William Mark Duke (October 7, 1879 – August 31, 1971) was a Canadian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church , who served as Archbishop of Vancouver from 1931 to 1964.
62-449: Iron Duke may refer to: People [ edit ] William Mark Duke (1879–1971), Archbishop of Vancouver Irvin Khoza (born 1948), South African football administrator John F. Thompson (politician) (1920–1965), U.S. politician Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba (1507–1582), Spanish noble, general, and diplomat involved in
124-754: A 2.5 L I4 piston engine made by General Motors Iron Duke (pub) , public house in Great Yarmouth, England The Iron Duke (film) , 1934 film starring George Arliss The Iron Duke (novel) , by L. Ron Hubbard The Iron Dukes, the name the 2nd Battalion 37th Armored Regiment 1938 Duke Blue Devils football team , nicknamed the "Iron Dukes" Iron Duke, a large iron ore mine in South Australia See also [ edit ] Iron Baron (disambiguation) Iron Lady (disambiguation) Iron Lord (disambiguation) Iron Man (disambiguation) Iron Woman (disambiguation) Topics referred to by
186-718: A battleship sold for scrap in 1906 HMS Iron Duke (1912) , the fleet flagship at the Battle of Jutland HMS Iron Duke (F234) , a Type 23 frigate launched in 1991 Trains [ edit ] GWR Iron Duke Class , a class of locomotive built by the Great Western Railway in England Iron Duke , a GWR 3031 Class locomotive built in 1892 BR Standard Class 7 Iron Duke number 70014 built in 1951 British Rail Class 87 Iron Duke number 87017 built in 1974 Other uses [ edit ] Iron Duke engine ,
248-490: A centre for immigration from all over the world. The city was incorporated in the late 1700s after more than 3,300 Black Loyalist refugees came to Saint John along with more than 10,000 White refugees after the American Revolution. In the years between 1815 and 1867, when immigration of that era passed its peak, more than 150,000 immigrants from Ireland came to Saint John dramatically changing the city. Those who came in
310-470: A given year is usually 30 or 31 °C (86 or 88 °F). The confluence of cold Bay of Fundy air and inland warmer temperatures often creates onshore winds that bring periods of fog and cooler temperatures during the summer months. Precipitation in Saint John totals about 1,295 mm (51.0 in) annually and is well distributed throughout the year, although the late autumn and early winter are typically
372-559: A high school diploma or equivalent. The median age was 44 years. At the census metropolitan area (CMA) level in the 2021 census, the Saint John CMA had a population of 130,613 living in 55,865 of its 59,272 total private dwellings, a change of 3.5% from its 2016 population of 126,202 . With a land area of 3,505.66 km (1,353.54 sq mi), it had a population density of 37.3/km (96.5/sq mi) in 2021. Historically, as one of Canada's main ports, Saint John has been
434-449: A mother tongue. Other common first languages were French (3.7%), Arabic (1.5%) Chinese languages (1.0%) and Tagalog (0.5%). 58.5% of residents were Christian, down from 79.6% in 2011. 29.7% were Catholic, 20.6% were Protestant, 5.1% were Christian n.o.s, and 3.0% were other Christian denominations or related traditions. 36.0% of the population were non-religious or secular, up from 18.4% in 2011. Other religions accounted for 5.5% of
496-552: A multitude of architectural styles spanning from the 19th and early 20th centuries, with residences and buildings containing Victorian , Romanesque Revival , and Second Empire architectural styles. Over time, the city would see the use of Georgian , Greek Revival , Gothic Revival , Italianate , Second Empire and Queen Anne style architecture. As Saint John rebuilt from the Great Fire in 1877, buildings would start to be constructed using brick and stone rather than wood. During
558-645: A pivotal battleground during the Acadian Civil War . At the end of the Seven Years' War , the British took the region from the French. The population of Saint John grew with immigration from the former Thirteen Colonies and Europe. In 1785, Saint John became the first incorporated city in what is now Canada. Immigration led to the building of North America's first quarantine station, Partridge Island . The city became
620-505: A population of 69,895 people that were living in 31,825 of 33,908 total private dwellings. The population density was 221.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (573.7/sq mi), and is most densely populated in Uptown Saint John. The median total household income was $ 62,800. Of the city's population aged between 25 and 64, 24% held a bachelor's degree or higher, 58% held a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, and 32% had
682-552: A series of rapids. The topography surrounding Saint John is hilly; a result of the influence of two coastal mountain ranges which run along the Bay of Fundy – the St. Croix Highlands and the Caledonia Highlands . The soil throughout the region is extremely rocky with frequent granite outcrops. The coastal plain hosts numerous freshwater lakes in the eastern, western and northern parts of
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#1732847646251744-402: A shipyard of global stature, producing vessels such as the 1851 ship Marco Polo , which became the fastest in the world, and witnessing the development of the automated foghorn by Robert Foulis . As the city grew in strategic importance to English power and capital, unrest grew among many of its working class. Black Saint Johners faced restrictions on trade, fishing and voting, compelling
806-530: A tissue paper plant. Other important economic activity in the city is generated by the Port of Saint John . Saint John has a long history of brewers, such as Simeon Jones, The Olands, and James Ready. The city is now home to Moosehead Breweries, James Ready Brewing Co., Big Tide Brewing Co., Picaroon's and other craft brewers. The Moosehead Brewery (established in 1867, is Canada's only nationally distributed independent brewery [M. Nicholson]), James Ready Brewing Co.,
868-453: Is humid continental ( Köppen climate classification Dfb ). The Bay of Fundy never fully freezes, thus moderating the winter temperatures compared with inland locations. Even so, with the prevailing wind blowing from the west (from land to sea), the average January temperature is about −8.2 °C (17.2 °F). Summers are usually warm to hot, and daytime temperatures often exceed 25 °C (77 °F). The highest temperature recorded in
930-576: Is Canada's third-largest by tonnage with a cargo base that includes dry and liquid bulk, break bulk , containers, and cruise. The city has a strong industrial base, including oil refining and manufacturing, matched with finance and tourism sectors and research institutions such as the New Brunswick Museum and the University of New Brunswick . Saint John was the most populous in New Brunswick until
992-536: Is also home to Rockwood Park , a large municipal park located to the east of the Millidgeville neighbourhood. Designed in the 19th century by landscape designer Calvert Vaux , one of the designers for New York City 's Central Park , It features 2,200 acres of park area, ten lakes, and 55 trails and footpaths. According to Saint John mapping data, the city has 33 neighborhoods categorized into four groups: North, East, South and West. The climate of Saint John
1054-489: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages William Mark Duke Born in Saint John , New Brunswick , on October 7, 1879. William Duke was ordained to the priesthood at age 23 on June 29, 1903. He was appointed Coadjutor Archbishop of Vancouver and Titular Bishop of Phasis by Pope Pius XI on August 10, 1928. He received his episcopal consecration on
1116-627: Is home to the Saint John Sea Dogs of the QMJHL. Art galleries in Saint John cover the uptown, more than any other Atlantic Canadian city. Artists like Miller Brittain and Fred Ross have made Uptown Saint John their home, and now the torch has been passed to artists like Gerard Collins, Cliff Turner and Peter Salmon and their respective galleries. Uptown art galleries also include the Paris Crew, Trinity Galleries, Citadel Gallery, Handworks Gallery and
1178-516: Is scheduled to receive 190,680 passengers' worth of cruise ships. The port also carries over 20 million metric tonnes of cargo annually. The arts and culture sector plays a large role in Saint John's economy. The Imperial Theatre is home to the highly acclaimed Saint John Theatre Company, and the Symphony New Brunswick and hosts a large collection of plays, concerts and other stage productions year-round. Harbour Station entertainment complex
1240-487: Is the largest port by volume in Eastern Canada, at about 28 million metric tonnes of cargo per year, including containers and bulk cargo . The city is the birthplace of several notable artists, actors and musicians, including Walter Pidgeon , Donald Sutherland , Louis B. Mayer , and Miller Brittain . What is considered the golden age of the Saint John arts community was during the post-war era from 1940 to 1970 when
1302-619: The Bravery in the Field (1979), a short drama film by the National Film Board of Canada both set and filmed in the city which was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film . Saint John is notably one of the filming locations for Children of a Lesser God (1986), a romance drama film that received five nominations at the 59th Academy Awards . Marlee Matlin , in her film debut, won Best Actress , making her not only
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#17328476462511364-541: The 2016 census , when it was overtaken by Moncton . It is currently the second-largest city in the province, with a population of 69,895 over an area of 315.59 km (121.85 sq mi). French explorer Samuel de Champlain landed at Saint John Harbour on June 24, 1604, the feast of St. John the Baptist , and named the Saint John River in his honour; the indigenous Mi'kmaq and Wolastoqiyik peoples called
1426-593: The Canadian Navy . However, the Irving family closed the shipyard in 2003 and centralized in Halifax leaving the Saint John dry dock sitting idle. Ecological research on surrounding marine life of the Bay of Fundy and the Saint John and Kennebecasis Rivers is centred in the city. The University of New Brunswick's Marine Biology department in Saint John as well as local NGO's and the federal Department of Fisheries and Oceans heads
1488-529: The Imperial Theatre , as well as the former Admiral Beatty Hotel . King's Square's counterpart, Queen Square, is another urban park located a few blocks south from it. Queen Square features an annual outdoor farmers market which runs through the summer months. Located in west Saint John is the Irving Nature Park , located in the city's west side and measuring 600 acres (240 hectares). Saint John
1550-941: The New Brunswick Black History Society 's Black History Heritage Centre located in the Brunswick Square mall, the Carleton Martello Tower , Fort Howe , the Loyalist House , the Saint John Jewish Historical Museum , the Saint John Firefighters Museum, the Saint John Police Museum, as well as the New Brunswick Museum , Canada's first public museum. Saint John also had the Barbour's General Store , but it
1612-665: The New Brunswick Power Corporation which operates three electrical generating stations in the region including the Point Lepreau Nuclear Generating Station , Bell Aliant which operates out of the former New Brunswick Telephone headquarters, the Horizon Health Network, which operates 5 hospitals in the Saint John area, and numerous information technology companies. There are also a number of call centres which were established in
1674-485: The Saint John Free Public Library , among others. Saint John, as well as New Brunswick as a whole, entered the film industry in 1924 with the now- lost silent film Blue Water , produced by the once-successful Ernest Shipman . The film featured soon-to-be Hollywood star Norma Shearer , though it had a short-lived screening and failed to succeed commercially. Saint John made a return to film with
1736-813: The youngest Best Actress winner but also the first deaf winner in Oscar history . William Hurt , who made a return to the city for filming The 4th Floor (1999), befriended some Saint John residents during his time there for filming of Children of a Lesser God . Other films shot in Saint John include The Secret Life of Algernon (1997), crime drama Blue Hill Avenue (2001), Jericho Mansions (2003), Geraldine's Fortune (2004), black comedy thriller Stuck (2007), romantic drama Still Mine (2012), and Steven Bernstein 's depiction of Welsh poet Dylan Thomas Last Call (2017), of which most extras were from Saint John. Additionally, filming for Taylor Olson 's upcoming film titled Unseen took place in
1798-400: The 1990s under provincial government incentives. Saint John is a major Canadian port, and the only city on the Bay of Fundy. Until the first decade of the 21st century, Canada's largest shipyard (Irving Shipbuilding) had been an important employer in the city. During the 1980s-early 1990s the shipyard was responsible for building 9 of the 12 Halifax -class multi-purpose patrol frigates for
1860-541: The Bay of Fundy, is a deep water port and ice-free all year long. Partridge Island is in the harbour. The city land area is 315.96 km (121.99 sq mi), and the metropolitan area covers 3,509.62 km (1,355.07 sq mi). Stonehammer UNESCO Geopark, the first Geopark in North America, is centred around Saint John. The Geopark has been recognized by UNESCO as having exceptional geological significance. The park contains rock formations that date back to
1922-636: The Eighty Years' War Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of Caxias (1803–1880), Brazilian army officer and politician Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington (1769–1852), British soldier and statesman Beltrán Alfonso Osorio, 18th duke of Alburquerque (1918–1994), Spanish noble and amateur jockey Robert William Wilcox (1855–1903), Hawaiian revolutionary soldier and politician George Deukmejian (1928–2018), Governor of California Ships [ edit ] HMS Iron Duke , any of several British Royal Navy ships HMS Iron Duke (1870) ,
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1984-598: The Precambrian era and some of the rocks may be a billion years old. The Saint John River itself flows into the Bay of Fundy through a narrow gorge several hundred metres wide at the centre of the city. It contains a unique phenomenon called the Reversing Falls where the diurnal tides of the bay reverse the water flow of the river for several kilometres. A series of underwater ledges at the narrowest point of this gorge also create
2046-567: The Saint John Arts Centre (SJAC). The SJAC in the Carnegie Building hosts art exhibits, workshops, local songwriters' circles and other shows too small to be featured at the grand Imperial Theatre. Saint John maintains industrial infrastructure in the city's East side such as Canada's largest oil refinery as well as the country's largest dry dock. Capitalist K.C. Irving and his family built his unfettered industrial conglomerate in
2108-524: The aftermath prompted many residents to leave the city. Situated in the south-central portion of the province, along the north shore of the Bay of Fundy at the mouth of the Saint John River, the city is split by the south-flowing river and the east side is bordered on the north by the Kennebecasis River where it meets the Saint John River at Grand Bay. Saint John Harbour, where the two rivers meet
2170-578: The city between April and May 2024. In television, Saint John was featured in an episode of Hotel Impossible , as well as in ARD television documentary Verrückt nach Meer . Saint John was additionally a filming location for Canada Russia '72 (2006), a docudrama miniseries about the Summit Series . Saint John features multiple museums such as the Hatheway Labour Exhibit Centre,
2232-401: The city by buying up mills, shipyards, media outlets, and other industrial infrastructure during the 20th century, and still continue to this day. Today Irving dominates the city and province with stakes in oil, forestry, shipbuilding, media and transportation. Irving companies remain dominant employers in the region with North America's first deepwater oil terminal, a pulp mill, a paper mill and
2294-433: The city produced renowned artists and writers such as poet Kay Smith , painters Jack Humphrey , Miller Brittain, Bruno Bobak , Fred Ross , sculptor John Hooper and folk-singer Stompin' Tom Connors . Poet Bliss Carman once wrote about Saint John, "All the beauty and mystery Of life were there, adventure bold, Youth, and the glamour of the sea, And all its sorrows old." Comhaltas Saint John: Comhaltas Ceoltóirí Éireann
2356-512: The city. In Saint John the height difference from low to high tide is approximately 8 metres (28 ft) due to the funnelling effect of the Bay of Fundy as it narrows. The Reversing Falls in Saint John, actually an area of strong rapids, provides one example of the power of these tides; at every high tide, ocean water is pushed through a narrow gorge in the middle of the city and forces the Saint John River to reverse its flow for several hours. Saint John, especially in its Uptown region, features
2418-552: The city. The Saint John Preservation Areas By-Law regulates exterior work done to these properties in a way that preserves the historic architecture in buildings built prior to 1915. List of buildings in Saint John: Saint John is home to the historic King's Square , an urban park located in the city's Uptown region. Multiple historic buildings are located by the park, including the Saint John City Market ,
2480-467: The city. In precolonial times, the Wolastoqiyik lived in mostly self-sustaining villages living largely off bass, sturgeon, salmon, corn, wild roots and berries. In 1604, Samuel de Champlain landed at Saint John Harbour , though he did not settle the area. Saint John played a crucial role in trade and defense for Acadia during the French colonial era, with Fort La Tour in the city's harbour becoming
2542-466: The destruction of Fort Menagoueche , which was reconstructed as Fort Frederick . Following the pillaging and burning of Fort Frederick by American Privateers, Fort Howe was constructed across the river above the harbour in 1779. In 1785, the City of Saint John was established by uniting the two communities of Parr-town and Carleton on either side of the harbour after the arrival of thousands of refugees from
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2604-740: The dignity and esteem due to women to parade them and measure them ... like cattle." However, Duke was dedicated to vocations , establishing parishes and parochial schools . On October 30, 1953, he received the degree of Doctor of Laws, (honoris causa) from the University of British Columbia. On October 1, 1968, he received the Freedom of the City Award from the Vancouver City Council. He retired as Vancouver 's archbishop on March 11, 1964, after thirty-two years of service. Upon his retirement, Duke
2666-465: The earlier period were largely tradesmen, and many stayed in Saint John, becoming the backbone of its builders. But when the Great Famine of Ireland raged between 1845 and 1849, huge waves of famine refugees flooded the city's shores. It is estimated that between 1845 and 1847, some 30,000 arrived, more people than were living in the city at the time. In 1847, dubbed " Black 47 ", one of the worst years of
2728-479: The famine, some 16,000 immigrants, most of them from Ireland, arrived at Partridge Island , the immigration and quarantine station at the mouth of Saint John Harbour. As of the 2021 census, approximately 86.4% of the residents were white, while 10.9% were visible minorities and 2.8% were Indigenous. The largest visible minority groups were Black (2.7%), South Asian (2.4%), Arab (1.5%), Chinese (1.4%), and Filipino (0.9%). 87.2% of residents spoke English as
2790-498: The following October 18 from Archbishop Timothy Casey . Duke later succeeded the late Archbishop Casey as full Archbishop of Vancouver on October 5, 1931. He attended the Second Vatican Council from 1962 to 1965. The Archbishop was a "strict disciplinarian", and was also known as the "Iron Duke". He was opposed to Sunday picnics , dances , alcohol , and Marxism , and once said of bathing beauty contests , "It lowers
2852-509: The industry is headquartered in Saint John. Prior to the opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway in 1959, the Port of Saint John functioned as the winter port for Montreal , Quebec when shipping was unable to traverse the sea ice in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and St. Lawrence River . The Canadian Pacific Railway opened a line to Saint John from Montreal in 1889 across the state of Maine and transferred
2914-574: The late 19th to early 20th centuries, the most popular styles in the city were Queen Anne and Romanesque architecture. In 1911, a proposed city hall was to share Gothic and Second Empire architectural styles. Over time, the city would no longer adopt some of these styles. Buildings in Saint John also feature stone carvings and sculptures. In 1982, Saint John introduced the Trinity Royal Heritage Conservation Area , which serves to preserve historic districts and buildings in
2976-469: The majority of its trans-Atlantic passenger and cargo shipping to the port during the winter months. The port fell into decline following the seaway opening and the start of year-round icebreaker services in the 1960s. In 1994 CPR left Saint John when it sold the line to shortline operator New Brunswick Southern Railway . The Canadian National Railway still services Saint John with a secondary mainline from Moncton . Despite these setbacks, Port Saint John
3038-415: The majority of research and monitoring work on marine life and environments. Traditional fisheries (lobster, scallops etc.) still make up the livelihood for many Saint Johners today. Aquaculture, primarily Atlantic Salmon farming, has grown to be a major employer in the region as the decline of other traditional wild fisheries has unfolded in recent decades. Cooke Aquaculture, one of the largest companies in
3100-549: The majority of the city's Black community to settle in Portland (the city's north end), which later became amalgamated with Saint John. In 1849, Canada's first labour union, the Laborer's Benevolent Association (now ILA local 273) was formed by longshoremen . Between 1840 and 1860, sectarian violence became rampant in Saint John as tensions escalated in response to the poor living conditions of poor Irish Catholics , resulting in some of
3162-592: The newly founded United States who wished to remain British after the American Revolution . During the next century, immigration via Partridge Island , especially during the Great Famine , would fundamentally change the city's demographics and culture. The Saint John area had been inhabited by peoples of the Wabanaki Confederacy for thousands of years. The northwestern coastal region of the Bay of Fundy
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#17328476462513224-481: The past three years. Today, Saint John benefits from industries such as tourism, reporting a tourism expenditure of $ 282 million in 2018. Port of Saint John , the city's port, allows for a capacity of three cruise ships, and has been a cruise ship destination since 1989, first welcoming the MS Cunard Princess . Saint John receives around 80 cruise ships annually. As of the 2023 cruise schedule, Saint John
3286-592: The population, up from 2.0% in 2011. The largest non-Christian religions were Islam (3.1%) and Hinduism (1.0%). Saint John's location along the Bay of Fundy has been of major importance to the city's prosperity. The bay's dramatic tidal range prevents the harbour from icing over, allowing the city to be accessible all year round. Shipbuilding, shipping and lumber trade rose as prominent industries. By 1840, one-third of New Brunswick's timber, as well as two-thirds of its sawn lumber and manufactured wood products, were exported through Saint John. At one point, Saint John
3348-466: The river "Wolastoq". The Saint John area was an important area for trade and defence for Acadia during the French colonial era, and Fort La Tour, in the city's harbour, was a pivotal battleground during the Acadian Civil War . After more than a century of ownership disputes between the French and English over the land surrounding Saint John, the British government deported the Acadians in 1755 following
3410-448: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Iron Duke . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iron_Duke&oldid=1247284339 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Ship disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
3472-439: The wettest time of year. Snowfalls can often be heavy, but rain is as common as snow in winter, and it is not unusual for the ground to be snow-free even in mid-winter. The highest temperature ever recorded in Saint John was 34.5 °C (94 °F) on June 20, 2024. The coldest temperature ever recorded was −36.7 °C (−34 °F) on February 11, 1948. At the 2021 census conducted by Statistics Canada , Saint John had
3534-457: The worst urban riots in Canadian history. Saint John experienced a cholera outbreak in 1854 that claimed over 1,500 lives, as well as the Great Fire of Saint John in 1877 that destroyed 40% of the city and left 13,000 people homeless. Although the fire caused damages exceeding $ 10 million (equivalent to approximately $ 256 million today), Saint John quickly embarked on rebuilding. Nevertheless,
3596-468: Was British North America 's biggest shipbuilding city, constructing many well-known ships, including the Marco Polo . However, these industries suffered a decline in trade due to technological advancements, which was only made worse with the Great Fire of Saint John in 1877. Shipbuilding in Saint John permanently ceased in 2003 following the closure of the Saint John shipyard , which had been idle for
3658-456: Was appointed Titular Archbishop of Seleucia in Isauria . He died seven years later, on August 31, 1971, at the age of 91. Saint John, New Brunswick Saint John is a seaport city located on the Bay of Fundy in the province of New Brunswick , Canada. It is Canada's oldest incorporated city, established by royal charter on May 18, 1785, during the reign of George III . The port
3720-772: Was founded in Dublin, Ireland, in 1951. Its mandate is to promote traditional Irish music and culture, and there are more than 400 branches around the world. The Saint John branch of Comhaltas is the easternmost chapter in Canada. JP Collins Celtic Festival is an Irish festival celebrating Saint John's Irish heritage. The festival is named for a young Irish doctor James Patrick Collins who worked on Partridge Island quarantine station tending to sick Irish immigrants before he died there himself. Arts organization include InterAction School of Performing Arts , New Brunswick Youth Orchestra , Symphony New Brunswick , TD Station , The Imperial Theatre , and
3782-541: Was home to the Passamaquoddy Nation, while the Saint John River valley north of the bay became the domain of the Wolastoqiyik Nation. The Mi'kmaq also frequented the Saint John area due to the harbour and coast being an important hunting ground for seals. The area around the harbour, where the city is, has been traditionally called Menahkwesk by the Wolastoqiyik people, who continue to reside in and around
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#17328476462513844-478: Was later demolished in July 2023 after having received excessive fire damage in early 2022. Saint John is home to several National Historic Sites, including war fortifications such as the Carleton Martello Tower , a War of 1812 masonry tower, Fort Menagoueche , a former French fort from Father Le Loutre's War , Fort Howe , a British fort built during the American Revolution , and Fort La Tour . Other sites include
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