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108-584: In August 2017, the last section under construction (Perdika-Ioannina) was completed and delivered to traffic by the Greek Minister of Infrastructure, Transport and Network, making Ionia Odos a fully operational motorway. It is the second major north–south road connection after the A1 motorway and is also part of the trans- balkanic Adriatic–Ionian motorway and the European routes E55 and E951 . The Ionia Odos motorway

216-497: A humid subtropical climate ( Cfa ) in the Köppen climate classification , with somewhat wetter summers than nearby coastal areas, tempered by its inland location and elevation. Summers are typically hot and moderately dry, while winters are wet and colder than on the coast with frequent frosts and occasional snowfall. Ioannina is the wettest city in mainland Greece with over 50,000 inhabitants. The absolute maximum temperature ever recorded

324-600: A chrysobull conceding wide-ranging autonomy and various privileges and exemptions on its inhabitants. A Jewish community is also attested in the city in 1319. In the Epirote revolt of 1337–1338 against Byzantine rule, the city remained loyal to Emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos . Soon afterwards Ioannina fell to the Serb ruler Stephen Dushan and remained part of the Serbian Empire until 1356, when Dushan's half-brother Simeon Uroš

432-485: A few years later an army from the restored Byzantine Empire unsuccessfully laid siege to the city. Following the assassination in 1318 of the last native ruler, Thomas I Komnenos Doukas , by his nephew Nicholas Orsini , the city refused to accept the latter and turned to the Byzantines for assistance. On this occasion, Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos elevated the city to a metropolitan bishopric , and in 1319 issued

540-635: A limited number of texts written with Greek alphabet in their idiom. Ioannina was incorporated into the Greek state on 21 February 1913 after the Battle of Bizani in the First Balkan War . The day the city came under the control of the Greek forces, aviator Christos Adamidis , a native of the city, landed his Maurice Farman MF.7 biplane in the Town Hall square, to the adulation of an enthusiastic crowd. Following

648-552: A memorandum to the Ottoman government demanding, among other things, the establishment of Albanian language schools and various Muslim Albanians of the Vilayet formed in Ioannina a committee which aimed at defending Albanian rights, but it was inactive in general. The Greek population of the region authorized a committee to present to European governments their wish for union with Greece; as

756-451: A number of atrocities against the Greek population of Ioannina, culminating in the sewing up of local women in sacks and drowning them in the nearby lake, this period of his rule coincides with the greatest economic and intellectual prosperity of the city. As a couplet has it " The city was first in arms, money and letters ". When the French scholar François Pouqueville visited the city during

864-513: A result Dimitrios Chasiotis published a memorandum in Paris in 1879. According to the Ottoman censuses of 1881–1893, the city and its environs (the central kaza of the Sanjak of Ioannina), had a population comprising 4,759 Muslims, 77,258 Greek Orthodox (including both Greek and Albanian speakers), 3,334 Jews and 207 of foreign nationality. While a number of Turkish-language schools were established at

972-606: A very small number of Sephardi . Many emigrated to New York, founding a congregation in 1906 and the Kehila Kedosha Janina synagogue in 1927. According to Rae Dalven , 1,950 Jews were living in Ioannina in April 1941. Of these, 1,870 were deported by the Nazis to concentration camps on 25 March 1944, during the final months of German occupation. Almost all of the people deported were murdered on or shortly after 11 April 1944, when

1080-483: Is 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south of the city. It is a wax museum which covers events and personalities from Greek history as well as the history of the region and is the result of the personal work of Pavlos Vrellis. A digital art exhibition, Plásmata II, was organised by the Onassis Cultural Center in the lakeside of Pamvotis , in the summer of 2023. More than 100,000 people visited the exhibition. It

1188-474: Is a new entry for the city and future actions in every area with the help of Onassis Cultural Center. The University of Ioannina ( Greek : Πανεπιστήμιο Ιωαννίνων, Panepistimio Ioanninon ) is a university five kilometres southwest of Ioannina. The university was founded in 1964, as a charter of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and became an independent university in 1970. Today, the university

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1296-453: Is estimated to exceed 200 million euros, while the rest of the axis from Polykastro to Evzoni, which already has highway features, will be upgraded with more modern features such as safety railings, new signage and pavement improvement. The exits of the completed sections of the A1 motorway: [1] [REDACTED]  Speed limit 20 [REDACTED]  Height limit 4.5 m. northern terminus of

1404-474: Is maintained by Egnatia Odos SA. The motorway passes through Mainland Greece and has largely replaced National Road 1 . It begins at Kifissou Avenue , Athens, just north of the Bay of Phaliro , and continues northward to Evzonoi , on the border with the country's northern neighbour, North Macedonia , where it continues as the A1 . Before the European routes numbers were changed, the northern part from Efzoni to EO2

1512-506: Is not supported, however, by any concrete archaeological evidence. Early 21st-century excavations have brought to light fortifications dating to the Hellenistic period , the course of which was largely followed by later reconstruction of the fortress in the Byzantine and Ottoman periods. The identification of the site with one of the ancient cities of Epirus has not yet been possible. It

1620-573: Is not until 879 that the name Ioannina appears for the first time, in the acts of the Fourth Council of Constantinople , which refer to one Zacharias, Bishop of Ioannine, a suffragan of Naupaktos . After the Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria , in 1020 Emperor Basil II subordinated the local bishopric to the Archbishopric of Ohrid . The Greek archaeologist K. Tsoures dated the Byzantine city walls and

1728-468: Is one of the leading academic institutions in Greece. As of 2017, there was a student population of 25,000 enrolled at the university (21,900 at the undergraduate level and 3,200 at the postgraduate level) and 580 faculty members, while teaching is further supplemented by 171 teaching fellows and 132 laboratory staff. The university administrative services are staffed with 420 employees. Beginning in

1836-589: Is the capital and largest city of the Ioannina regional unit and of Epirus , an administrative region in northwestern Greece . According to the 2021 census, the city population was 64,896 while the municipality had 113,978 inhabitants. It lies at an elevation of approximately 500 metres (1,640 feet) above sea level , on the western shore of Lake Pamvotis ( Παμβώτις ). Ioannina is located 410 km (255 mi) northwest of Athens , 260 kilometres (162 miles) southwest of Thessaloniki and 80 km (50 miles) east of

1944-511: The A1 Motorway . The consortium, consisting of construction firms GEK Group of Companies SA , Terna SA , Cintra SA , and Grupo ACS , will build and operate the road, receiving toll fees for 30 years, while investing a combined €1.15 billion in the project. The rest of the total €1.4 billion funds will be provided by the European Union and the Greek government. Construction, undertaken by

2052-570: The Asia Minor Catastrophe (1922) and the Treaty of Lausanne , the Muslim population was exchanged with Greek refugees from Asia Minor . A small Muslim community of Albanian origin continued to live in Ioannina after the exchange, which in 1940 counted 20 families and had decreased to 8 individuals in 1973. In 1940 during World War II the capture of the city became one of the major objectives of

2160-628: The Balkan Wars . The city is also characterized by various green areas and parks, including Molos (Lake Front), Litharitsia Park, Pirsinella Park (Giannotiko Saloni), Suburban Forest. There are two hospitals, the General Hospital of Ioannina "G. Hatzikosta", and the University Hospital of Ioannina. It is also the seat of the University of Ioannina . The city's emblem consists of the portrait of

2268-501: The Evzonoi border station, on the Greek border with North Macedonia . Today, the construction, operation and maintenance of the A1 motorway have been largely outsourced to private companies: Aftokinitodromos Aigaiou SA. ( Kleidi, Imathia - Raches, Fthiotida ), Kentriki Odos SA (Raches, Fthiotida - Skarfia, Fthiotida ) and Nea Odos SA (Skarfia, Fthiotida - Metamorfosi, Attica ). The section of Kleidi, Imathia-Evzoni since 2014 operates and

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2376-527: The Papazogleios school for girls as an endowment following her death; it operated until 1905. In 1869, a great part of Ioannina was destroyed by fire. The marketplace was soon reconstructed according to the plans of the German architect Holz, thanks to the personal interest of Ahmet Rashim Pasha, the local governor. Communities of people from Ioannina living abroad were active in financing the construction of most of

2484-591: The Patras–Athens–Thessaloniki–Evzonoi ( P.A.Th.E. ) motorway , is the 2nd longest motorway in Greece with a length of 550 km. It is the principal north–south road connection in Greece, connecting the country's capital Athens with the regions of Thessaly and Macedonia , as well as the country's second largest city, Thessaloniki . It starts from Neo Faliro in Attica and continues north to reach

2592-622: The Rio–Antirrio bridge , the world's longest fully suspended cable-stayed bridge, began in 1998, more than 100 years after a first proposal by then-prime minister Charilaos Trikoupis . The bridge was inaugurated on 7 August 2004, a week before the opening of the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens . With a length of 33 km, the Agrinio bypass was the first major segment of the northern A5 section to be completed. While construction had begun in 2002/03, it

2700-701: The VIII Division headquarters. It dates from the late 19th century. Some neoclassical buildings such the post office, the old Zosimaia School , the Papazogleios Weaving School, and the former Commercial School date from the late Ottoman period as do a few arcades in the old commercial centre of the city like Stoa Louli and Stoa Liampei. The churches of the Assumption of the Virgin at Perivleptos, Saint Nicholas of Kopanon and Saint Marina were rebuilt in

2808-570: The Zosimades brothers, books for use in the schools of Ioannina such as the Arithmetica of Balanos Vasilopoulos , as well as medical books. At the same time these merchants and entrepreneurs maintained close economic and intellectual relations with their birthplace and founded charity and education establishments. These merchants were to be major national benefactors. Thus the Epiphaniou School

2916-663: The bimah (where the Torah scrolls are read out during service) is on a raised dais on the western wall, the Aron haKodesh (where the Torah scrolls are kept) is on the eastern wall and at the middle there is a wide interior aisle . The names of the Ioanniote Jews who were killed in the Holocaust are engraved in stone on the walls of the synagogue. There was a Romaniote Jewish community living in Ioannina before World War II , in addition to

3024-567: The treaty of partition of the Byzantine lands after the Fourth Crusade , Ioannina was promised to the Venetians, but in the event, it became part of the new state of Epirus , founded by Michael I Komnenos Doukas . Under Michael I, the city was enlarged and fortified anew. The Metropolitan of Naupaktos , John Apokaukos , reports how the city was but a "small town", until Michael gathered refugees who had fled Constantinople and other parts of

3132-527: The 1204 sack of Constantinople , with the city experiencing great prosperity and considerable autonomy, despite the political turmoil. Ioannina surrendered to the Ottomans in 1430 and until 1868 it was the administrative center of the Pashalik of Yanina . In the period between the 18th and 19th centuries, the city was a major center of the modern Greek Enlightenment . Ioannina was ceded to Greece in 1913 following

3240-409: The 1850s by funds from Nikolaos Zosimas and his brothers on the foundations of previous churches that perished in the great fire of 1820. The Cathedral of St Athanasius was completed in 1933. It was built on the foundations of the previous Orthodox cathedral which was destroyed in the fires of 1820. It is a three-aisled basilica . Some of the most important museums of the city are within the walls of

3348-574: The 18th century bore an inscription which dated its foundation in the late 9th century AD. The existing synagogue was built in 1829 and is known as the Old Synagogue. It is located in the old fortified part of the city known as "Kastro" , at 16 Ioustinianou street. Its architecture is typical of the Ottoman era, a large building made of stone. The interior of the synagogue is laid out in the Romaniote way:

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3456-580: The A1 Paralia [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Paralia , Kallithea Dion East: [REDACTED] Plaka Skotina East: [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Leptokarya , [REDACTED] Paralia Skotinas Neoi Poroi Makrychori [REDACTED] Media related to A1 (Greece) at Wikimedia Commons Ioannina Ioannina ( Greek : Ιωάννινα Ioánnina [i.oˈa.ni.na] ), often called Yannena ( Γιάννενα Yánnena [ˈʝa.ne.na] ) within Greece,

3564-614: The Amfilochia interchange, it was opened on 27 December 2016 by the minister Christos Spirtzis. Also, the 37 km long section Kampi (Filippiada interchange) - Avgo was opened to traffic on 22 February 2017 by the minister of infrastructure Christos Spirtzis, however without the connection with the A2 motorway (Egnatia Odos), which was completed in August 2017. The latter was one of the most difficult motorway segments under construction in Greece because of

3672-464: The Antirrio-Ioannina carriageway being under construction where the old road was. The latter was moved eastwards in order to make room for the construction of the motorway and the traffic is diverted there. The 17 km Arta bypass begins from Sellades near Arta and ends at Filippiada , near the border with the prefecture of Preveza . Its first part ( Arta north interchange - Filippiada

3780-558: The Antitrion - Ioannina section was finally completed in 2017. Construction began on the Patras - Pyrgos section in 2022 with completion due in 2025. The exits of the main northern section of the A5 motorway: The Patras bypass was the first segment of Olympia Odos that was put into service. Planning of the bypass began in the 1980s, but construction did not begin until the 1990s. It passes east of

3888-563: The Byzantine Emperor Justinian crowned by a stylized depiction of the nearby ancient theater of Dodona . The city's formal name, Ioannina , is probably a corruption of Agioannina or Agioanneia , 'place of St. John', and is said to be linked to the establishment of a monastery dedicated to Saint John the Baptist , around which the later settlement (in the area of the current Ioannina Castle ) grew. According to another theory,

3996-477: The Empire that fell to the crusaders of the Fourth Crusade , and settled them there, transforming the city into a fortress and "ark of salvation". Despite frictions with local inhabitants who tried in 1232 to expel the refugees, the latter were eventually successfully settled and Ioannina gained in both population and economic and political importance. In the aftermath of the Battle of Pelagonia in 1259, much of Epirus

4104-482: The Euroionia Joint Venture (Terna SA, Dragados SA and Ferrovial SA) finally started in 2008 with a completion date of 72 months. The bill was ratified on March 28, 2007. In 2010, it was expected that the full length of the motorway would be completed by the end of 2013. However, the consortium's economical problems led to the construction being stopped in 2011. Construction works resumed in April 2013, and

4212-472: The German army murdered in reprisal nearly 100 people in the village of Lingiades, 13 kilometres distant from Ioaninna, in what is known as the Lingiades massacre . The University of Ioannina was founded in 1970; until then, higher education faculties in the city had been part of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki . According to the local Greek scholar Panayiotis Aravantinos , a synagogue destroyed in

4320-461: The Greek world, was either from Ioannina or was a graduate of one of the city's schools." In 1788 the city became the center of the territory ruled by Ali Pasha , an area that included the entire northwestern part of Greece, southern parts of Albania , Thessaly as well as parts of Euboea and the Peloponnese . The Ottoman-Albanian lord Ali Pasha was one of the most influential personalities of

4428-559: The Ioannites invited the Count palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos , Carlo I Tocco , who had already been expanding his domains into Epirus for the last decade, as their new ruler. By 1416 Carlo I Tocco had managed to capture Arta as well, thereby reuniting the core of the old Epirote realm, and received recognition from both the Ottomans and the Byzantine emperor. Ioannina became the summer capital of

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4536-582: The Italian Army. Nevertheless, the Greek defense in Kalpaki pushed back the invading Italians. In April 1941 Ioannina was intensively bombed by the German forces even during the negotiations that led to the capitulation of the Greek army. During the subsequent Axis occupation of Greece , the city's Jewish community was rounded up by the Germans in 1944 and mostly perished in the concentration camps. On 3 October 1943,

4644-622: The Monastery of St Nicholas (Spanou) or Philanthropinon (1292), St John the Baptist (1506), Eleousis (1570), St Panteleimon (17th century), and of the Transfiguration of Christ (1851). The monasteries of Strategopoulou and Philanthropinon also functioned as colleges. Alexios Spanos, the monks Proklos and Comnenos, and the Apsarades brothers Theophanis and Nektarios are among those that taught there. The school continued its activities until 1758, when it

4752-498: The Ottoman commander, Sinan Pasha, promised to spare the city and respect its autonomy. Under Ottoman rule, Ioannina remained an administrative centre, as the seat of the Sanjak of Ioannina , and experienced a period of relative stability and prosperity. The first Ottoman tax registers for the city dates to 1564, and records 50 Muslim households and 1,250 Christian ones; another register from 15 years later mentions Jews as well. In 1611

4860-628: The Thermopylae- Bralos Bypass section was delivered. In 2014, the Velestino interchange was completed, which connects ATHE with Volos . In 2015, the last section of Maliakos Stylida-Raches with the tunnels of Stylida, with the upgraded Lamia interchange and the new bridge of Sperchios (bypass of Lamia) was handed over to traffic. In 2016, the northern interchange of Katerini was completed, after about 26 years of construction, due to expropriation and financing problems. On April 6, 2017,

4968-527: The Tocco domains, and Carlo I died there in July 1429. Carlo I's army, as well as the army of the city of Ioannina itself both before and during Carlo I's rule, was composed primarily of Albanians . His oldest bastard son, Ercole, called on the Ottomans for aid against the legitimate heir, Carlo II Tocco . In 1430 an Ottoman army, fresh from the capture of Thessalonica, appeared before Ioannina. The city surrendered after

5076-603: The Yliki- Agios Konstantinos section was completed. In 2004 the first tunnel of the A1 was built, the tunnel of Katerini (tunnels of Alexander the Great and Philip), while in the same year Kifissos Avenue was handed over, which is the part of the road that connects Metamorfosi with Faliro , above the Kifissos river , inside Athens. In November 2017, with the launch of the tender for the privatization of Egnatia Motorway and

5184-602: The abolition of all privileges granted to the Christian inhabitants, who were driven away from the castle area and had to settle around it. From then onwards, Turks and Jews were to be established in the castle area. The School of the Despots at the Church of the Taxiarchs, that had been operating since 1204, was closed. Aslan Pasha also destroyed the monastery of St. John the Baptist within

5292-472: The announcement of its terms, it was announced that the upgrade of the Halastra-Polykastro section from an expressway to as motorway was under planning. This was confirmed in September 2018. Construction costs are estimated to exceed €200 million, and the remainder of the axis from Polykastro to Evzoni, which has already been characterized a motorway will be upgraded with more modern features such as safety barriers, new signage and road improvements. In 2005, it

5400-427: The castle. The Municipal Ethnographic Museum is hosted in Aslan Pasha Mosque in the north-east citadel. It is divided into three departments, each one representing one of the main communities that inhabited the city: Greek, Muslim, and Jewish. The Byzantine Museum is in the south-eastern citadel of the castle. The museum opened in 1995 in order to preserve and present artefacts of the wider region of Epirus covering

5508-415: The city in c.  1670 , counted 37 quarters, of which 18 Muslim, 14 Christian, 4 Jewish and 1 Gypsy. He estimated the population at 4,000 hearths. Despite the repression and conversions in the 17th century, and the prominence of the Muslim population in the city's affairs, Ioannina retained its Christian majority throughout Ottoman rule, and the Greek language retained a dominant position; Turkish

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5616-410: The city suffered a serious setback as a result of a peasant revolt led by Dionysius the Philosopher , the Metropolitan of Larissa . The Greek inhabitants of the city were unaware of the intent of the fighting as previous successes of Dionysius had depended on the element of surprise. Much confusion ensued as Turks and Christians ended up indiscriminately fighting friend and foe alike. The revolt ended in

5724-449: The city walls in 1618 erected in its place the Aslan Pasha Mosque , today housing the Municipal Ethnographic Museum of Ioannina . The Ottoman reprisals in the wake of the revolt included the confiscation of many timars previously granted to Christian sipahis ; this began a wave of conversions to Islam by the local gentry, who became the so-called Tourkoyanniotes (Τoυρκογιαννιώτες). The Ottoman traveller Evliya Çelebi , who visited

5832-401: The city was named after Ioannina, the daughter of Belisarius , general of the emperor Justinian . There are two forms of the name in Greek, Ioannina being the formal and historical name, while the colloquial and much more commonly used Υannena or Υannina ( Greek : Γιάννενα, Γιάννινα ) represents the vernacular tradition of Demotic Greek . The demotic form also corresponds to those in

5940-426: The city's churches, schools and other elegant buildings of charitable establishments. The first bank of the Ottoman Empire , the Ottoman Bank , opened its first branch in Greece in Ioannina, which shows the power of the city in world trade in the 19th century. As the 19th century came to a close, signs of national agitation emerged among some parts of the city' s population. In 1877 for example, Albanian leaders sent

6048-456: The city, through the foothills of the Panachaiko mountain, and consists of several tunnels and bridges. In October 2002, the bypass was opened to traffic. As a result, traffic in downtown Patras has significantly decreased. Largely following the course of National Road 9 , the Patras bypass in early years was signposted as part of a new, separate Motorway 9 . Later it was reassigned to the then-planned trans-Peloponnese Motorway 8 , before it

6156-423: The conversion to a motorway began in the mid-1980s, with the construction of the sections Klidi interchange- Gallikos river (delivered in 1988), Bogiati camp - Kryoneri interchange (delivered in 1989) (4.5 km), Inofyta interchange- Schimatari interchange (delivered in 1989) (12.5 km), Ritsona interchange - Thebes interchange (delivered in 1989) (14.8 km). In the early 1990s, work began on

6264-446: The country: The A1 motorway is connected to the following airports: The A1 motorway is connected to the following harbours: The old Greek National Road 1 , was a historic road, which connected Athens with the Customs of Evzoni , through Dhekelia , Atalanti , Kamena Vourla , Thermopylae , Lamia , Stylida , Almyros , Velestino , Larissa , Valley of Tempi , Katerini , Alexandria , Gefyra and Polykastro . The road followed

6372-434: The delivery of the part Katerini - Thessaloniki - Evzoni. For the most part it was 13 metres (43 ft) - 14 metres (46 ft) (except for the part of the Valley of Tempi, which was 10 metres (33 ft), because it was built on a mountain) and 2 traffic lanes (1 lane + 1 auxiliary lane in each direction), without a median strip . The Polykastro - Evzoni section was the first section with motorway specifications. Work on

6480-424: The early 2020s, Ioannina has started to evolve into a significant technology hub. The city has attracted technology companies, which have helped to bolster Ioannina's technological capacity and contributed to a new economic trajectory for the city, driving development in this sector. Additionally, the prefecture has been actively fostering partnerships between Greek and German companies in a bid to further strengthen

6588-423: The early years of the 19th century, he counted 3,200 homes (2,000 Christian, 1,000 Muslim, 200 Jewish). The efforts of Ali Pasha to break away from the Sublime Porte alarmed the Ottoman government, and in 1820 (the year before the Greek War of Independence began) he was declared guilty of treason and Ioannina was besieged by Turkish troops. Ali Pasha was assassinated in 1822 in the monastery of St Panteleimon on

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6696-437: The entire length of the sections Athens - Thebes interchange, and Katerini - Klidi. As early as 1995, National Road 1 had highway specifications in the sections Athens - Yliki , Katerini - Klidi - Thessaloniki and Polykastro - Evzoni. In 1998, it had six lanes in the Athens ( Metamorfosi ) -Thebe section and four in the Thebes-Tempi section, with the exception of a few sections in Magnesia , which still had two. In 2002

6804-437: The extensive destruction suffered in Molossia during the Roman conquest of 167 BC, settlement continued in the basin albeit no longer in an urban pattern. The exact time of Ioannina's foundation is unknown, but it is commonly identified with an unnamed new, "well-fortified" city, recorded by the historian Procopius as having been built by the Byzantine emperor Justinian I for the inhabitants of ancient Euroia . This view

6912-399: The fall of Venice and closed in 1797 to be reopened as the Kaplaneios School thanks to a benefaction from an Ioannite living in Russia , Zoes Kaplanes. Its schoolmaster, Athanasios Psalidas had been a student of Methodios Anthrakites and had also studied in Vienna and in Russia . Psalidas established an important library of thousands of volumes in several languages and laboratories for

7020-409: The fortifications underwent several modifications throughout the centuries. The most extensive alterations where conducted during the rule of Ali Pasha and were completed in 1815. Several monuments such as the Byzantine baths, the Ottoman baths, the Ottoman library, and the Soufari Sarai are found within the castle's walls. There are two citadels in the castle. The south-eastern citadel, which bears

7128-407: The house owners receiving compensations for their respective areas, thus allowing full construction of the road. In late 2006, construction and maintenance of the motorway's northern, Ionia Odos , section from Ioannina to the Rio intersection has been granted to the Greek-Spanish "Nea Odos" consortium, which is also responsible for the maintenance of the Athens – Skarfeia (near Lamia) section of

7236-576: The human habitation of Epirus from prehistoric times through the late Roman Period, with special emphasis placed on finds from the Dodona sanctuary. The Municipal Art Gallery of Ioannina (Dimotiki Pinakothiki) is housed in the Pyrsinella neoclassical building dating from around 1890. The gallery's collection displays major modern works of painters and sculptors, collected through purchases and donations from various collectors and artists. This includes about 500 works, paintings, drawings, prints, pictures and sculptures. The Pavlos Vrellis Greek History Museum

7344-477: The island of the lake, where he took refuge while waiting to be pardoned by Sultan Mahmud II . The Zosimaia was the first significant educational foundation established after the outbreak of the Greek War of Independence (1828). It was financed by a benefaction from the Zosimas brothers and began operating in 1828 and fully probably from 1833. It was a School of Liberal Arts (Greek, Philosophy and Foreign Languages). The mansion of Angeliki Papazoglou became

7452-456: The local economy and tech ecosystem. A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed with the Greek-German Chamber, outlining the recovery plan for the region, a move that has been seen as a significant step in boosting technological development in Ioannina. The city hosts consulates from the following countries: An informal meeting of the foreign ministers of the states of the European Union took place in Ioannina on 27 March 1994, resulting in

7560-402: The mainland and can be reached on small motorboats running on varying frequencies depending on the season. The monastery of St Panteleimon, where Ali Pasha spent his last days waiting for a pardon from the Sultan , is now a museum housing everyday artefacts and relics of his period. There are six monasteries on the island: the monastery of St Nicholas (Ntiliou) or Strategopoulou (11th century),

7668-407: The municipal unit Ioannina has an area of 47.440 km , and the community Ioannina (the city proper) has an area of 17.335 km . The present municipality Ioannina was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 6 former municipalities, that became municipal units (constituent communities in brackets): Ioannina has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate ( Csa ) or

7776-573: The name Its Kale (Ιτς Καλέ, from Turkish Iç Kale , 'inner fortress') is where the Fethiye Mosque , the tomb of Ali Pasha , and the Byzantine Museum are located. The north-eastern citadel is dominated by the Aslan Pasha Mosque and also contains a few other monuments dating from the Ottoman period. The old Jewish Synagogue of Ioannina is within the walls of the castle and is one of

7884-577: The neighboring languages (e.g., Albanian : Janina or Janinë , Aromanian : Ianina, Enina or Enãna , Macedonian : Јанина , Turkish : Yanya ). The first indications of human presence in Ioannina basin are dated back to the Paleolithic period (24,000 years ago) as testified by findings in the cavern of Kastritsa. During classical antiquity the basin was inhabited by the Molossians and four of their settlements have been identified there. Despite

7992-459: The new overlord of Ioannina. Thomas proved a deeply unpopular ruler, but he nonetheless repelled successive attempts by Albanian chieftains including a surprise attack in 1379, whose failure the Ioannites attributed to intervention by their patron saint, Michael. After Thomas' murder in 1384, the citizens of Ioannina offered their city to Esau de' Buondelmonti , who married Thomas' widow, Maria . Esau recalled those exiled under Thomas and restored

8100-582: The northeastern citadel of the Ioannina Castle to the 10th century, with additions in the late 11th century, including the south-eastern citadel, traditionally ascribed to the short-lived occupation of the city by the Normans under the leadership of Bohemond of Taranto in 1082. In a chrysobull to the Venetians in 1198, the city is listed as part of its own province ( provincia Joanninorum or Joaninon ). In

8208-539: The old synagogue. The last time a Bar Mitzvah (the Jewish ritual for celebrating the coming of age of a child) was held in the synagogue was in 2000, and was an exceptional event for the community. A monument dedicated to the thousands of Greek Jews who perished during the Holocaust was constructed in the city in a 13th-century Jewish cemetery. In 2003 the memorial was vandalized by unknown anti-Semites. The Jewish cemetery too

8316-407: The oldest and largest buildings of its type surviving in Greece. Several religious and secular monuments survive from the Ottoman period. In addition to the two mosques surviving within the walls of the castle, two further mosques are preserved outside the walls. The Mosque and Madrassa of Veli Pasha are in the centre of the city, and Kaloutsiani Mosque can be found in the area of the city with

8424-638: The period from the 4th to the 19th century. The newest addition to the city's museum, the silversmithing museum, is also in the south-eastern citadel. It is housed in the western bastion of the citadel and outlines the history of the art of silversmithing in Epirus. Outside the walls of the castle, close to the town centre, one will find the Archaeological Museum of Ioannina . It is in the Litharitsia fortress area. It includes archaeological exhibits documenting

8532-628: The port of Igoumenitsa on the Ionian Sea . The city's foundation has traditionally been ascribed to the Byzantine Emperor Justinian in the 6th century AD, but modern archaeological research has uncovered evidence of Hellenistic settlements. Ioannina flourished in the late Byzantine period (13th–15th centuries). It became part of the Despotate of Epirus following the Fourth Crusade and many wealthy Byzantine families fled there following

8640-476: The presence of 1,900 shops and workshops. The great economic prosperity of the city was followed by remarkable cultural activity. During the 17th and 18th centuries, many important schools were established. Its inhabitants continued their commercial and handicraft activities which allowed them to trade with important European commercial centers, such as Venice and Livorno , where merchants from Ioannina established commercial and banking houses. The Ioannite diaspora

8748-479: The priests Georgios Sougdouris (1685/7–1725) and Anastasios Papavasileiou (1715–?), the monk Methodios Anthrakites , his student Ioannis Vilaras and Kosmas Balanos . The Balaneios taught philosophy, theology and mathematics. It suffered financially from the dissolution of the Republic of Venice by the French and finally stopped operation in 1820. The school's library, which hosted several manuscripts and epigrams,

8856-563: The properties confiscated by him. In 1389, Ioannina was besieged by Gjin Bua Shpata , and only with the aid of an Ottoman army was Esau able to repel the Albanians. Despite the ongoing Ottoman expansion and the conflicts between Turks and Albanians in the vicinity of Ioannina, Esau managed to secure a period of peace for the city, especially following his second marriage to Shpata's daughter Irene in c.  1396 . Following Esau's death in 1411,

8964-516: The region in the 18th and 19th centuries. Born in Tepelenë , he maintained diplomatic relations with the most important European leaders of the time and his court became a point of attraction for many of those restless minds who would become major figures of the Greek Revolution ( Georgios Karaiskakis , Odysseas Androutsos , Markos Botsaris and others). During this time, however, Ali Pasha committed

9072-603: The route of the streets of antiquity. However, over time, its specifications began to be considered obsolete, as in the rest of Europe , modern highways began were started to be built. Thus, in the mid-1950s, construction work began on a new road, which began in 1959 with the delivery of the Larissa-Katerini section (Later, the Athens-Lamia section in 1962 and the Lamia-Larissa section in 1967) and were completed in 1973, with

9180-483: The rugged mountainous terrain along its route. The most important tunnel of the motorway, the Klokova Tunnel , has been excavated and other works are undergoing. The 37 km section Klokova-Kefalovryso was opened to traffic on 12 April 2017 (without some of the interchanges, which are ready by August 2017). In early September 2016, It was announced that the rest of the expropriation works were successfully settled with

9288-524: The same name. The now derelict "House of the Archbishop", near the football stadium, is the only old mansion that survived the fire of 1820. Some of the notable landmarks in the city centre also date from the late Ottoman period. The municipal clock tower of Ioannina, designed by local architect Periklis Meliritos, was erected in 1905 to celebrate the Jubilee of sultan Abdul Hamid II . The adjacent building houses

9396-611: The section Evangelismos - Skotina (bypass of Tempi and Platamonas ), 25 km long, was delivered. In November 2017, with the start of the tender for the privatization of Egnatia Odos and the announcement of its terms, it became known that the HRDH may include in the object of the Concession Agreement the upgrade of the section Halastra - Polykastro from expressway to motorway, which was confirmed in September 2018. The construction cost

9504-554: The study of experimental physics and chemistry that aroused the interest and suspicion of Ali Pasha. The Kaplaneios was burned down along with most of the rest of the city after the entry of the Sultan's armies in 1820. These schools took over the long tradition of the Byzantine era, giving a significant boost to the Greek Enlightenment . "During the 18th century", Neophytos Doukas wrote with some exaggeration, "every author of

9612-561: The time, Greek-language education retained its prominent position. Even the city's prominent Muslim families preferred to send their children to well-established Greek institutions, notably the Zosimaia . As a result, the dominance of the Greek language in the city continued: the minutes of the city council were kept in Greek, and the official newspaper, Vilayet , established in 1868, was bilingual in Turkish and Greek. By 1908 an Albanian association

9720-612: The tollway runs close to the coast of the Aegean Sea . It then continues north of the Tempe Valley and up to the junction of the European route E90 . It then shares a 25 km common part with the A2 /E90 (on a west–east direction), and then, at the "Axios Interchange", continues north to Evzonoi and the national border with North Macedonia . Its total length is approximately 550 km. The A1 motorway passes near major urban centers in

9828-633: The train carrying them reached Auschwitz-Birkenau . Only 181 Ioannina Jews are known to have survived the war, including 112 who survived Auschwitz and 69 who fled to join the resistance leader Napoleon Zervas and the National Republican Greek League (EDES). Approximately 164 of these survivors eventually returned to Ioannina. As of 2008, the remaining community has shrunk to about 50 mostly elderly people. The Kehila Kedosha Yashan Synagogue remains locked, only opened for visitors on request. Emigrant Romaniotes return every summer and open

9936-440: The western shore of Lake Pamvotis ( Παμβώτις ). It is located within the Ioannina municipality, and is the capital of Ioannina regional unit and the region of Epirus . Ioannina is located 436 km (271 mi) northwest of Athens , 290 kilometres (180 miles) southwest of Thessaloniki and 90 km (56 miles) east of the port of Igoumenitsa in the Ionian Sea . The municipality Ioannina has an area of 403.322 km ,

10044-596: Was E5N , while today the entire road is part of European route E75 . The task of maintaining and charging for parts of the motorway has recently been ceded to private consortia, part of the deal for the construction of the A5 (Ionia Odos), the A3 /E65, and the bypass of Tempe Valley. The part west of downtown Athens runs over the Cephisus river and Kifissou Avenue. From north of the boundary of Voiotia - Phthiotis , up to near Velestino ,

10152-418: Was 42.4 °C (108 °F), while the absolute minimum ever recorded was −13 °C (9 °F). According to the 2021 census the resident population fell by 4.2%. Men constitute 48.9% and women 51.1% of the total population. One of the most notable attractions of Ioannina is the inhabited island of Lake Pamvotis which is simply referred to as Island of Ioannina . The island is a short ferry trip from

10260-452: Was already active in Ioannina with the goal of removing the Albanian schools and churches of Ioaninna from the Greek's Patriarchate sphere of influence. During the Ottoman period ( turcokracy ) the religious-linguistic minority of "Turco-yanniotes" ( Τουρκογιαννιώτες ) existed in Ioannina and neighbouring areas. These were islamized "Yaniotes" (= people from Ioannina), who spoke Greek. There is

10368-561: Was also burned the same year following the capture of Ioannina by the troops the Sultan had sent against Ali Pasha . The Maroutses family, also active in Venice, founded the Maroutsaia School , which opened in 1742 and its first director Eugenios Voulgaris championed the study of the physical sciences (physics and chemistry) as well as philosophy and Greek. The Maroutsaia also suffered after

10476-515: Was also culturally active: Nikolaos Glykys (in 1670), Nikolaos Sarros (in 1687) and Dimitrios Theodosiou (in 1755) established private printing presses in Venice, responsible for over 1,600 editions of books for circulation in the Ottoman-ruled Greek lands, and Ioannina was the centre through which these books were channeled into Greece. These were significant historical, theological as well as scientific works, including an algebra book funded by

10584-693: Was completed along its entire length, except for the "Horseshoe" of Maliakos and Tempi. On June 13, 2007, the Aegean Motorway SA was established, which undertook the construction and operation of the motorway in the Raches -Klidi section. In the same year, the first sections of Maliakos, the Agios Konstantinos Bypass, the Kamenon Vourlon Bypass and the 4.5 km long Agia Paraskevi-Agia Marina section were opened to traffic. In 2008

10692-612: Was considered a part of the Adriatic–Ionian A5 . Construction and maintenance of the Patras bypass Olympia Odos section has been mandated to the "Olympia Odos" consortium which also built the A8 Motorway . = The exits of the southern, Patras bypass, section of the A5 motorway: A1 motorway (Greece) The A1 motorway , also known as the Athens–Thessaloniki–Evzonoi ( A.Th.E. ) motorway , and formerly

10800-413: Was evicted by Nikephoros II Orsini . The attempt of Nikephoros to restore the Epirote state was short-lived as he was killed in the Battle of Achelous against Albanian tribes., but Ioannina was not captured. It thus served as a place of refuge for many Greeks of the region of Vagenetia . In 1366–67 Simeon Uroš, having recovered Epirus and Thessaly, appointed his son-in-law Thomas II Preljubović as

10908-403: Was founded in 1647 by a Greek merchant of Ioannite origin resident in Venice, Epiphaneios Igoumenos. The Gioumeios School was founded in 1676 by a benefaction from another wealthy Ioannite Greek from Venice, Emmanuel Goumas. It was renamed Balaneios by its rector, Balanos Vasilopoulos , in 1725. Here worked several notable personalities of the Greek Enlightenment , such as Bessarion Makris ,

11016-677: Was fully put into service in May 2009. Starting from Aitoliko , the road bypasses the largest city and economical center of the Aetolia-Acarnania prefecture, Agrinio and ends in Kouvaras . It largely replaced the 12 km longer National Road 5 . On July 28, 2015, a 4,5 km segment before the Aitoliko interchange became operational. This segment features the Ioannina-Antirrio carriageway, with

11124-524: Was occupied by the Empire of Nicaea , and Ioannina was placed under siege. Soon, however, the Epirote ruler Michael II Komnenos Doukas , aided by his younger son John I Doukas , managed to recover their capital of Arta and relieve Ioannina, evicting the Nicaeans from Epirus. In c.  1275 or c.  1285 , John I Doukas, now ruler of Thessaly , launched a raid against the city and its environs, and

11232-531: Was one of the most challenging construction projects in Greece , as it spans a big part of Western Greece and because of its location on the foothills of the Pindus mountain range. After its completion in August 2017, it reduced travel times between Antirrio and Ioannina to 1 hour and 40 minutes, down from 3 hours and 30 minutes and will provide a boost to the economy of the regions it spans ( Western Greece and Epirus ). The motorway consists of: Construction of

11340-477: Was opened in 2003 and the second part ( Sellades / Arta south interchange - Arta north interchange) was opened in April 2011, with the bridge of the Arta north interchange being inaugurated on 22 November 2013. As of December 2016, the 25 km Kouvaras interchange - Amfilochia interchange (Amfilochia bypass) segment has been completed. It should have been opened by July 2016, but because of landslides just before

11448-541: Was repeatedly vandalized in 2009. As a response to the vandalisms, citizens of the city formed an initiative for the protection of the cemetery and organized rallies. In the municipal election of 2019, independent candidate Moses Elisaf , a 65-year-old doctor, was elected mayor of the city, the first Jewish elected mayor in Greece. Elisaf won 50.3 percent of the vote. Elisaf received 17,789 votes, 235 more than his runoff opponent. Ioannina lies at an elevation of approximately 500 metres (1,640 feet) above sea level , on

11556-535: Was spoken by the Ottoman officials and the garrison, and the Albanian inhabitants used Albanian, but the lingua franca and native language of most inhabitants was Greek, including among the Tourkoyanniotes , and was sometimes used by the Ottoman authorities themselves. The city also soon recovered from the financial effects of the revolt. In the late 17th century Ioannina was a thriving city with respect to population and commercial activity. Evliya Çelebi mentions

11664-406: Was superseded by the newer collegial institutions within the city. The island's winding streets are also home to many gift-shops, tavernas, churches and bakeries. At the south-eastern edge of the town on a rocky peninsula of Lake Pamvotis , the castle was the administrative heart of the Despotate of Epirus , and the Ottoman vilayet . The castle was in constant use until the late Ottoman period and

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