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113-682: The Ironbound is a neighborhood in the city of Newark in Essex County , in the U.S. state of New Jersey . It is a large working-class multi-ethnic community, covering about 4 square miles (10 km). Historically, the area was called "Dutch Neck," "Down Neck," or simply "the Neck," for its location by a bend of the Passaic River . Part of Newark's East Ward, the Ironbound is directly east of Newark Penn Station and Downtown Newark , and south and west of

226-584: A chapel which they dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, whom they conceived of in chivalric terms as the "Lady of the place." Our Lady of Mount Carmel was adopted in the 19th century as the patron saint of Chile . Since the 15th century, popular devotion to Our Lady of Mount Carmel has centered on the Scapular of Our Lady of Mount Carmel , also known as the Brown Scapular. Traditionally, Mary is said to have given

339-507: A compromise bill that would have extended the status for two years. In May 2018, Governor Phil Murphy signed a law that reinstated the program in these five cities and extended the expiration date in other zones. Newark is one of nine cities in New Jersey designated as eligible for Urban Transit Hub Tax Credits by the state's Economic Development Authority . Developers who invest a minimum of $ 50 million within 0.5 miles (0.8 km) of

452-467: A decline of nearly 40% as residents moved to surrounding suburbs. White flight from Newark to the suburbs started in the 1940s and accelerated in the 1960s, due in part to the construction of the Interstate Highway System . The 1967 riots resulted in a significant population loss of the city's middle class, many of them Jewish , which continued from the 1970s through to the 1990s. On net,

565-533: A developer of an aeroponic technology for farming moved its headquarters from Finger Lakes to Newark. By 2016, it had built the world's largest vertical farm in a Newark warehouse. The company was recognized in 2019 by Fast Company as one of the world's most innovative companies in data science . Broadridge Financial Solutions , a public FinTech company, announced a relocation of 1,000 jobs to Newark in 2017. In 2021, WebMD , an online publisher, announced that it will relocate and create up to 700 new jobs in

678-400: A household in 2000 was $ 26,913, and the median income for a family was $ 30,781. Males had a median income of $ 29,748 versus $ 25,734 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 13,009. 28.4% of the population and 25.5% of families were below the poverty line. 36.6% of those under the age of 18 and 24.1% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line. The city's unemployment rate

791-788: A local community organizing and advocacy organization called the Ironbound Community Corporation (ICC) and an offshoot group the Ironbound Committee Against Toxic Waste (ICATW). ICC and ICATW have worked over the years with other local and national groups and figures such as Greenpeace , Lois Gibbs , and the Newark Coalition for Neighborhoods. Over the years they have worked on a number of environmental justice issues including airplane noise, dioxin, pollution and fumes. In 1983, dangerous levels of dioxin were discovered at an abandoned chemical factory in

904-428: A major courthouse venue including federal, state, and county facilities, it is home to more than 1,000 law firms. The city also has a significant number of college students, with nearly 50,000 attending the city's universities and medical and law schools. Its airport, maritime port, rail facilities, and highway network make Newark the busiest transshipment hub on the U.S. East Coast in terms of volume. Though Newark

1017-578: A model of virtue, in the person who was closest in life to Jesus Christ . She is seen as the one who points Christians most surely to Christ. As she says to the servants at the wedding at Cana , "Do whatever he [Jesus] tells you." Carmelites look to the Virgin Mary as a Spiritual Mother. The Stella Maris Monastery (Star of the Sea) on Mount Carmel, named after a traditional title of the Blessed Virgin Mary,

1130-511: A more recent designation for the area that was the subject of the 1968 novel Howard Street by Nathan Heard , is still in common usage. The Central Ward extends at one point as far north as 2nd Avenue. In the 19th century, the Central Ward was inhabited by Germans and other white Catholic and Protestant groups. The German inhabitants were later replaced by Jews , who were then replaced by African Americans. The increased academic footprint in

1243-559: A reduced 3.3125% sales tax rate (half of the 6 + 5 ⁄ 8 % rate charged statewide) at eligible merchants. Established in January 1986, the city's Urban Enterprise Zone status expires in December 2023. The UEZ program in Newark and four other original UEZ cities had been allowed to lapse as of January 1, 2017, after Governor Chris Christie , who called the program an "abject failure", vetoed

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1356-423: A special way. In 1642, a Carmelite named John Cheron published a document which he said was a 13th-century letter written by Simon Stock's secretary, Peter Swanington. Since the early 20th century, historians have concluded that this letter was forged, likely by Cheron himself. But Stock's vision was long embraced by many promoters of the scapular devotion. The forged Swanington letter claimed that 16 July 1251

1469-409: A spiritual life of incalculable wealth: a life of recollection, prayer, uninterrupted oblation to God, continual contact, and intimate union with him. Mary's soul is a sanctuary reserved for God alone, where no human creature has ever left its trace, where love and zeal for the glory of God and the salvation of mankind reign supreme. [...] Those who want to live their devotion to Our Lady of Mt. Carmel to

1582-631: A statewide recognized festivity. Typically held in the first or second weekend of September, the Brazilian day festival takes place also in Ferry Street. Various street vendors, musical concerts, and restaurants show support for Brazilian culture. Our Lady of Mt. Carmel , the Ironbound's first Italian parish, holds an annual Italian festival. The Ironbound used to mainly consist of Italians , Polish , Portuguese , and Spaniard Immigrants. As time went on many Italian and Polish immigrants have moved out of

1695-407: A strategic location for data transfer between Manhattan and the rest of the country during the dot-com boom . At the same time, the city encouraged those companies to install more than they needed. A vacant department store was converted into a telecommunication center called 165 Halsey Street . It became one of the world's largest carrier hotels . As a result, after the dot-com bust, there were

1808-526: A substantial portion of the middle class. Sunni , Shia and Ahmadiyya Muslims are the largest Islamic denominational demographic, though some Muslims in the area may be Quranists . Most Sunni mosques are members of the Islamic Society of North America . The Nation of Islam had a former mosque in Newark presided by Louis Farrakhan . A little over 1.2% practiced an eastern religion including Sikhism , Hinduism , and Buddhism . The remainder of Newark

1921-467: A surplus of dark fiber (unused fiber optic cables). Twenty years later, the city and other private companies began utilizing the dark fiber to create high performance networks within the city. Our Lady of Mt. Carmel The first Carmelites were Christian hermits living on Mount Carmel in the Holy Land during the late 12th and early to mid-13th century. They built in the midst of their hermitages

2034-466: A tower with a statue of Our Lady of Mount Carmel affixed atop it – is lifted and paraded on multiple dates during the festival. The festival culminates with the celebration of the liturgical feast of Our Lady on July 16. In the Bronx neighborhood of Belmont (Little Italy), a procession is held on 187th street, where the parish church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel is located. In the town of Hammonton New Jersey

2147-408: A train station are eligible for pro-rated tax credit . The technology industry in Newark has grown significantly after Audible , an online audiobook and podcast company, moved its headquarters to Newark in 2007. The company was later acquired by Amazon . Panasonic moved its North America headquarters to the city in 2013. Other technology-focus companies followed suit. In 2015, AeroFarms ,

2260-489: A vision of the Blessed Virgin Mary in which she gave him the Brown Scapular. This formed part of the Carmelite habit after 1287. In Stock's vision, Mary promised that those who died wearing the scapular would be saved. This is a devotional sacramental signifying the wearer's consecration to Mary and affiliation with the Carmelite order. It symbolizes her special protection and calls the wearers to consecrate themselves to her in

2373-427: A whole remains ethnically diverse. The West Ward comprises the neighborhoods of Vailsburg , Ivy Hill , West Side , Fairmount and Lower Roseville . It is home to the historic Fairmount Cemetery . The West Ward, once a predominantly Irish-American, Polish, and Ukrainian neighborhood, is now home to neighborhoods composed primarily of Latinos, African Americans, and Caribbean Americans . Relative to other parts of

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2486-449: Is 31.5 inches (80 cm), though variations in weather patterns may bring sparse snowfall in some years and several major nor'easters in others, with the heaviest 24-hour fall of 25.9 inches (66 cm) occurring on December 26, 1947. Spring and autumn in the area are generally unstable yet mild. The July daily mean is 78.2 °F (25.7 °C), and highs exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on an average 28.3 days per year, not factoring in

2599-728: Is a destination for shopping, dining, and nightlife. A historically immigrant-dominated section of the city, the Ironbound in recent decades has been termed "Little Portugal" and "Little Brazil" due to its heavily Portuguese and Brazilian population, Newark being home to one of the largest Portuguese speaking communities in the United States. In addition, the East Ward has become home to various Latin Americans , especially Ecuadorians, Peruvians, and Colombians, alongside Puerto Ricans, African Americans, and commuters to Manhattan . Public education in

2712-530: Is also the location for most soccer fans to come and celebrate. Fans walk up and down the street while others decorate their cars and celebrate the victory of their soccer team.. Typically held in the first or second weekend of August, the Ecuadorian Day Parade & festival take place in Ferry Street. In this event various businesses and politicians attend the parade and support the Ecuadorian culture in

2825-629: Is considered by many to be one of the best elementary schools in the city and the K-5 South Street School. In fact, Ann Street School received the Blue Ribbon School of Excellence from the US Department of Education. This competitive award had not been awarded to a Newark Public School before. In addition, the award prompted then Vice President of the US, Al Gore, to visit Ann Street to promote

2938-455: Is considered the spiritual headquarters of the order. Gabriel of St. Mary Magdalene de' Pazzi, a revered authority on Carmelite spirituality, wrote that devotion to Our Lady of Mount Carmel means: a special call to the interior life, which is preeminently a Marian life. Our Lady wants us to resemble her not only in our outward vesture but, far more, in heart and spirit. If we gaze into Mary's soul, we shall see that grace in her has flowered into

3051-494: Is divided into five political wards , which are often used by residents to identify their place of habitation. In recent years, residents have begun to identify with specific neighborhood names instead of the larger ward appellations. Nevertheless, the wards remain relatively distinct. Industrial uses, coupled with the airport and seaport lands, are concentrated in the East and South wards, while residential neighborhoods exist primarily in

3164-795: Is dominated by the Church of God in Christ and Assemblies of God USA . 0.9% of Christians in the city and nearby suburbs identify as Anglican or Episcopalian . Most are served by the Newark Diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States . The remainder identified with Continuing Anglican or Evangelical Episcopal bodies including the Reformed Episcopal Church and Anglican Church in North America . ACNA and REC-affiliated churches form

3277-851: Is headquartered in the city. Its episcopal seat is the Cathedral Basilica of the Sacred Heart . Eastern Catholics in the area are served by the Syriac Catholic Eparchy of Our Lady of Deliverance of Newark , an eparchy of the Syriac Catholic Church , and by the Ukrainian Catholic Archeparchy of Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . Baptist churches in Newark are affiliated with the American Baptist Churches USA , Progressive National Baptist Convention ,

3390-651: Is held in the highland Paucartambo District , Peru , featuring a procession with the Virgin and traditional dancers. Veneration of the Virgen del Carmen (often also associated with the Stella Maris) is particularly strong in coastal towns of Spain. The feast day of Our Lady of Mount Carmel is celebrated for ten days each July in the Williamsburg neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York, where an approximately sixty-five foot tall "giglio" –

3503-520: Is in the Ironbound district. Our Lady of Mt. Carmel , the Ironbound's first Italian parish, faces the park. The church holds an annual Italian festival which attracts Italian-American people that live in the neighborhood, and Italians who moved out of the Ironbound. A chain of parkland along the Passaic River , especially along the downward "curve" in the river that gave the Ironbound neighborhood its nickname of "Down Neck," offers waterfront recreation in

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3616-454: Is in the South Ward, as are seventeen public schools, five daycare centers, three branch libraries, one police precinct, a mini-precinct, and three fire houses. The East Ward consists of much of Newark's Downtown commercial district, as well as the Ironbound neighborhood, where much of Newark's industry was in the 19th century. Today, the Ironbound (also known as "Down Neck" and "The Neck")

3729-465: Is not the industrial colossus of the past, the city does have a considerable amount of industry and light manufacturing. The southern portion of the Ironbound , also known as the Industrial Meadowlands, has seen many factories built since World War II , including a large Anheuser-Busch brewery that opened in 1951 and distributed 7.5 million barrels of beer in 2007. Grain comes into

3842-546: Is the oldest county park in the United States and is home to the nation's largest collection of cherry blossom trees, numbering over 5,000. Newark is divided into five political wards (East, West, South, North and Central). The majority of Black residents reside in the South, Central, and West Wards of the city, while the North and East Wards are mostly populated by Latinos. Ras Baraka has served as mayor of Newark since 2014. Newark

3955-470: Is today a small sanctuary at Acquafondata , Italy, where the Virgin of Mount Carmel reportedly appeared on 16 July 1841. The visionaries of Our Lady of Fátima in 1917 reported Our Lady of Mount Carmel as among the titles claimed by Mary. According to Sister Lucia , in the last apparition the Mother of God appeared as Our Lady of Mount Carmel "because Our Lady wants all to wear the scapular". In Palmi , Italy,

4068-656: The American Community Survey 's 2018 estimates, non-Hispanic whites made up 8.9% of the population. Black or African Americans were 47.0% of the population, Asian Americans were 2.1%, some other race 1.6%, and multiracial Americans 1.1%. Hispanics or Latinos of any race made up 39.2% of the city's population in 2018. In 2010, 35.74% of the population was white, 58.86% African American, 3.99% Native American or Alaska Native, 2.19% Asian, .01% Pacific Islander, 10.4% from other races, and 10.95% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race made up 33.39% of

4181-688: The Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments states that Devotion to Our Lady of Mount Carmel is bound to the history and spiritual values of the Order of the Brothers of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel and is expressed through the scapular. Thus, whoever receives the scapular becomes a member of the order and pledges him/herself to live according to its spirituality in accordance with

4294-792: The Diocese of the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic . 0.6% of Christians are members of the Latter Day Saint movement , followed by Lutherans (0.2%). 3.0% of the city's Christian populace were of other Christian denominations including the Eastern and Oriental Orthodox churches, Independent sacramental churches , the Jehovah's Witnesses , non-denominational Protestants , and the United Church of Christ . The largest Eastern Orthodox jurisdictions in Newark include

4407-477: The Dominican Republic . There is a significant Portuguese-speaking community concentrated in the Ironbound district. 2000 census data showed that Newark had 15,801 residents of Portuguese ancestry (5.8% of the population), while an additional 5,805 (2.1% of the total) were of Brazilian ancestry. In advance of the 2000 census , city officials made a push to encourage residents to respond and participate in

4520-582: The Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America ( Ecumenical Patriarchate ) and the Diocese of New York and New Jersey ( Orthodox Church in America ). The largest Oriental Orthodox bodies include the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria and Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church . Judaism and Islam were tied as the second-largest religious community (3.0%). Up to 1967, Jewish Americans formed

4633-652: The National Baptist Convention of America , and National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc . Following, 2.4% identified with Methodism and the United Methodist Church and African Methodist Episcopal and AME Zion churches. 1.6% of Christian Newarkers are Presbyterian and 1.3% identified as Pentecostal . The Presbyterian community is dominated by the Presbyterian Church (USA) and Presbyterian Church in America . The Pentecostal community

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4746-764: The New Jersey Institute of Technology ; and Seton Hall University's law school . Newark is a home to numerous governmental offices, largely concentrated at Government Center and the Essex County Government Complex . Cultural venues include the New Jersey Performing Arts Center , Newark Symphony Hall , the Prudential Center , The Newark Museum of Art , and the New Jersey Historical Society . Branch Brook Park

4859-469: The United States Census Bureau , the city had a total area of 25.89 square miles (67.1 km ), including 24.14 square miles (62.5 km ) of land and 1.74 square miles (4.5 km ) of water (6.72%). It has the third-smallest land area among the 100 most populous cities in the U.S., behind neighboring Jersey City and Hialeah, Florida . The city's altitude ranges from 0 (sea level) in

4972-474: The city's neighborhoods . Poverty remains a consistent problem in Newark. As of 2010, roughly one-third of the city's population was impoverished. Portions of Newark are part of an Urban Enterprise Zone . The city was selected in 1983 as one of the initial group of 10 zones chosen to participate in the program. In addition to other benefits to encourage employment within the Zone, shoppers can take advantage of

5085-450: The county seat of Essex County , and a principal city of the New York metropolitan area . As of the 2020 census , the city's population was 311,549. The Population Estimates Program calculated a population of 304,960 for 2023, making it the 66th-most populous municipality in the nation. Settled in 1666 by Puritans from New Haven Colony , Newark is one of the oldest cities in

5198-560: The sequence for this Mass . The Carmelite Order was the only religious order to be started in the Crusader States . In the 13th century, some of its people migrated west to England, setting up a chapter and being documented there about 1241–1242. A tradition first attested to in the late 14th century says that Simon Stock , believed to be an early English prior general of the Carmelite Order soon after its migration to England, had

5311-577: The "Gateway City". The city borders the municipalities of Belleville , Bloomfield , East Orange , Irvington , Maplewood and South Orange in Essex County; Bayonne , East Newark , Harrison , Jersey City and Kearny in Hudson County ; and Elizabeth and Hillside in Union County . Newark is the second-most racially diverse municipality in the state, behind neighboring Jersey City . It

5424-676: The 1910s. By 1921 there was a large enough Portuguese population to found Sport Club Portuguese, the first of over twenty Portuguese social clubs that would call the Ironbound home. The following sites in the Ironbound are on the National Register of Historic Places : Ferry Street is the main commercial strip in the area. In 2017, the New York Times described the neighborhood as: Four square miles populated in large part by Portuguese, Spanish and Latin American immigrants and their descendants,

5537-485: The 1920s. Other large industrial buildings included Murphy Varnish Works . The Ironbound has experienced several waves of immigration. The first wave, starting in the 1830s, came from the German states. Wrote historian Charles Cummings, "Overnight, whole sections of the Ironbound became Irish and German". Polish and Italian immigrants arrived in the latter half of the 19th century, followed by Portuguese and Spanish starting in

5650-454: The 19th century and early 20th century, and experienced racial tension and urban decline in the second half of the 20th century, culminating in the 1967 Newark riots , which led to an increase in white flight , with 100,000 white residents leaving the city in the 1960s, though the exodus of white residents from the city had started after World War II as housing availability was limited in the city, while white residents were able to buy homes in

5763-522: The Carmelite Order; second, consecration to Mary, devotion to and trust in her Immaculate Heart; third, an urge to become like Mary by imitating her virtues, above all her humility, chastity, and spirit of prayer. Since the Middle Ages, Our Lady of Mount Carmel has been related to Purgatory and purgation from sins after death. In some images, she is portrayed as accompanied with angels and persons wearing Brown Scapulars, who plead for her mediation. In 1613,

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5876-673: The Chocolate Factory. Ironbound has three housing projects within its boundaries: Hyatt Court, Pennington Court, and Terrell Homes (formerly Franklin Delano Roosevelt Homes). Tenants and activists have recently been in a battle with the Newark Housing Authority to save Terrell Homes, which the Authority had planned to demolish. The Ironbound has a "national reputation" for being a leader in environmental justice led by

5989-567: The Church forbade images to be made of Our Lady of Mt. Carmel descending into purgatory, due to errors being preached about certain privileges associated with the Brown Scapular (known as "the Sabbatine Privilege "). That privilege appears in the noted Decree of the Holy Office (1613). It was inserted in its entirety (except for the words forbidding the painting of the pictures) into the list of

6102-644: The East Ward consists of East Side High School and six elementary schools. The ward is densely packed, with well-maintained housing and streets, primarily large apartment buildings and rowhouses . Newark lies in the transition between a humid subtropical and humid continental climate ( Köppen Cfa/Dfa ), with cold winters and hot humid summers. The January daily mean is 32.8 °F (0.4 °C), and although temperatures below 10 °F (−12 °C) are to be expected in most years, sub-0 °F (−18 °C) readings are rare; conversely, some days may warm up to 50 °F (10 °C). The average seasonal snowfall

6215-569: The East and Central wards. The boundaries of the wards are altered for various political and demographic reasons and sometimes gerrymandered . Newark's Central Ward, formerly known as the old Third Ward, contains much of the city's history including the original squares Lincoln Park , Military Park and Harriet Tubman Square . The ward contains the University Heights , The Coast , historic Grace Episcopal Church , Government Center , Springfield/Belmont and Seventh Avenue neighborhoods. Of these neighborhood designations only University Heights,

6328-640: The Feast of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, as well as that of Simon Stock, because of the historical uncertainties about the origins. The liturgies were revised and, in the 21st century, neither, even in the Carmelite proper, makes reference to the scapular. In Spain and other Spanish-speaking countries, there has been particular devotion to Our Lady of Mount Carmel, who has been adopted as a patron saint of several places, as she has been in other Catholic-majority countries. In addition, Carmen and María del Carmen have been popular given names for girls in Spanish-speaking countries. An annual festival, known as Mamacha Carmen,

6441-400: The Forest Hill neighborhood. The North Ward has lost geographic area in recent times; its southern boundary is now significantly further north than the traditional boundary near Interstate 280 . The North Ward had its own Little Italy, centered on heavily Italian Seventh Avenue and the area of St. Lucy's Church ; demographics have transitioned to Latino in recent decades, though the ward as

6554-444: The Ironbound has the intimacy and hustle of a European market town. “We walk to the bakery, the fishmonger, the wine store,” said [the director of the Newark Museum of Art ]. (He also walks to work.) “It really is an extraordinarily agreeable lifestyle.” Today, the Ironbound is known for being a Portuguese neighborhood. TAP Air Portugal has its corporate office in the neighborhood. Ironbound Volunteer Ambulance Squad has been serving

6667-521: The Ironbound. However, there are still significant numbers of residents of Italian and Polish descent residing in the Ironbound. Recent immigrants include large numbers of Brazilians and Ecuadorians. 2000s census demographics include: 57.46% White/Caucasian/European (Mainly consisting of Italian , Spanish , Polish , and other European Ethnicity) 34.94% Hispanic & Latino (Mainly consisting of Ecuadorians , Etc.) 0.95% Asian/American Indian 4.68% Black/African American 1.97% Muiti-Racial This park

6780-450: The Ironbound. The Diamond Alkali Company was largely responsible for this pollution through their heavy production of Agent Orange between 1951 and 1969. The off-site cleanup was completed by 1986, and in 1989 the site received a permanent impermeable cap. In the 1980s residents protested against a garbage incinerator in the neighborhood. The incinerator was built in 1990 but residents have continued to protest environmental issues over

6893-400: The NJ Turnpike. Newark had a population of 311,549 in 2020. The Population Estimates Program calculated a population of 305,344 for 2022, making Newark the 66th-most populous municipality in the nation. The city was ranked 67th in population in 2010 and 63rd in 2000. From 2000 to 2010, the increase of 3,594 inhabitants (+1.3%) from the 273,546 counted in the 2000 U.S. census marked

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7006-515: The North, Central, and West Wards. State law requires that wards be compact and contiguous and that the largest ward may not exceed the population of the smallest by more than 10% of the average ward size. Ward boundaries are redrawn, as needed, by a board of ward commissioners consisting of two Democrats and two Republicans appointed at the county level and the municipal clerk. Redrawing of ward lines in previous decades have shifted traditional boundaries, so that downtown currently occupies portions of

7119-452: The Scapular to an early Carmelite named Simon Stock (1165–1265). The liturgical feast of Our Lady of Mount Carmel is celebrated on 16 July. The solemn liturgical feast of Our Lady of Mount Carmel was probably first celebrated in England in the later part of the 14th century. Its object was thanksgiving to Mary, the patroness of the Carmelite Order, for the benefits she had accorded to it through its difficult early years. The institution of

7232-479: The Son of God, Immaculate Virgin, assist me in my necessity. O Star of the Sea, help me and show me you are my Mother. O Holy Mary, Mother of God, Queen of Heaven and earth, I humbly beseech you from the bottom of my heart to succor me in this necessity (make request). There are none that can withstand your power. O Mary, conceived without sin, pray for us who have recourse to thee. Sweet Mother I place this cause in your hands. Amen. A 1996 doctrinal statement approved by

7345-437: The United States. Its location at the mouth of the Passaic River , where it flows into Newark Bay , has made the city's waterfront an integral part of the Port of New York and New Jersey . Port Newark–Elizabeth is the primary container shipping terminal of the busiest seaport on the U.S. East Coast . Newark Liberty International Airport was the first municipal commercial airport in the United States and has become one of

7458-401: The University Heights neighborhood has produced gentrification , with landmark buildings undergoing renovation. Located in the Central Ward is the nation's largest health sciences university, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School . It is also home to three other universities – New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT), Rutgers University – Newark , and Essex County College . The Central Ward forms

7571-450: The anniversary of the earthquake of 1894 is observed annually on 16 November. The earthquake had its epicenter in the city. An associated event has been classified as the "miracle of Our Lady of Mount Carmel." For 17 days preceding this earthquake, many of the faithful had reported strange eye movements and changes in the coloring of the face in a statue of Our Lady of Mount Carmel. The local and national press reported these occurrences. In

7684-492: The archdiocese announced that St. Casimir, St. Benedict, and St. Lucy Filippini would merge into the Ironbound Catholic Academy on the St. Casimir site. There is also the Our Lady of Fatima Nursery, a Pre-K institution and one Portuguese Language School known at Escola Luis de Camões. Newark Public Library 's Van Buren Branch Library serves the Ironbound neighborhood. The library opened on September 23, 1923. A renovated and expanded branch opened on November 19, 1997. About 60% of

7797-409: The busiest. Several companies are headquartered in Newark, including Prudential , PSEG , Panasonic Corporation of North America , Audible.com , IDT Corporation , Manischewitz , and AeroFarms . Higher education institutions in the city include the Newark campus of Rutgers University , which includes law and medical schools and the Rutgers Institute of Jazz Studies ; University Hospital ;

7910-469: The characteristics of his/her state in life. Discalced Carmelite Kieran Kavanaugh summarizes this spirituality: The scapular is a Marian habit or garment. It is both a sign and pledge. A sign of belonging to Mary; a pledge of her motherly protection, not only in this life but after death. As a sign, it is a conventional sign signifying three elements strictly joined: first, belonging to a religious family particularly devoted to Mary, especially dear to Mary,

8023-411: The city is thought to derive from Newark-on-Trent , England, because of the influence of the original pastor, Abraham Pierson , who came from Yorkshire but may have ministered in Newark, Nottinghamshire . But Pierson is also supposed to have said that the community reflecting the new task at hand should be named "New Ark" for "New Ark of the Covenant" and some of the colonists saw it as "New-Work",

8136-655: The city lost about 130,000 residents between 1960 and 1990. At the 2010 census, there were 91,414 households, and 62,239 families in Newark. There were 108,907 housing units at an average density of 4,552.5 per square mile (1,757.7/km ). In 2000, there were 273,546 people, 91,382 households, and 61,956 families residing in the city. The population density was 11,495.0 inhabitants per square mile (4,438.2/km ). There were 100,141 housing units at an average density of 4,208.1 per square mile (1,624.6//km ). The U.S. Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income

8249-556: The city, the West Ward has for many decades struggled with elevated rates of crime, particularly violent crime. The South Ward comprises the Weequahic , Clinton Hill , Dayton , and South Broad Valley neighborhoods. The South Ward, once home to residents of predominantly Jewish descent, now has ethnic neighborhoods made up primarily of African Americans and Hispanics . The city's second-largest hospital, Newark Beth Israel Medical Center ,

8362-558: The city, while Prudential still has its home office in Newark. Many other companies are headquartered in the city, including IDT Corporation , NJ Transit , Public Service Enterprise Group (PSEG), Manischewitz , Horizon Blue Cross and Blue Shield of New Jersey , and Edison Properties . After the election of Cory Booker as mayor, millions of dollars of public-private partnership investment were made in Downtown development, but persistent underemployment continue to characterize many of

8475-456: The city. In 2018, Newark was selected as one of 20 finalists for the location of Amazon HQ2 , a new headquarters of Amazon. The advantages of Newark included proximity to New York City , lower land costs, tech labor force and higher education institutions, a major airport, and fiber optic networks. The extensive fiber optic networks in Newark started in the 1990s when telecommunication companies installed fiber optic network to put Newark as

8588-465: The city. Kayaking and riverboat tours of the city are offered in the summer months. From east to west along the downward "neck" of the Passaic, parkland includes: The Newark Public Schools operates six elementary and K-8 schools in the area. Schools serving Ironbound include Wilson Avenue School, Hawkins Street School, Lafayette Street School and Oliver Street School. In addition is Ann Street School, which

8701-549: The community since 1952. Ironbound also has its own newspaper. Many Portuguese still live in the Ironbound, but many are moving out to other neighborhoods in New Jersey, Including South River , Livingston , Clark , Westfield , Watchung , Old Bridge , etc. A small sitting park east of Penn Station is named in honor of Peter Francisco , a Portuguese-born patriot of the American War of Independence. An obelisk in Francisco's memory

8814-418: The east to approximately 230 feet (70 m) above sea level in the western section of the city for an average elevation of 115 feet (35 m). Newark is essentially a large basin sloping towards the Passaic River , with a few valleys formed by meandering streams. Historically, Newark's high places have been its wealthier neighborhoods. In the 19th century and early 20th century, the wealthy congregated on

8927-542: The enumeration, citing calculations by city officials that as many as 30,000 people were not reflected in estimates by the Census Bureau , which resulted in the loss of government aid and political representation. It is believed that heavily immigrant areas of Newark were significantly undercounted in the 2010 census, especially in the East Ward. Many households refused to participate in the census, with immigrants often reluctant to submit census forms because they believed that

9040-420: The evening of 16 November, the faithful improvised a procession carrying the statue of the Virgin of Carmel on their shoulders through the streets. When the procession reached the end of the city, a violent earthquake shook the whole district of Palmi, ruining most of the old houses along the way. But, only nine people died out of a population of about 15,000 inhabitants, as almost all of the population had been on

9153-511: The facility by rail. The service industry is also growing rapidly, replacing those in the manufacturing industry, which was once Newark's primary economy. In addition, transportation has become a large business in Newark, accounting for more than 17,000 jobs in 2011. Newark is the third-largest insurance center in the United States, behind New York City and Hartford, Connecticut . Prudential Financial , Mutual Benefit Life , Fireman's Insurance , and American Insurance Company all originated in

9266-429: The feast is commemorated each year with a week long festival culminating with a parade of saints on the sixteenth. Celebration of the feast has been ongoing since 1875 and is widely recognized as the longest running Italian American festival in the United States. The Carmelites consider the Blessed Virgin Mary to be a perfect model of the interior life of prayer and contemplation to which Carmelites aspire, as well as

9379-673: The feast may have come in the wake of the vindication of their title "Brothers of the Blessed Virgin Mary" at Cambridge , England, in 1374. The date chosen was 17 July; on the European mainland this date conflicted with the feast of Saint Alexis , requiring a shift to 16 July, which remains the Feast of Our Lady of Mount Carmel on the Roman Calendar of the Catholic Church. The Latin poem Flos Carmeli (meaning "Flower of Carmel") first appears as

9492-499: The former Ballantine brewery site. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark operates the Ironbound Catholic Academy, a PK-8 school in Ironbound. As of 2004 many residents of Ironbound send their children to parochial schools. Ironbound used to have three other Catholic elementary schools, including Academy of St. Benedict, a PreK-8 school, St. James, both elementary and high school, and St. Lucy Filippini Academy. In 2005

9605-563: The full must follow Mary into the depths of her interior life. Carmel is the symbol of the contemplative life, the life wholly dedicated to the quest for God, wholly orientated towards intimacy with God; and the one who has best realized this highest of ideals is Our Lady herself, "Queen and Splendor of Carmel". Devotees the Blessed Mother of Mount Carmel might raise petitions to her through the prayer: O most beautiful flower of Mt. Carmel, fruitful vine, splendor of Heaven, Blessed Mother of

9718-420: The fumes were produced by its burning of pesticides improperly disposed and agreed to new waste management procedures. 40°43′30″N 74°09′40″W  /  40.72500°N 74.16111°W  / 40.72500; -74.16111 Newark, New Jersey Newark ( / ˈ nj uː ər k / NEW -ərk , locally: [nʊɹk] ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of New Jersey ,

9831-536: The growth of the port lands. Newark is surrounded by residential suburbs to the west (on the slope of the Watchung Mountains ), the Passaic River and Newark Bay to the east, dense urban areas to the south and southwest, and middle-class residential suburbs and industrial areas to the north. The city is the largest in New Jersey's Gateway Region , which is said to have received its name from Newark's nickname as

9944-410: The importance of the upcoming 2000 US Census. East Side High School serves Ironbound high school students. As of 2004 most of the elementary schools were built over 100 years prior to the time. In the 2000s, an increase in housing lead to an overcrowding of Ironbound-area schools. At the time the school district planned to replace several of the elementary schools and build a new East Side High School in

10057-683: The indulgences and privileges of the Confraternity of the Scapular of Mount Carmel. In the 21st century, the Carmelites do not promote the Sabbatine Privilege. They encourage a belief in Mary's general aid and prayerful assistance for persons beyond death, especially her aid to those who devoutly wear the Brown Scapular, and commend devotion to Mary especially on Saturdays, which are dedicated to her. There

10170-695: The information could be used to justify their deportation. At one time, there was an Italian American community in the Seventh Avenue neighborhood. Roughly 60% of Newarkers identified with a religion as of 2020. The largest Christian group in Newark is the Catholic Church (34.3%), followed by Baptists (5.2%). The city's Catholic population are divided into Latin and Eastern Catholics . The Latin Church-based Archdiocese of Newark , serving Bergen , Essex , Hudson and Union counties,

10283-530: The liturgical cult of Saint Simon. The latter has been documented in Bordeaux, where Stock died, from the year 1435; in Ireland and England, from 1458; and in the rest of the Order, from 1564. Historians have long questioned whether Stock had the vision of Mary and the scapular. Although Simon Stock was never officially canonized, his feast day was celebrated in the church. The Carmelite convent of Aylesford , England ,

10396-524: The often higher heat index . Precipitation is evenly distributed throughout the year with the summer months being the wettest and fall months being the driest. The city receives precipitation ranging from 2.9 to 4.6 inches (74 to 117 mm) per month, usually falling on 8 to 12 days per month. Extreme temperatures have ranged from −14 °F (−26 °C) on February 9, 1934, to 108 °F (42 °C) on July 22, 2011. The January freezing isotherm that separates Newark into Dfa and Cfa zones approximates

10509-538: The population at the 2010 U.S. census. The racial makeup of the city in 2000 was 53.46% (146,250) black or African American, 26.52% (72,537) white, 1.19% (3,263) Asian, 0.37% (1,005) Native American, 0.05% (135) Pacific Islander, 14.05% (38,430) from other races, and 4.36% (11,926) from two or more races. 29.47% (80,622) of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 49.2% of the city's 80,622 residents who identified themselves as Hispanic or Latino were from Puerto Rico , while 9.4% were from Ecuador and 7.8% from

10622-663: The present-day heart of Newark, and includes 26 public schools, two police precincts, including headquarters, four firehouses, and one branch library. The North Ward is surrounded by Branch Brook Park . Its neighborhoods include Broadway , Mount Pleasant , Upper Roseville and the affluent Forest Hill section. Forest Hill contains the Forest Hill Historic District, which is registered on state and national historic registers, and contains many older mansions and colonial homes . A row of residential towers with security guards and secure parking line Mt. Prospect Avenue in

10735-452: The real estate market in the Ironbound is two- and three-family houses. Many houses built by the Portuguese include tile details and aluminum siding. In the past ten to fifteen years, more luxury condos and apartments have been built in the area. Several old factory buildings have been converted into lofts or apartments including Textile Lofts, Button Factory Lofts, Murphy Varnish Factory, and

10848-511: The ridges of Forest Hill, High Street, and Weequahic. Until the 20th century, the marshes on Newark Bay were difficult to develop, as the marshes were essentially wilderness, with a few dumps, warehouses, and cemeteries on their edges. During the 20th century, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey was able to reclaim 68 acres (28 ha) of the marshland for the further expansion of Newark Liberty International Airport , as well as

10961-472: The river. The neighborhood is connected by the Jackson Street Bridge over the river to Harrison and Kearny . The area was mostly farmland until the 1830s, when industry and immigration began increasing at a rapid pace. The name "The Ironbound" is said to derive from the large metalworking industry in the area or from the network of railroad tracks that surrounded the neighborhood. The Ironbound

11074-422: The second census in 70 years in which the city's population had grown from the previous enumeration. This trend continued in 2020, where Newark had an increase of 34,409 (12.4%) from the 277,140 counted in the 2010 census , the largest percentage increase in 100 years. After reaching a peak of 442,337 residents counted in the 1930 census , and a post-war population of 438,776 in 1950, the city's population saw

11187-511: The settlers' new work with God. Whatever the origins, the name was shortened to Newark, although references to the name "New Ark" are found in preserved letters written by historical figures such as David A. Ogden in his claim for compensation, and James McHenry , as late as 1787. During the American Revolutionary War , British troops made several raids into the town. The city saw tremendous industrial and population growth during

11300-482: The street to watch the procession and were not trapped inside the destroyed buildings. Therefore, the city commemorates the 1894 procession each year, accompanied by firecrackers, lights, and festive stalls. The Catholic Church has officially recognized the miracle. On 16 November 1896, the statue of the Virgin was crowned, based on the decree issued 22 September 1895, by the Vatican Chapter. The first atomic bomb

11413-409: The western suburbs of Essex County, where the population grew rapidly. The city has experienced revitalization since the 1990s, with major office, arts and sports projects representing $ 2 billion in investment. The city's population, which had dropped by more than a third from 1950 to its post-war low in 2000, has since rebounded, with 38,000 new residents added from 2000 to 2020. According to

11526-677: The years. Bright pink and purple fumes were often seen spewing from the facility but Covanta , the company operating the incinerator, blamed a local hospital for improperly disposed medical waste. In summer 2019, ICC partnered with Earthjustice , a nonprofit public interest organization that litigates to protect the environment , and the Environmental Advocacy Clinic at Vermont Law School urged state officials to investigate. Covanta has been found many hundreds of times to exceed air pollution limits or to fail to abide by required safety regulations. Covanta eventually acknowledged that

11639-402: Was spiritual but not religious , agnostic , deistic , or atheist , though some Newarkers identified with neo-pagan religions including Wicca and other smaller new religious movements . More than 100,000 people commute to Newark each workday, making it the state's largest employment center with many white-collar jobs in insurance, finance, import-export, healthcare , and government. As

11752-436: Was $ 35,659 (with a margin of error of +/- $ 1,009) and the median family income was $ 41,684 (+/- $ 1,116). Males had a median income of $ 34,350 (+/- $ 1,015) versus $ 32,865 (+/- $ 973) for females. The per capita income for the township was $ 17,367 (+/- $ 364). About 22% of families and 25% of the population were below the poverty line , including 34.9% of those under age 18 and 22.4% of those age 65 or over. The median income for

11865-427: Was 8.5%. From the 1950s to 1967, Newark's non-Hispanic white population shrank from 363,000 to 158,000; its black population grew from 70,000 to 220,000. The percentage of non-Hispanic whites declined from 82.8% in 1950 to 11.6% by 2010. The percentage of Latinos and Hispanics in Newark grew between 1980 and 2010, from 18.6% to 33.8% while that of Blacks and African Americans decreased from 58.2% to 52.4%. At

11978-462: Was an industrial neighborhood in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The neighborhood was home to Hensler's Beer Brewery, P. Ballantine and Sons Brewing Company (in 1954 Newark's largest employer) and the Feigenspan Brewery . Balbach Smelting & Refining Company , now the location of Riverbank Park , was the second largest metal processing enterprise in the United States until its closure in

12091-635: Was exploded in the United States at the Trinity test site on 16 July 1945, near Alamogordo, New Mexico . The Catholic anti-war movement has built on the coincidence between this date and the Feast of Our Lady of Mount Carmel. In 1990 the Rev. Emmanuel Charles McCarthy , a priest of the Eastern Rite (Byzantine-Melkite) of the Catholic Church, initiated the "16 July Twenty-Four Hours Day of Prayer," for forgiveness and protection from Our Lady of Mount Carmel, at Trinity Site in

12204-564: Was incorporated on February 21, 1798, by the New Jersey Legislature 's Township Act of 1798 , as one of New Jersey's initial group of 104 townships. During its time as a township, portions were taken to form Springfield Township (April 14, 1794), Caldwell Township (February 16, 1798; now known as Fairfield Township ), Orange Township (November 27, 1806), Bloomfield Township (March 23, 1812) and Clinton Township (April 14, 1834, remainder reabsorbed by Newark on March 5, 1902). Newark

12317-674: Was raised in the park by the Portuguese community in 1976. Peter Francisco Park also features a memorial to Portuguese-American war veterans dedicated in 2018 as well as the Ironbound Immigrants Memorial, dedicated in 2019. Every year, people flock to the annual Portuguese Parade & Festival , known as Portugal Day, "Dia de Portugal" (typically held the first or second weekend in June), an enormous celebration of Portuguese culture. During Portugal Day Weekend, many people come out to celebrate Portuguese-American culture. Ferry Street

12430-403: Was reincorporated as a city on April 11, 1836, replacing Newark Township, based on the results of a referendum passed on March 18, 1836. The previously independent Vailsburg borough was annexed by Newark on January 1, 1905. In 1926, South Orange Township changed its name to Maplewood. As a result of this, a portion of Maplewood known as Ivy Hill was re-annexed to Newark's Vailsburg. The name of

12543-468: Was restored and a relic of Saint Simon Stock was placed there in 1951. The saint's feast is celebrated in the places dedicated to him. Also associated with Our Lady of Carmel was a papal bull saying that there was a Sabbatine privilege associated with devotion to the saint; that is, until the late 1970s, the Catholic liturgy for that day mentioned the scapular devotion. Vatican II resulted in scrutiny of

12656-547: Was settled in 1666 by Connecticut Puritans led by Robert Treat from the New Haven Colony . It was conceived as a theocratic assembly of the faithful, though this did not last for long as new settlers came with different ideas. On October 31, 1693, it was organized as a New Jersey township based on the Newark Tract, which was first purchased on July 11, 1667. Newark was granted a royal charter on April 27, 1713. It

12769-457: Was the date of the vision (16 July being the date of the Feast of Our Lady of Mount Carmel), which led for centuries to a strong association between this feast day and the scapular devotion. Based on available historical documentation, the liturgical feast of Our Lady of Mount Carmel did not originally have a specific association with the Brown Scapular or the tradition of Stock's vision of the Blessed Virgin Mary. This tradition grew gradually, as did

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