up to 2 kilometres (1.2 miles) apart. Mount Edziza has an elevation of 2,786 metres (9,140 feet), making it
1032-477: A prominent cinder cone 2,100 metres (6,900 feet) in elevation. Eve Cone , 1,740 metres (5,710 feet) in elevation, is a symmetrical cone between Buckley Lake and Mount Edziza. The northernmost cinder cone in the Desolation Lava Field is Sidas Cone which consists of two symmetrical halves and reaches an elevation of 1,540 metres (5,050 feet). Mount Edziza is drained on all sides by streams within
1161-562: A regional glaciation that occurred during the Early Pleistocene . The lowermost basalt flow contains basal pillows , directly overlies hyaloclastites and is brecciated and deformed, suggesting it may have been extruded onto a glacier or an ice sheet . Its extrusion onto glacial ice is also evident due to the lack of fluvial and lacustrine sediments at the base of the basalt flow which suggests it did not extrude into lakes or streams. The steep sides and unusually large thicknesses of
1290-797: A remote location that is only accessible during summer and early autumn. There is no established road access to the mountain, although the Stewart–Cassiar Highway to the east and the Telegraph Creek Road to the northwest both extend within 40 kilometres (25 miles) of Mount Edziza. Extending from these roads are horse trails that provide access to the mountain. From Telegraph Creek, the Buckley Lake Trail extends about 15 kilometres (9.3 miles) southeast along Mess Creek and Three Mile Lake. It then traverses about 15 kilometres (9.3 miles) northeast along Dagaichess Creek and Stinking Lake to
1419-536: A separate volcanic zone called the east slope centres. The Sheep Track Member is the product of an explosive eruption that originated from the southwestern flank of Ice Peak. It was deposited on all lava flows and cinder cones in the Snowshoe Lava Field with the exception of The Saucer which likely postdates the Sheep Track eruption. The source of the Sheep Track pumice is unknown but it probably originated from
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#17328450707391548-399: A series of rhyolite and trachyte domes. Basalt flows and smaller amounts of trachyte, tristanite , trachybasalt , benmoreite and mugearite produced during the second stage about 1 million years ago comprise Ice Peak , the glacially eroded remains of a stratovolcano in the form of a pyramid-shaped horn . The third and fourth stages 0.9 million years ago created basalt ridges and
1677-425: A small crater at its summit; the current peak is an erosional remnant etched from the eastern crater rim. High on the eastern rim of Ice Peak are two glaciated volcanic cones called Icefall Cone and Ridge Cone , both of which are about 2,285 metres (7,497 feet) in elevation. Punch Cone on the western flank of Ice Peak protrudes through Mount Edziza's ice cap whereas Koosick Bluff and Ornostay Bluff , also on
1806-705: A vent hidden under Tencho Glacier. Holocene in age, the Big Raven Formation has yielded dates of 6520 BCE ± 200 years, 750 BCE ± 100 years, 610 CE ± 150 years and 950 CE ± 6000 years. Underlying the aforementioned geological formations is the Tenchen Member of the Nido Formation , one of many stratigraphic units forming the Big Raven Plateau. Basalt flows and pyroclastic rocks of this Pliocene geological member are exposed north of Raspberry Pass on
1935-466: Is 1,920 metres (6,300 feet) in elevation and has a diameter of about 0.5 square kilometres (0.19 square miles). The Desolation Lava Field contains at least 10 cinder cones, most of which are clustered near the northern trim line of Mount Edziza's ice cap. Sleet Cone and Storm Cone are rounded, mostly soil-covered, conical mounds that reach elevations of 1,783 metres (5,850 feet) and 2,135 metres (7,005 feet), respectively. North of Storm Cone are
2064-582: Is a barrier to fish migration, and the Forrest Kerr Hydroelectric Project at the head of the canyon is impassable to fish migration. Thus anadromous fish are blocked from the middle Iskut River watershed. There are ongoing studies to assess whether modifications to the river in the canyon and the Forrest Kerr diversion weir could allow fish migration into the middle Iskut watershed. Studies have shown that some sockeye and steelhead are keyed to
2193-413: Is a nearly symmetrical stratovolcano, its symmetry having been broken by several steep-sided lava domes. Its eastern flank has been eroded by a narrow cirque which is bounded by near-vertical headwalls that breach the eastern summit crater rim. A system of radial meltwater channels has moderately eroded the upper flanks and summit crater rim elsewhere. Lesser modification by erosion has taken place on
2322-430: Is a partially buried lava dome on the northeastern flank of Mount Edziza. Remnants of a volcanic pile called Pharaoh Dome occur along the eastern flank of Mount Edziza. They lie at an elevation of 2,200 metres (7,200 feet) between Tennaya Creek and Cartoona Ridge. Cinder Cliff is a 210-metre-high (690-foot) barrier of volcanic rocks on the eastern side of Mount Edziza at an elevation of 1,800 metres (5,900 feet) in
2451-424: Is almost completely surrounded by ice. Cocoa Crater is the largest cone in the Snowshoe Lava Field and is 2,117 metres (6,946 feet) in elevation. To the southeast is Coffee Crater which has an elevation of 2,000 metres (6,600 feet). Keda Cone , 1,980 metres (6,500 feet) in elevation, lies just south of Coffee Crater on the south side of upper Taweh Creek . A saucer -shaped mound of lava called The Saucer
2580-617: Is an impassable upstream barrier to fish migration, blocking anadromous fish from reaching the upper Iskut watershed. Cascade Falls also marks the transition between the upper and middle Iskut River drainage basins. Just downstream of Cascade Falls the Little Iskut River joins the Iskut River. Originating in Mount Edziza Provincial Park , the Little Iskut River is a major tributary with a watershed area of 453 km (175 sq mi), about 5% glacier-covered. Much of
2709-516: Is characterized by several outlet glaciers stretching out to lower altitudes. All sides of Mount Edziza are drained by tributaries of Mess Creek and Kakiddi Creek which are situated within the Stikine River watershed . Mount Edziza consists of several types of volcanic rocks and at least six geological formations that formed during six distinct stages of volcanic activity . The first stage 1.1 million years ago produced basalt flows and
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#17328450707392838-567: Is covered by glaciers. The lower Ningunsaw is braided and has good salmonid spawning habitats, although anadromous fish are currently unable to reach the Ningunsaw. The Ningunsaw River originates in Ningunsaw Provincial Park , and flows along the edge of Ningunsaw River Ecological Reserve , which is within the river's watershed. The historic Yukon Telegraph Trail passes through Ningunsaw Provincial Park and Ecological Reserve, then runs up
2967-558: Is in Alaska. A few kilometres below Caralin Creek the Iskut River empties into the Stikine River just north of the community of Stikine , and south of Fowler , Great Glacier Provincial Park , and Choquette Hot Springs Provincial Park . Most of the Iskut River watershed has been part of the Tahltan peoples homeland since prehistoric times. The lower Iskut is part of a shared transitional zone between
3096-639: Is in the asserted traditional territory of the Tahltan First Nation and Iskut First Nation , of the Tahltan people. The lower Iskut River is also in the traditional territory of the Tlingit , specifically the Shtax'héen Ḵwáan, commonly known as the Stikine River people . The name of the Iskut River possibly comes from a Nisga'a word meaning "stinking", otherwise of unknown origin. The upper Iskut River, defined as
3225-477: Is instead translated as "kutlves" in the Tahltan language. An explanation listed in the BC Parks brochure is that Edziza means "cinders" in the Tahltan language. Another explanation proposed by Canadian volcanologist Jack Souther is that Edziza is a corruption of Edzerza, the name of a local Tahltan family. Misspellings of Edziza include Eddziza, Eddiza, Edidza, Edzia and Etseza. Mount Edziza rises from within
3354-502: Is one of seven ecosections comprising the Boreal Mountains and Plateaus Ecoregion , a large ecological region of northwestern British Columbia encompassing high plateaus and rugged mountains with intervening lowlands . Boreal forests of black and white spruce occur in the lowlands and valley bottoms of this ecoregion whereas birch , spruce and willow form forests on the mid-slopes. Extensive alpine altai fescue covers
3483-506: Is partially exposed above the ice cap as a discontinuous series of spires and serrated nunataks . Spires forming the southern end of the ridge are the highest and consist of greenish grey, sparsely porphyritic trachyte . They comprise well-formed, small diameter rock columns that rise nearly vertically more than 90 metres (300 feet) above the ice cap. Nunataks elsewhere on the summit ridge are more subdued, consisting of pyroclastic debris that has been glacially reworked. The eastern side of
3612-551: Is sparsely covered by trachyte of the Edziza Formation while the western edge of the ridge overlaps with a large flow of Edziza trachyte. Tsekone Ridge is an isolated volcanic pile adjacent to Pillow Ridge consisting of basaltic pillow lava and tuff breccia that has been cut by vertical north-trending feeder dikes . This ridge is elliptical in structure, containing a nearly 2-kilometre-long (1.2-mile), north–south trending axis. Nearly surrounding Tsekone Ridge are trachyte flows of
3741-644: Is the Pyramid Formation which formed during a period of volcanic activity 1.1 million years ago. Another period of volcanic activity about 1 million years ago deposited the Ice Peak Formation on the southern part of the Pyramid Formation. The Pillow Ridge and Edziza formations were formed by two periods of volcanic activity 0.9 million years ago, both of which overlie the Ice Peak Formation. A period of volcanic activity 0.3 million years ago deposited
3870-399: Is the glacially eroded remains of an older stratovolcano whose northern flank is buried under the younger edifice of Mount Edziza. The southern and western flanks are approximal to those of the original stratovolcano whereas the eastern flank has been almost completely destroyed by headward erosion of glacial valleys. At its climax, the stratovolcano had a symmetrical profile and contained
3999-463: Is the only location where mugearites and benmoreites are found in the Mount Edziza volcanic complex. Felsic volcanic rocks such as trachyte and rhyolite form the central stratovolcano of Mount Edziza, the upper part of Ice Peak and several lava domes and flows, as well as pyroclastic rocks. Mount Edziza is subdivided into at least six geological formations , each the product of a distinct stage of volcanic activity. The oldest geological formation
Iskut River - Misplaced Pages Continue
4128-524: Is transmitted to BC Hydro's substation at Bob Quinn Lake via a transmission line built by AltaGas. The Forrest Kerr Project is one of the largest run-of-river hydroelectric projects in North America. AltaGas built two other nearby run-of-river projects, the 66 MW McLymont Creek Hydro Project, and the 16 MW Volcano Creek Project, both of which began producing electricity in 2014. The Forrest Kerr Project's diversion weir blocks fish migration. The canyon below
4257-517: The Boundary Ranges of the Coast Mountains . The Iskut River's watershed covers 9,544 km (3,685 sq mi), and its mean annual discharge is 457 m/s (16,100 cu ft/s). The river's watershed's land cover is classified as 34.6% conifer forest , 20.1% barren , 18.2% snow / glacier , 13.4% shrubland , 10.0% herbaceous , and small amounts of other cover. The mouth of
4386-567: The Nass River watershed, where it follows the Nass tributary, Bell-Irving River . Near Bob Quinn Lake the Iskut is joined by one of its largest tributaries, the Ningunsaw River , flowing from the southeast. The Ningunsaw River's watershed covers an area of 673 km (260 sq mi). The landscape is very mountainous with elevations up to 2,183 m (7,162 ft). About 12% of the watershed
4515-755: The Ningunsaw River the Iskut flows southwest through a canyon and is regulated by the Forrest Kerr Hydroelectric Project , a run-of-river hydroelectric project. The lower Iskut flows west through an increasingly braided channel. The upper Iskut is in the Klastline Plateau , a subregion of the Stikine Plateau . The middle Iskut forms the boundary between the Stikine Plateau and the Skeena Mountains . The lower Iskut flows through
4644-559: The Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province , weeps out of a rocky embankment and into the Iskut River. Most of the springs are only a few metres from the river during low flows and are submerged during high flows. South of the hot springs the Iskut River is joined by More Creek , which originates in Mount Edziza Provincial Park, then Thomas Creek and Devil Creek. Continuing south the Iskut flows along
4773-509: The Stikine River watershed . Elwyn Creek is a westward-flowing stream originating from the northwestern flank of Mount Edziza. It contains one named tributary , Kadeya Creek , which flows northwest from Mount Edziza. Sezill Creek is a westward-flowing stream originating from the western flank of Mount Edziza. It is a tributary of Taweh Creek which flows northwest from just south of Mount Edziza. Elwyn Creek and Taweh Creek are tributaries of Mess Creek which flows northwestward into
4902-565: The interior plateau Tahltan and the coastal Tlingit people. In protohistoric times the Tlingit ascended the Stikine River and its tributaries, including the lower Iskut, in large canoes during the summer to dry salmon and berries. They also visited trading camps as far inland as Telegraph Creek and the Tahltan River . In the winter the Tahltan had exclusive use of the lower Iskut and Stikine for fishing, hunting, and trapping, as far downriver as
5031-476: The 1950s where gold , silver and other metals were discovered. This mineral exploration was conducted by several mineral exploration companies into the early 1990s. Mount Edziza and the surrounding area was made into a large provincial park in the early 1970s to showcase the volcanic landscape. The mountain and provincial park can only be accessed by aircraft or by a network of footpaths from surrounding roads. A number of explanations have been made regarding
5160-475: The Big Raven Plateau where Eve Cone, Sidas Cone and Tsekone Ridge are visible along the route. Most of the Buckley Lake to Mowdade Lake Route is marked by a series of rock cairns from Tsekone Ridge onwards. The distance between Buckley Lake and Mowdade Lake is about 70 kilometres (43 miles) but the hiking length between these two lakes varies depending on the route taken; it can take a minimum of 7 days to hike
5289-399: The Buckley Lake to Mowdade Lake Route. The weather can change extremely fast along this hiking trail. Mount Edziza can also be accessed by float plane or helicopter, both of which are available for charter at the communities of Iskut and Dease Lake. Kakiddi Lake, Nuttlude Lake, Mowdade Lake, Mowchilla Lake and Buckley Lake are large enough to be used by float-equipped aircraft. Landing on
Iskut River - Misplaced Pages Continue
5418-499: The Chiyone (wolf) clan or moiety. The Kartchottee (raven) band of the Tses'Kiya (raven) clan occupied much of the lower Stikine and Iskut Rivers. During the maritime fur trade era of the late 18th and early 19th centuries Tlingit–Tahltan trade intensified as the Tlingit gained local monopolies on trade with Russian, British, and American trading ships. Tlingit Chief Shakes controlled trade up
5547-566: The Desolation Lava Field, the Snowshoe Lava Field, Icefall Cone, Ridge Cone, Cinder Cliff and the Sheep Track Member . All of these features consist of alkali basalt and hawaiite with the exception of the Sheep Track Member which comprises a small volume of trachyte pumice. Some of the lava flows comprising the Desolation Lava Field issued from vents adjacent to the northern trim line of the summit ice cap where meltwater interacted with
5676-420: The Edziza Formation has yielded an age of 0.9 ± 0.3 million years. The Kakiddi Formation consists of the remains of thick trachyte flows and associated pyroclastic rocks. They are lithologically and geomorphologically similar to Edziza Formation trachytes but occur south of the central stratovolcano of Mount Edziza. The remains of a nearly 1-kilometre-wide (0.62-mile), rubble-covered trachyte flow are present on
5805-474: The Edziza Formation which is slightly younger than the Pillow Ridge Formation. Fission track dating of apatite from partially fused granitic xenoliths in contaminated Pillow Ridge Formation basalt has yielded ages of 0.9 ± 0.3 million years and 0.8 ± 0.25 million years. In contrast, potassium–argon dating has yielded an anomalously old age of 5.9 ± 0.9 million years which is inconsistent with
5934-552: The Edziza Formation. From Cartoona Ridge north to Tennaya Creek are isolated remnants of Pharaoh Dome, the main mass of which comprises flow-layered rhyolite and is buried under basalt of the Ice Peak Formation. The Ice Peak Formation consists of lava and pyroclastic rocks that originated mainly from Ice Peak about 5 kilometres (3.1 miles) south of the summit of Mount Edziza. Two stratigraphic units comprise this once symmetrical stratovolcano, both of which are lithologically distinct. The lower stratigraphic unit, which forms much of
6063-470: The Forrest Kerr Project's diversion weir at the head of the canyon is impassable to fish migration. Thus anadromous fish are blocked from the middle and upper Iskut River watershed. There are ongoing studies to assess whether modifications to the river in the canyon and to the Forrest Kerr diversion weir could allow fish migration into the middle Iskut watershed. The canyon marks the transition from
6192-449: The Hawk vein. Further geochemical and geological surveying was performed by Moongold Resources from 1987 to 1989. Mineral exploration conducted by Columbia Gold Mines from 1990 to 1992 consisted of rock sampling, trenching and 7,066 metres (23,182 feet) of drilling in 50 holes. Mount Edziza and the surrounding area was designated as a provincial park in 1972 to showcase the volcanic landscape;
6321-402: The Ice Peak Formation has yielded ages of 1.6 ± 0.2 million years, 1.5 ± 0.4 million years and 1.5 ± 0.1 million years. These dates being older than those of the Pyramid Formation may be due to excess argon in the Ice Peak Formation and are therefore considered unreliable. Ice Peak Formation basalt flows on the northwestern flank of Mount Edziza are interbedded with diamictites recording
6450-577: The Iskut River flows south about 2 km (1.2 mi) to Eddontenajon Lake , joined along the way by Zetu Creek, flowing southwest from Zechtoo Mountain. The settlement of Iskut , home of the Tahltan Iskut First Nation , is located on Zetu Creek, southeast of Kluachon Lake. The Iskut First Nation's main Indian reserve is "Iskut 6", located at the community of Iskut. The Iskut First Nation administers two other reserves, "Kluachon 1", located at
6579-504: The Iskut River is located about 48 km (30 mi) northeast of Wrangell, Alaska , about 140 km (87 mi) northwest of Stewart, British Columbia , and about 133 km (83 mi) south of Telegraph Creek, British Columbia . The Iskut watershed is highly glaciated and is characterized by landscapes shaped by geologically recent glaciers and the Laurentide Ice Sheet as well as volcanism . The Iskut River watershed
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#17328450707396708-419: The Iskut River to the vicinity of the Little Iskut River, where it leaves the Iskut, passes through the Little Iskut River watershed and through Mount Edziza Provincial Park to Telegraph Creek on the Stikine River. After the Ningunsaw confluence the Iskut River turns southwest, flowing through a braided channel and receiving the waters of Estshi Creek. The braided section comes to an end as Volcano Creek joins from
6837-505: The Iskut watershed, including cutthroat trout , three-spined stickleback , and kokanee salmon . Between Forrest Kerr Creek and Snippaker Creek the Iskut River flows through the Lower Iskut Canyon, about 20 km (12 mi) long, which is carved into basaltic lava flows from Iskut Canyon Cone . Below the canyon the braided portion of the Iskut River begins. The Lower Iskut Canyon, between Snippaker Creek and Forrest Kerr Creek,
6966-632: The Kakiddi Formation which also overlies the Ice Peak Formation. The youngest geological formation comprising Mount Edziza is the Big Raven Formation which was formed by a period of volcanic activity in the last 20,000 years. The Pyramid Formation is exposed along the deeply eroded eastern flank of Mount Edziza where rhyolite and trachyte flows, domes and pyroclastic rocks of this formation comprise ridges and prominent cliffs. A basaltic lava flow sequence up to 65 metres (213 feet) thick overlies
7095-668: The Klastline River. After entering Mount Edziza Provincial Park, the Klastline River Trail traverses northwest along the Klastline River for about 10 kilometres (6.2 miles) and then crosses the river north of the MEVC. From there, the Klastline River Trail traverses west for about 15 kilometres (9.3 miles) to the northeastern end of Buckley Lake where it meets with the Buckley Lake Trail and the Buckley Lake to Mowdade Lake Route. The Buckley Lake to Mowdade Lake Route traverses south from Buckley Lake along Buckley Creek and gradually climbs onto
7224-480: The Koosick and Ornostay bluffs, both of which are thick lobes of trachyte that originated under the summit ice cap. Both bluffs are similar in geomorphology and composition, consisting of several lava flows up to 75 metres (246 feet) thick. The Neck, which forms a prominent 215-metre-high (705-foot) buttress on Sorcery Ridge, is also part of the Ice Peak Formation. Potassium–argon dating of pantelleritic trachyte from
7353-483: The Spectrum property by Consolidated Silver Ridge Mines and Newhawk Mines between 1976 and 1981. Consolidated Silver Ridge Mines also built an airstrip and carried out 3,232 metres (10,604 feet) of drilling in 28 holes during this time period. Additional work on the Spectrum property by Newhawk Mines during this time period included the construction of an access road and 313 metres (1,027 feet) of underground development on
7482-450: The Stikine River. Tsecha Creek is a northeast-flowing stream originating from the northern flank of Mount Edziza. Nido Creek flows northeastward from the eastern side of Mount Edziza into Nuttlude Lake . Flowing from the eastern flank of Mount Edziza just southeast of The Pyramid is Tenchen Creek. Shaman Creek flows east and north into Kakiddi Lake from the southern flank of Mount Edziza. Tennaya Creek flows northeastward from
7611-651: The Stikine and Iskut Rivers, which largely consisted of Western goods exchanged for furs. Non-indigenous people first visited the middle and upper Iskut River watershed in 1824. In 1825 the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) and the Russian-American Company (RAC) claimed area for trapping fur-bearing mammals. In 1838 Robert Campbell of the HBC made contact with the Tahltan from the interior, seeking to establish trading relations. But
7740-551: The Stikine or Iskut rivers, potentially destroying salmon runs and threatening river bank villages. Like other volcanoes in Canada, Mount Edziza is not monitored closely enough by the Geological Survey of Canada to ascertain its activity level. The Canadian National Seismograph Network has been established to monitor earthquakes throughout Canada, but it is too far away to provide an accurate indication of activity under
7869-493: The Stikine–Iskut confluence. The fishing village of Saksina was located on the lower Iskut River near the Stikine confluence. The Tahltan traded caribou and moose hides, furs, sinew, babiche , obsidian , snowshoes , and other items to the Tlingit in exchange for fish oils , dentalia and haliotis shells, knives, axes, wooden boxes, woven baskets, Chilkat blankets , and other ceremonial items. Trade and intermarriage linked
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#17328450707397998-525: The Tahltan Central Government, said "Mount Edziza and the surrounding area has always been sacred to the Tahltan Nation. The obsidian from this portion of our territory provided us with weaponry, tools and trading goods that ensured our Tahltan people could thrive for thousands of years." The mountain was labelled Edziza Peak on Geological Survey of Canada maps as early as 1926. This name for
8127-549: The Tahltan and Tlingit. Socially the Tahltan were divided into two exogamous moieties or clans , Tses'Kiya (raven) and Chiyone (wolf). These were further divided into three groups, sometimes also called clans. Around 1750 Tahltan–Tlingit intermarriage gave rise to a fourth group, the Nanyiee (wolf) family or band. Most of the Iskut River's watershed was inhabited by the Tahltan Tuckclarwaydee (also called "Naskoten") band of
8256-522: The Tahltan people. This volcanic glass was used in the manufacturing of projectile points and cutting blades which were widely traded throughout the Pacific Northwest . Artifacts made of this obsidian have been recovered from archaeological sites over an area of more than 2,200,000 km (850,000 sq mi) across Alaska, Alberta , Yukon and the British Columbia Coast , making it
8385-403: The Tahltan resented the disruption of established trading patterns and Chief Shakes had convinced the Tahltan that traders from the interior were enemies and should be killed. Campbell was forced to retreat from the region. In the late 1830s the HBC and RAC clashed over control of the coastal fur trade in the Stikine River area. In 1839 an agreement was reached in which the HBC leased a section of
8514-520: The Triplex Cones, a group of three eroded circular mounds reaching an elevation of 1,785 metres (5,856 feet). Twin Cone , 1,430 metres (4,690 feet) in elevation, is a pyroclastic cone whose southeastern side has been breached. Moraine Cone has an elevation of nearly 2,135 metres (7,005 feet) and has been nearly destroyed by alpine glaciation. The northeastern side of Mount Edziza contains Williams Cone ,
8643-413: The age of the underlying and overlying formations. This date being much older than the fission track dates most likely results from contamination and introduction of excess argon from the partially fused granitic and gneissic xenoliths in Pillow Ridge Formation basalt. The Edziza Formation consists mainly of trachyte that straddles the pantelleritic trachyte and comenditic trachyte boundary. It includes
8772-403: The area: the Forrest Kerr Hydroelectric Project, McLymont Creek Hydroelectric Project, and Volcano Creek Hydroelectric Project, all of which began operating in 2014. The largest is the Forrest Kerr Project, which diverts a portion of the Iskut River into a 3 km (1.9 mi) tunnel leading to an underground hydroelectric powerhouse. The Lower Iskut Canyon is a barrier to fish migration , and
8901-496: The basal trachytic surge deposit of the Pyramid Formation; it is included as a part of this formation due to it being coeval with the early stages of Pyramid felsic volcanism. Potassium–argon dating of the Pyramid Formation has yielded ages of 1.2 ± 0.4 million years and 1.2 ± 0.03 million years from comenditic glass , as well as 0.94 ± 0.12 million years and 0.94 ± 0.05 million years from trachyte. The Pyramid Formation includes Sphinx Dome, Pharaoh Dome and The Pyramid which were
9030-485: The central stratovolcano of Mount Edziza, as well as several satellitic features on its summit and flanks. Inside the summit crater of the stratovolcano is a succession of at least four lava lakes that are exposed in the breached eastern crater rim. They are represented by at least four cooling units, the lower two of which are about 30 metres (98 feet) thick. The two upper cooling units reach thicknesses of about 90 metres (300 feet) and may have originated from Nanook Dome,
9159-715: The central trachyte stratovolcano of Mount Edziza, respectively. Thick trachyte flows were issued during the fifth stage 0.3 million years ago, most of which have since eroded away. The sixth stage began in the last 20,000 years with the eruption of cinder cones, basalt flows and minor trachyte. Renewed volcanism could block local streams with lava flows, disrupt air traffic with volcanic ash and produce floods or lahars from melting glacial ice. Indigenous peoples have lived adjacent to Mount Edziza for thousands of years. The Tahltan people historically used volcanic glass from Mount Edziza to make tools and weaponry. Mineral exploration just southeast of Mount Edziza commenced in at least
9288-420: The coast and gained access to the Stikine River trade. The HBC acquired an RAC outpost at present Wrangell, Alaska, and named it Fort Stikine . The Tlingit resisted the HBC's attempts to take over the Stikine River trade, forcing the HBC to suspend plans to occupy the interior. During this period of intensified trade many aspects of the Tlingit's coastal culture spread into the interior. Diseases also spread from
9417-401: The coast into the interior, causing a drastic reduction in both Tlingit and Tahltan populations. Several smallpox epidemics devastated the Tahltan people, including one in 1836-38 and the 1862 Pacific Northwest smallpox epidemic . In 1861 prospectors began to search for gold in the Stikine River basin. By 1878 most of the Iskut and Stikine River drainages had been explored by Westerners. In
9546-685: The early 20th century the region became a destination for recreational hunters. Hunting camps were established throughout the region. Local natives were employed as hunting guides. In the 1950s scientists began studying the area's significant wildlife ecosystems, eventually leading to the establishment of Spatsizi Plateau Wilderness Provincial Park in 1975. Many other protected areas have been established since then. The Iskut River supports runs of anadromous salmonid fish species, including bull trout , Chinook salmon , chum salmon , coho salmon , Dolly Varden trout , pink salmon , sockeye salmon , and steelhead trout . Many other fish species are present in
9675-457: The east, then Forrest Kerr Creek joins from the north. Between Forrest Kerr Creek and Snippaker Creek the Iskut River flows through the Lower Iskut Canyon, about 20 km (12 mi) long, which is carved into basaltic lava flows from Iskut Canyon Cone . McLymont Creek, flowing from the north, joins the Iskut in the canyon. Snippaker Creek, flowing from the south, joins at the end of the canyon. Three hydroelectric projects have been built in
9804-576: The eastern and western flanks of Mount Edziza. Much of the Tenchen Member as well as the southern edge of the Ice Peak volcanic pile are underlain by the Armadillo Formation which consists of Miocene comendite, trachyte and alkali basalt. Most of Mount Edziza is also underlain by Miocene basalt flows of the Raspberry Formation which form the base of prominent escarpments east and west of
9933-509: The eastern flank of Ice Peak in Sorcery Valley and in the south fork of Tennaya Valley where it is divided into two tributary branches. In Kakiddi Valley, the lava flow appears to have spread out to form a once continuous, terminal lobe at least 5 kilometres (3.1 miles) wide; remnants of this terminal lobe are present in the form of isolated outcrops adjacent to Kakiddi Lake and Nuttlude Lake. The source of this Kakiddi flow remains unknown but
10062-801: The eastern side of Mount Edziza into Nuttlude Lake. All five streams are tributaries of Kakiddi Creek , a north-flowing tributary of the Klastline River which flows north into the Stikine River. Mount Edziza is part of the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province , a broad area of shield volcanoes, lava domes, cinder cones and stratovolcanoes extending from northwestern British Columbia northwards through Yukon into easternmost Alaska . The dominant rocks comprising these volcanoes are alkali basalts and hawaiites , but nephelinite , basanite and peralkaline phonolite , trachyte and comendite are locally abundant. These rocks were deposited by volcanic eruptions from 20 million years ago to as recently as
10191-486: The erupting lava to form tuff rings . These tuff rings composed of quenched breccia later transitioned into normal subaerial cinder cones as the progressing eruptions displaced ice and meltwater. The Snowshoe Lava Field contains subglacial and subaerial cones, as well as transitional cones which consist of both subaqueous and subaerial ejecta . Eruptions on the heavily eroded eastern flank of Mount Edziza created Icefall Cone, Ridge Cone and Cinder Cliff which comprise
10320-420: The flanks of the mountain. Basalt at Mount Edziza is in the form of alkali basalt and hawaiite; the latter is thought to be the product of partial fractional crystallization in subterranean magma chambers . Volcanic rocks of intermediate composition such as trachybasalt , tristanite , mugearite and benmoreite are restricted to Ice Peak where they form the upper part of this subsidiary peak. Ice Peak
10449-428: The flow chemistry of the Forrest Kerr tailrace sufficiently to enter the power tunnel, which suggests that these fish originated above the canyon. The Iskut River's watershed provides habitat for a large number of animal species. The upper Iskut region supports populations of wolverine, fisher, grizzly bear , Stone sheep , mountain goat , moose , woodland caribou , wolf , and hoary marmot , among many others. Among
10578-497: The highest point of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex . However, it had an elevation of at least 3,396 metres (11,142 feet) before its formerly cone-shaped summit was likely destroyed by a violent eruption in the geologic past; its current flat summit contains an ice-filled, 2-kilometre-in diameter (1.2-mile) crater . The mountain contains several lava domes , cinder cones and lava fields on its flanks, as well as an ice cap that
10707-503: The highest point of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex. It has been considered by some to be the highest volcano in Canada, but other sources give higher elevations of 2,860 and 3,160 metres (9,380 and 10,370 feet) for the Silverthrone volcanic complex in southwestern British Columbia. The nearly flat summit of Mount Edziza contains a circular ridge that surrounds an ice-filled, 2-kilometre-in diameter (1.2-mile) crater . This ridge
10836-400: The ice cap near the head of Tennaya Creek . At the head of Tenchen Creek is Tenchen Glacier , a debris-covered glacier on the eastern side of the ice cap. Tencho Glacier at the southern end of the ice cap is the largest outlet glacier. At the head of Tennaya Creek on the eastern side of the ice cap is Tennaya Glacier . As a part of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex, Mount Edziza
10965-400: The large number of bird species found in the upper Iskut region are northern goshawk , great horned owl , yellow-bellied sapsucker , green-winged teal , blue-listed short-eared owl , and locally endangered Hudsonian godwit . Since 2015 the Iskut River has been regulated by the Forrest Kerr Hydroelectric Project, a 195 MW run-of-river hydroelectric project, located at the head of
11094-423: The largest of three lava domes consisting of Edziza Formation trachyte. Nanook Dome is about 750 metres (2,460 feet) in diameter whose structure appears to be nearly identical to its original form. The other two Edziza Formation trachyte domes, Glacier Dome and Triangle Dome, are elliptical in structure and contain concentric flow layering. Potassium–argon dating of pantelleritic trachyte or comenditic trachyte from
11223-589: The local Tahltan people as Tenh Dẕetle ( / ˈ t ɛ n ˌ θ ɛ t . l ʌ h / ten-thet-luh ), is a volcanic mountain in Cassiar Land District of northwestern British Columbia , Canada. It is located on the Big Raven Plateau of the Tahltan Highland which extends along the western side of the Stikine Plateau . Mount Edziza has an elevation of 2,786 metres (9,140 feet), making it
11352-423: The lower Little Iskut River is braided. Continuing south the Iskut is joined by Three Mile Creek, then Eastman Creek. Burrage Creek, a significant tributary, joins the Iskut from the southeast, after which the Iskut begins to flow through a constraining canyon in which it is joined by Ball Creek and Durham Creek. The Iskut flows by Iskut River Hot Springs Provincial Park . Extremely hot water, heated by magma of
11481-536: The lower canyon just above the mouth of Forrest Kerr Creek. Developed by AltaGas , construction began in 2010 and was finished in June 2014 at a cost of CAD $ 725 million. Various contractors were involved in construction, including the Tahltan Nation Development Corporation. AltaGas signed a purchase agreement with BC Hydro to supply electricity to BC Hydro's power grid . The project does not use
11610-503: The main agencies that would respond to an erupting volcano in Canada, an eruption close to the Canada–United States border or any eruption that would affect Canada. Mount Edziza lies within the traditional territory of the Tahltan people which covers an area of more than 93,500 square kilometres (36,100 square miles). Historically, Mount Edziza and other volcanoes of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex were sources of obsidian for
11739-402: The main sources of the rhyolites and trachytes of this geological formation. The Pyramid is a prominent trachyte dome whose structure has not been greatly modified by erosion, nor has it been buried under younger lavas. In contrast, much of the southern edge of Sphinx Dome has been destroyed by headward erosion of Cook Creek; the western half of this rhyolite dome is also buried under trachyte of
11868-441: The middle of the Big Raven Plateau, a barren plateau in Cassiar Land District bounded on the west by Mess Valley, on the north by Klastline Valley , on the east by Kakiddi Valley and on the south by Chakima and Walkout valleys, the latter two of which are separated by mountainous terrain . It lies at the northern end of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex which also includes the smaller Arctic Lake and Kitsu plateaus to
11997-583: The middle reach of the Iskut River to the lower reach, in which the Iskut flows in a highly braided channel almost directly west through the Coast Mountains. Below Snippaker Creek the Iskut is joined by the Verrett River , flowing from the north, Bronson Creek, from the south, Twin River , from the north, Craig River , from the south, Zippa Creek, from the south, Hoodoo River , from the north, Inhini River , from
12126-452: The most powerful eruptions around the world; parts of northwestern Canada could be affected by an ash column if an explosive eruption were to happen from the volcano. Ash columns can drift for thousands of kilometres downwind and often become increasingly spread out over a larger area with increasing distance from an erupting vent. Mount Edziza lies under a major air route from Vancouver , British Columbia to Whitehorse , Yukon, suggesting
12255-503: The most widely distributed obsidian in western North America. The Hidden Falls archaeological site in Alaska has yielded a hydration date of 10,000 years for Edziza obsidian , suggesting the area was being exploited as an obsidian source soon after ice sheets of the Last Glacial Period retreated. Two obsidian flows of the Pyramid Formation occur on The Pyramid and are exposed as two outcrops; they were quarried as evidenced by
12384-400: The mountain is characterized by a series of ridges with intervening valleys. Among these ridges are Idiji Ridge and Sorcery Ridge which are the namesakes of Idiji Glacier and Sorcery Creek , respectively. About 5 kilometres (3.1 miles) south of the summit is Ice Peak , the south peak of Mount Edziza. This prominent pyramid-shaped horn has an elevation of 2,500 metres (8,200 feet) and
12513-609: The mountain was adopted by the Geographical Names Board of Canada on September 24, 1945, as identified on the 1926 Geological Survey of Canada map sheet 309A. The name Edziza Mountain appeared in the 1930 BC Gazetteer in which it was erroneously spelled Edzia. On December 3, 1974, the form of name was changed from Edziza Peak to Mount Edziza in accordance to a 1927 British Columbia Land Surveyors report, two world aeronautical charts published in 1950 and three British Columbia maps published in 1931, 1933 and 1943. The form of name
12642-835: The mountain. These geological formations are underlain by the Stikinia terrane , a Paleozoic and Mesozoic suite of volcanic and sedimentary rocks that accreted to the continental margin of North America during the Jurassic . Natural Resources Canada considers Mount Edziza a high threat volcano because it has had the highest eruption rate in Canada throughout the Holocene. However, its extremely remote location makes it less hazardous than Mount Garibaldi , Mount Price , Mount Cayley and Mount Meager in southwestern British Columbia. Mount Edziza trachyte and rhyolite have silica -rich compositions that are comparable to those associated with
12771-453: The mountain. Edzerza was buried on Mount Edziza but his surname was erroneously spelled "Edzertza" on his grave marker. Williams Cone on the northeastern side of Mount Edziza was named in honour of Hank Williams. Eve Cone between Mount Edziza and Buckley Lake was named in honour of Johnny Edzerza's wife, Eve Brown Edzerza. Mount Edziza continues to be an important cultural resource for the Tahltan people. In 2021, Chad Norman Day, president of
12900-426: The mountain. It may sense an increase in seismic activity if Mount Edziza becomes highly restless, but this may only provide a warning for a large eruption; the system might detect activity only once the volcano has started erupting. If Mount Edziza were to erupt, mechanisms exist to orchestrate relief efforts. The Interagency Volcanic Event Notification Plan was created to outline the notification procedure of some of
13029-601: The north end of Eddontenajon Lake, near Iskut. Just south of Eddontenajon Lake the Iskut River enters Tatogga Lake , into which several streams empty, including Jackson Creek, Kimball Creek, and Todagin Creek. Todagin Creek flows through Todagin South Slope Provincial Park , as well as the Todagin Wildlife Management Area . South of Tatogga Lake the Iskut River enters Kinaskan Lake. Kinaskan Lake has an average depth of 57 m (187 ft) and
13158-419: The north fork of Tenchen Creek. The Neck , 1,830 metres (6,000 feet) in elevation, is a circular volcanic plug on the southeastern flank of Ice Peak. The Snowshoe Lava Field on the west flank of lce Peak contains at least 12 volcanic cones, a handful of which are named. Tennena Cone is a symmetrical volcanic cone high on the west side of Ice Peak. It has an elevation of 2,350 metres (7,710 feet) and
13287-460: The northeastern end of Buckley Lake where it meets with the Klastline River Trail and the Buckley Lake to Mowdade Lake Route. To the east, the roughly 50-kilometre-long (31-mile) Klastline River Trail begins at the community of Iskut on the Stewart–Cassiar Highway. It extends northwest and west along the Klastline River for much its length. The trail enters Mount Edziza Provincial Park at about 25 kilometres (16 miles) where Kakiddi Creek drains into
13416-419: The northwest and 85 kilometres (53 miles) to the northeast, respectively. Mount Edziza is covered with snow year-round, containing a 15-kilometre-long (9.3-mile) and 9-kilometre-wide (5.6-mile) ice cap which covers an area of 70 square kilometres (27 square miles). Several small outlet glaciers extending down to altitudes of 1,700 to 2,000 metres (5,600 to 6,600 feet) drain the ice cap; outlet glaciers on
13545-449: The occurrence of Pyramid obsidian in at least five archaeological sites outside of Tahltan territory. The Ice Peak Formation contains two obsidian flows on Sorcery Ridge that were also exploited as an obsidian source. Sorcery Ridge obsidian occurs in at least two archaeological sites outside of Tahltan territory. In or before 1974, two Tahltan men named Johnny Edzerza and Hank Williams were killed in an avalanche while they were crossing
13674-473: The origin of the name Edziza. A 1927 report by J. Davidson of the British Columbia Land Surveyors claims that Edziza means "sand" in the Tahltan language , referring to the deep volcanic ash deposits or pumice -like sand covering large portions of the Big Raven Plateau around Mount Edziza. According to David Stevenson of University of Victoria 's Anthropology Department, "sand" or "dust"
13803-509: The portion between its source and Cascade Falls , is nearly surrounded by the Stikine River and its tributaries, including the Stikine River to the north, the Klappan River to the east, and the Klastline River to the west. Much of this region around the upper Iskut watershed is encompassed within protected areas such as Mount Edziza Provincial Park , Stikine River Provincial Park , Spatsizi Plateau Wilderness Provincial Park , and others, in
13932-624: The property included copper , gold , lead , silver and zinc . Mineral exploration on the Spectrum property began in at least 1957 when Torbit Silver Mines performed surface work on the gold-bearing Hawk vein . This was followed by drilling of the Hawk vein by Shawnigan Mining and Smelting in 1967. Exploration by Mitsui Mining and Smelting in 1970 involved geophysical and geochemical surveying. From 1971 to 1973, Imperial Oil conducted geophysical, geological and geochemical surveying, as well as 463 metres (1,519 feet) of drilling in four holes. Geochemical and geological surveys were conducted on
14061-577: The recreation area lied east of Mount Edziza until 2003 when it was disestablished. Mount Edziza Provincial Park now covers an area of 266,180 hectares (657,700 acres), making it one of the largest provincial parks in British Columbia. In 2021, an approximately 3,528-hectare (8,720-acre) conservation area called the Mount Edziza Conservancy was established east of Mount Edziza along the eastern border of Mount Edziza Provincial Park. It
14190-461: The ridge has been breached by active cirques where remnants of several lava lakes are exposed inside the crater. Formation of the summit crater was likely caused by a violent eruption at the zenith of the mountain's growth. Prior to its formation, the summit of the mountain was at least 610 metres (2,000 feet) higher than it is today, having possibly risen as a narrower summit cone. The central, 2,786-metre-high (9,140-foot) edifice of Mount Edziza
14319-628: The south end of Kinaskan Lake along the Stewart-Cassiar Highway near Mowdade Lake and southeast of Mount Edziza . At the south end of the park, the Iskut River , of which the lake is an expansion, spills over 12.2-metre Cascade Falls . The park is approximately 800 ha. in size. This British Columbia protected areas related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Mount Edziza Mount Edziza ( / ə d ˈ z aɪ z ə / əd-zy-zə ), known to
14448-633: The south, Johnson River, from the north, and Caralin Creek, from the south. Forrest Kerr Creek, McLymont Creek, the Verrett, Twin, and Hoodoo Rivers all originate from glaciers radiating from the Andrei Icefield , which lies north of the lower Iskut River and east of the lower Stikine River. The upper Craig River flows through the Craig Headwaters Protected Area . The source of the Craig River
14577-534: The south. This complex of shield volcanoes , stratovolcanoes , lava domes , calderas and cinder cones forms a broad, intermontane plateau at the eastern edge of the Tahltan Highland , a southeast-trending upland area extending along the western side of the Stikine Plateau . Mount Edziza is in the Southern Boreal Plateau Ecosection which consists of several upland summits as well as wide river valleys and deeply incised plateaus. It
14706-401: The southern and northwestern flanks of the stratovolcano. Along the north side of Tenchen Valley on the eastern flank of the stratovolcano are 850-metre-high (2,790-foot) cliffs exposing explosion breccias , trachyte lavas and landslide or lahar deposits. Although Mount Edziza is surrounded by relatively flat terrain of the Big Raven Plateau to the north, west and south, the terrain east of
14835-412: The southern end of Kluachon Lake, and "Stikine River 7", near Telegraph Creek . From Kluachon Lake the Iskut River flows south into Eddontenajon Lake, where it receives several tributaries such as Coyote Creek, which flows west from Ealue Lake . Eddontenajon Lake has an average depth of 33 m (108 ft) and a maximum depth of 67 m (220 ft). The community of Eddontenajon is located near
14964-598: The three projects are closely linked AltaGas has treated them as separate projects, thus avoiding the Comprehensive Environmental Assessment that would have been required, which has drawn some criticism from politicians such as Doug Donaldson . The main tributaries of the Iskut River, listed hierarchically in upriver order, are: Kinaskan Lake Kinaskan Lake Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia , Canada , located at
15093-456: The trachyte flows comprising Koosick and Ornostay bluffs is attributed to them having been extruded through glacial ice. The Pillow Ridge Formation is restricted to Pillow Ridge and Tsekone Ridge on Mount Edziza's northwestern flank, both of which are glaciovolcanic in origin. Pillow Ridge is a nearly 4-kilometre-long (2.5-mile), northwesterly-trending ridge of basaltic pillow lava, pillow breccia, tuff breccia and dikes . Its upper surface
15222-616: The tributary branch that descended Tennaya Valley probably originated from a vent near the summit of Ice Peak that is now covered by glaciers. Another plausible source is Nanook Dome on the southeastern crater rim of Mount Edziza. A relatively small trachyte flow descended from a vent on the western flank of Ice Peak and spread onto the Big Raven Plateau. Potassium–argon dating of the Kakiddi Formation has yielded ages of 0.31 ± 0.07 million years from mugearite, as well as 0.30 ± 0.02 million years, 0.29 ± 0.02 million years and 0.28 ± 0.02 million years from trachyte. The Big Raven Formation includes
15351-543: The upper slopes but barren rock is abundant at higher elevations. The region is characterized by warm summers and cold, snowy winters; temperatures are warmest in mid-summer during the day when they may hit the 30 degrees Celsius (86 degrees Fahrenheit) range. However, temperatures can drop below freezing during summer nights, making snow or freezing rain a possibility at any time of the year. The closest weather stations to Mount Edziza are located at Telegraph Creek and Dease Lake , which lie about 40 kilometres (25 miles) to
15480-480: The volcanic pile, is an assemblage of mostly thin basalt flows. Lavas of intermediate composition such as tristanite, trachybasalt and mugearite are very limited in extent. The upper stratigraphic unit is a highly varied succession of lavas and pyroclastic rocks forming the high, central edifice of Ice Peak. It consists of basalt, trachyte and a variety of intermediate rocks such as tristanite, trachybasalt, benmoreite and mugearite. The Ice Peak Formation also includes
15609-456: The volcano poses a potential threat to air traffic. Volcanic ash reduces visibility and can cause jet engine failure, as well as damage to other aircraft systems. Lava flows are also a potential hazard as they have formerly dammed local streams. Another potential hazard at Mount Edziza is the ignition of wildfires by eruptions as the surrounding area has vegetation. An eruption under the ice cap could produce floods or lahars that may flow into
15738-402: The weir is a barrier to fish migration as well, so few fish are able to reach the diversion weir. Salmon feasibility studies have assessed the canyon, identifying obstacles that could be modified to allow fish passage, in which case the diversion weir could be modified with a fish passage structure. The Tahltan Nation has approved and participated in the projects, and is a partial owner. Although
15867-571: The west side of the Bob Quinn Plateau and the community of Bob Quinn Lake , on the shore of Bob Quinn Lake. Highway 37 passes through the community of Bob Quinn Lake, which is about halfway between Meziadin Junction and Dease Lake along the highway. From Bob Quinn Lake Highway 37 leaves the Iskut River and follows the Ningunsaw River and its tributary Beaverpond Creek, then crosses a pass into
15996-423: The western flank of Ice Peak, extend westward onto the surrounding Big Raven Plateau. The northeastern side of Mount Edziza contains The Pyramid , a pyramid-shaped lava dome 2,199 metres (7,215 feet) in elevation. Pillow Ridge on the northern side of Mount Edziza has an elevation of 2,400 metres (7,900 feet) while Tsekone Ridge northwest of Mount Edziza has an elevation of 1,920 metres (6,300 feet). High on
16125-422: The western side of Mount Edziza is Triangle Dome , an elliptical lava dome 2,680 metres (8,790 feet) in elevation. Glacier Dome reaches an elevation of 2,225 metres (7,300 feet) on Mount Edziza's lower northeastern flank. A circular lava dome on the southeastern crater rim of Mount Edziza called Nanook Dome has an elevation of 2,710 metres (8,890 feet). Sphinx Dome , 2,380 metres (7,810 feet) in elevation,
16254-404: The western side of the ice cap spread in broad lobes onto the Big Raven Plateau while distributary glaciers on the eastern side drape down steep slopes to form discontinuous icefalls . The Mount Edziza ice cap is the only one worthy of note on the Stikine Plateau. Four glaciers of the ice cap are named, all of which have names of Tahltan origin. Idiji Glacier descends from the eastern side of
16383-551: Was also changed to reflect entrenched local usage and in conformation with Mount Edziza Provincial Park which was established in 1972. Ice Peak was officially named on January 2, 1980, to retain Mount Edziza's Tahltan name, Ice Mountain, which translates to Tenh Dẕetle in the Tahltan language. Just southeast of Mount Edziza was the Spectrum or Red Dog property, a block of mineral claims that covered quartz , pyrite and chalcopyrite mineralization in fractured sedimentary and volcanic rocks of Late Triassic age. Commodities on
16512-458: Was covered by a regional ice sheet during the Pleistocene which receded and advanced periodically until about 11,000 years ago when deglaciation was essentially complete in a steadily warming climate. This warming trend ceased about 2,600 years ago, causing glaciers to advance from Mount Edziza and elsewhere along the volcanic complex as a part of the neoglaciation . The present trend towards
16641-539: Was established in collaboration with Skeena Resources, BC Parks , the Tahltan Central Government and the Nature Conservancy of Canada after Skeena Resources returned their mineral tenures on the Spectrum property. The name of this conservation area was changed to the Tenh Dẕetle Conservancy in 2022 to better reflect the culture, history and tradition of the Tahltan First Nation . Mount Edziza lies in
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