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68-667: The institute publishes a variety of books and journals, and holds an international conference every two years. The biennial convention was commonly known as the ISI Session; however, since 2011, it is now referred to as the ISI World Statistics Congress . The permanent office of the institute is located in the Statistics Netherlands (CBS) building in the Leidschenveen-Ypenburg district of The Hague , in

136-524: A Council of Ministers found itself suddenly facing a new and unfriendly parliament. When the inevitable clash came, it was an established political trick for the Prime Minister to attempt to resolve the problem by dissolving the parliament in name of the monarch in the hope that new elections brought a more favourable parliament (but it was also possible for the trick to backfire, in which case the new, equally hostile and far more angry parliament would suspend

204-450: A ceremonial role. The monarch has a role relating to the formation of a new government after parliamentary elections . This power is not directed in the constitution. After the parliamentary election, there follows a period of time in which the leaders of the political parties in parliament seek to form a coalition of parties that can command a majority of the newly elected parliament. The current nationwide party-list system, combined with

272-411: A claim to the throne by children born out of wedlock. If the king dies while his wife is pregnant: the unborn child is considered the heir at that point, unless stillborn – the child is then considered never to have existed. As such, if the preceding king dies while his wife is pregnant with their first child, the unborn child is immediately considered born and immediately becomes the new king or queen. If

340-500: A government formation without monarch should take place, it was initially feared the subsequent government formation would be chaotic. However, a new government coalition was formed within 54 days – surprisingly early for Dutch standards. Instead of the monarch, the Speaker of the House of Representatives appointed the informateur – whose function was renamed to 'scout'. After the negotiations,

408-683: A large affair with much pomp and circumstance, in which the States-General and other major bodies of government assemble in the Ridderzaal to hear the King deliver the speech from the throne after having arrived from the Noordeinde Palace in his golden carriage . Both in constitutional aspects and in ceremony the event has much in common with both the British State Opening of Parliament and

476-436: A low threshold for getting a seat (two-thirds of one percent of the vote), makes it all but impossible for one party to win an outright majority. Thus, the bargaining required to put together a governing coalition is as important as the election itself. This process of negotiations, which can last anywhere from two to four months (more on occasion), is coordinated in the initial stages by one or more informateurs , whose duty it

544-414: A representative of the united government. And when the government decides, the monarch is in agreement (even if the monarch personally disagrees). As an ultimate consequence of this, it is not possible for the monarch to refuse to sign into law a proposal of law that has been agreed to and signed by the responsible minister. Such a disagreement between the monarch and his minister is a situation not covered by

612-453: A situation in which there is no monarch. This is because there must be a head of state in order for the government to function, as there must be someone who carries out the tasks of the constitutional role of the King/Queen. For this reason, the new monarch assumes the role the moment the previous monarch ceases to hold the throne. The only exception is if there is no heir at all, in which case

680-427: Is being stripped of his authority will probably not agree to sign the act of his removal, and—in the case of the States-General removing a monarch who has become unfit due to mental or physical incapacitation—may not be able to). Since neither ceding nor removal is permanent, neither triggers succession. Instead, the States-General appoint a regent. This must be the heir apparent if he or she is old enough. In order for

748-467: Is formulated in such a way as to be decreed by the monarch. The final involvement of the monarch with the States is dissolution . Constitutionally, the government is empowered to dissolve either house of the states by royal decree. This means that a minister (usually the prime minister) makes the decision and the monarch countersigns. The signing of such a royal decree constitutionally implies new elections for

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816-459: Is one, the monarch abides by the decision of the ministers. In fact, the monarchs of the Netherlands rarely make any executive decisions at all and practically never speak in public on any subject other than to read a statement prepared by the Prime Minister (since an unfortunate off-the-cuff remark could get a minister into trouble). The practical consequence of this limit on the power of the monarch

884-428: Is that the monarch never makes a decision on his own. Every decision, every decree must be countersigned by the responsible minister(s). Technically, the monarch has a lot of practical power. For instance, no proposal of law actually becomes law until signed by the monarch – and there is no legal requirement for the monarch to sign. In practice, the monarch will always give assent since most proposals of law are made by

952-417: Is the basis of the full power and influence of the monarch and makes him beyond reproach before the law, but also limits his practical power, as he can take no responsibility for it. The first paragraph of Article 42 determines that the government of the Netherlands consists of the monarch and his ministers. The monarch is according to this article not the head of government; the ministers are not answerable to

1020-526: Is there to investigate possible coalitions and report on them. He could technically seek "favourable" coalitions, but the political parties involved are usually quite clear on what they want and do not want and the first choice for coalition almost always is the coalition of preference of the largest party in the new parliament. Besides, the monarchs and (particularly) the queens have traditionally known better than to appoint controversial informateurs, usually settling for well-established yet fairly neutral people in

1088-527: Is to investigate and report upon viable coalitions. After a likely combination is found, a formateur is appointed to conduct the formal coalition negotiations and form a new Council of Ministers (of which the formateur himself usually becomes the Prime Minister). If the negotiations fail, the cycle starts over. The informateurs and formateur in question are all appointed to this task by the monarch. The monarch makes his own decision in this, based on advice from

1156-480: The Senate . As in most parliamentary democracies , the States-General are dually responsible for overseeing the government in its executive duties as well as approving proposals of law before they can become as such. In this respect, it is vital for the government to maintain good relations with the States-General and technically the monarch shares in that effort (although the monarch never officially speaks to members of

1224-550: The Council of State assumes the role of the monarch pending the appointment of a monarch or regent. The monarch is expected to execute his duties and responsibilities for the good of the nation. The monarch must therefore swear to uphold the constitution and execute the office faithfully. The monarch must be sworn in as soon as possible after assuming the throne during a joint session of the States-General held in Amsterdam . Article 32 of

1292-626: The Netherlands . The once-sovereign provinces of the Spanish Netherlands were intermittently ruled by members of the House of Orange-Nassau from 1559, when Philip II of Spain appointed William the Silent (William of Orange) as a stadtholder , until 1795, when the last stadtholder, William V, Prince of Orange , fled the country. William the Silent became the leader of the Dutch Revolt and of

1360-623: The Netherlands . It was established in 1913 to preserve documents and findings as well as publishing an international statistical yearbook periodically. The ISI does not disclose its membership fees until an applicant has created an account. The ISI is built upon statutes that aim at establishing strong statistical relationships between countries through research, publications, and teachings by professional statisticians. The ISI contains seven associations that each have their own form of government, specified journals, and tasks. Each association works individually, but also closely together to further obtain

1428-746: The Air Base was used mainly as a VIP airport for politicians and the royal family . In 1982 it was decided to close the Air Base, but it was not until 1992 that it was abandoned by the Royal Netherlands Air Force . In 1997 the new residential area was constructed on the site of the airport. Initially, Leidschenveen belonged to the municipality Leidschendam , whereas Ypenburg fell under Nootdorp and Rijswijk . These parts were merged and annexed by The Hague municipality in 2002. 52°03′11″N 4°23′38″E  /  52.05306°N 4.39389°E  / 52.05306; 4.39389 Monarchy of

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1496-545: The American State of the Union . Lawmaking is the area in which the monarch has the most frequent involvement with the States-General (although he still has very little to do with it in practice). Laws in the Netherlands are primarily proposed by the government "by or on behalf of" the monarch (this phrase is repeated often in the constitution). Technically, this means that the monarch may propose laws in person, hearkening back to

1564-508: The Dutch constitution describes a swearing-in in "the capital Amsterdam", which incidentally is the only phrase in the constitution that names Amsterdam as the capital of the Kingdom. The ceremony is called the inauguration ( inhuldiging ). The Dutch monarch is not crowned—although the crown, orb, and sceptre are present at the ceremony—the monarch's swearing of the oath constitutes acceptance of

1632-739: The ISI's goals. The institute has also collaborated with the United Nations Statistical Commission over the years on numerous topics, as they have shared interests in the statistical community. These collaborations and overlaps have occurred most commonly over statistical ethics to be used worldwide, as well as having members be a part of both organizations at some point in time. [1] ISI serves as an umbrella for seven specialized Associations: ISI Committees fall under one of three categories: operational, special interest, and outreach. Current Special Interest Groups are: ISI publishes

1700-520: The Karl Pearson Lecture. Peter McCullagh and John Nelder were the winners of the inaugural Karl Pearson Prize "for their monograph Generalized Linear Models (1983)". The organization has had thirty-eight presidents. The current president is Xuming He . Leidschenveen-Ypenburg Leidschenveen-Ypenburg ( Dutch pronunciation: [ˈlɛitsə(ɱ)ˌveːn ˈipə(m)ˌbʏr(ə)x] ) is a Vinex-location and district of The Hague , located in

1768-544: The Netherlands The monarchy of the Netherlands is governed by the country's constitution , roughly a third of which explains the mechanics of succession, accession, and abdication; the roles and duties of the monarch; the formalities of communication between the States General of the Netherlands ; and the monarch's role in creating laws. The monarch is the head of state and the de jure head of government of

1836-475: The Netherlands as well as a Prince or Princess of Orange-Nassau. After their death, legally the deceased monarch (abdicated or not) has no titles. However, after death, the abdicated monarch is traditionally referred to as king or queen again. For example, Queen Juliana became queen on 4 September 1948 and princess again on 30 April 1980 following her abdication, but has been referred to as Queen Juliana since her death on 20 March 2004. There are two ways in which

1904-450: The Netherlands that serves two purposes. First, it is an advisory council to the government which advises on the desirability, practicability and constitutionality of new proposals of law. Second, it is the Supreme court for the Netherlands in matters of administrative law . The position of the monarch as constitutional head of this Council means two things for the constitutional position of

1972-421: The States-General on policy matters due to ministerial responsibility). Constitutionally, the monarch deals with the States-General in three areas: lawmaking, policy outlining at the opening of the parliamentary year and dissolution. Of the three, policy outlining is the most straightforward. The parliamentary year is opened on the third Tuesday of September with a joint session of both houses. At this occasion

2040-511: The abdication of his mother Queen Beatrix , Willem-Alexander has been King of the Netherlands since 30 April 2013. The monarchy of the Netherlands passes by right of succession to the heirs of William I (see House of Orange-Nassau ). The heir is determined through two mechanisms: absolute cognatic primogeniture and proximity of blood . The Netherlands established absolute cognatic primogeniture instead of male-preference primogeniture by law in 1983. Proximity of blood limits accession to

2108-465: The airfield. The Netherlands eventually surrendered to Germany however, and the Luftwaffe made no use of the airfield during the remainder of the war. Very little remains of the airport today, the former air traffic control tower being a notable exception. After the war the field remained a civilian airport until 1955, when it was turned into an Air Base. After 1968, operations decreased significantly;

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2176-472: The appointment of his ministers. Ministers are appointed by royal decree, which has to be countersigned by the responsible minister. The royal decree to appoint a minister, however, is countersigned by two responsible ministers rather than one: the outgoing minister responsible for the ministry and the Prime Minister . Though the powers of the monarch of the Netherlands are limited, he or she does not have

2244-438: The appointments that the monarch makes. These discussions usually turn (to varying degrees) on the argument that a decision by a monarch is undemocratic and there is no parliamentary oversight over the decision and the monarch might make use of this to push for a government of his or her liking. On the other hand, it is somewhat questionable that the monarch really has much opportunity here to exert any influence. The informateur

2312-417: The budget to force the resignation of the government). Even though the monarch never speaks with members of the States-General formally, it was tradition until 1999 that the queen would invite the members of parliament a few times a year for informal talks about the general state of affairs in the country. These conversations were held in the strictest confidence due to ministerial responsibility. The tradition

2380-459: The case of the monarch ceding royal authority, the required act is a law. In case of removal, it is a declaration by the States-General. Formally, both require the normal procedure for passing a new law in the Netherlands. The former case is signed into law by the monarch himself, the latter is not, so technically it is not a law (this is allowed explicitly in the Constitution since the monarch who

2448-404: The constitution and is automatically a constitutional crisis . The second paragraph of the article, though, is what really renders the monarch powerless. This paragraph states that the monarch is inviolable. He is beyond any reproach, beyond the grasp of any prosecution (criminal or otherwise) for any acts committed or actions taken as monarch. If anything goes wrong, the minister responsible for

2516-412: The constitution mentions neither possibility explicitly, it does describe what happens after the monarch dies or abdicates. Abdication is a prerogative of the monarch, but it is also irreversible as the person abdicating cannot return to the throne, nor can a child born to a former monarch after an abdication has occurred have a claim to the throne. The abdicated monarch is legally a Prince or Princess of

2584-404: The days of the first monarchs of the Netherlands when monarchs really could and did control this. However, this possibility is at odds with ministerial responsibility and modern monarchs have always avoided the issue by never proposing laws personally. The monarch must still sign proposals into law though, as historical deference to the fact that the law of the land is decreed by the monarch. While

2652-422: The death of the reigning monarch, even by the monarch himself (in case it is clear that the monarch will die without leaving an heir). Second, some people are excluded from the line of succession. They are: Princess Beatrix * Princess Margriet * Professor Pieter van Vollenhoven * As with most monarchies, the Netherlands cannot be without a monarch – the constitution of the Netherlands does not recognise

2720-405: The details of certain laws. Royal decrees create ministries , dissolve the houses of the States-General, and appoint & fire ministers. However, royal decrees are made by the responsible minister. And while the monarch must sign laws and royal decrees before they come into effect, the constitution determines that the responsible ministers and state secretaries must countersign. That, given

2788-568: The district: Knooppunt Ypenburg and the Prins Clausplein. Until 1992 Ypenburg was a military airfield known as Ypenburg Airport . It was the site of the Battle for The Hague on 10 May 1940, at the beginning of World War II . German forces took over the airfield via an airborne landing, with the goal of apprehending Dutch government officials and the Queen. This failed however and Dutch forces recaptured

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2856-517: The fact that the ministers have the authority, really means that they decide and it is the monarch who countersigns (the minister asks the monarch for permission, that is, royal authority, and as an upholder of the Constitution, the monarch signs first; the minister is politically responsible for the Act and countersigns. This is an Act of the Crown: monarch and minister together). Even that is a formality. Also, while

2924-510: The following journals: The Karl Pearson Prize was commenced by the ISI in 2013 to acknowledge contributions, which must be a research article or book published within the last three decades, on statistical theory, methodology, practice, or applications. The prize was named after English statistician Karl Pearson . It is bestowed biennially at the ISI World Statistics Congress. The winner of the prize receives 5,000 euros and gives

2992-480: The government "by or on behalf of the King". And while proposals of law must be approved by the States-General, a lot of the practical running of the country is done by royal decree (in Dutch: Koninklijk Besluit ). These royal decrees are used for all sorts of things, ranging from appointments of civil servants and military officers to clarifications of how public policy is to be executed to filling in

3060-602: The house in question and the formation of a new house within three months of dissolution. The constitution prescribes a number of cases in which one or more houses of the States are dissolved (particularly for changes to the constitution); this is always done by royal decree. In addition, traditionally a collapse of the government is followed by dissolution of the House of Representatives and general elections. Before World War II , before it became common to form new governments with each new parliament, it would happen from time to time that

3128-404: The independent Dutch Republic . Some of his descendants were later appointed as stadtholders by the provinces and, in 1747, the role of stadtholder became a hereditary position in all provinces of the thus " crowned " Dutch Republic. The Kingdom of the Netherlands (not to be confused with the constituent country of the Netherlands ) has been an hereditary monarchy since 16 March 1815. Following

3196-513: The installation ceremony of ministers – the only duty still left to the monarch – was held in public for the first time in history. The one branch of government over which the monarch has no control is the legislative branch, formed by the States-General of the Netherlands . This parliamentary body consists of two chambers, the House of Representatives (also commonly referred to as Parliament ) and

3264-413: The king has no practical involvement anymore in lawmaking other than a signature at the end, one might get a different impression from reading the communications between the government and the States-General regarding such affairs. All communication from the States-General to the government is addressed to the monarch and correspondence in the opposite direction formally from the monarch (it is also signed by

3332-399: The leaders of the different parties in parliament, as well as other important figures (the speakers of the new parliament and the senate are among them). There is usually some popular discussion in the Netherlands around the time of these negotiations about whether the authority of the monarch in this matter should not be limited and whether or not the newly elected parliament should not make

3400-487: The monarch addresses the joint states in a speech in which he sets forth the outlines for his government's policies for the coming year (the speech itself is prepared by the ministers, their ministries and finally crafted and approved by the prime minister). This event is mandated by the constitution in Article 65. Tradition has made more of this occasion than a policy speech though, and the event known as Prinsjesdag has become

3468-431: The monarch but the constitution stipulates that custody and parental authority of the minor monarch will be determined by law; any person might be appointed as regent, as legal guardian or both. There are also a number of special cases within the Constitution. First, if there is no heir when the monarch dies, the States-General may appoint a successor upon the suggestion of the government. This suggestion may be made before

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3536-441: The monarch is part of the government of the Netherlands . The role of the monarch within the government of the Netherlands is described in Article 42 of the constitution: 1. De regering wordt gevormd door de Koning en de ministers. 2. De Koning is onschendbaar; de ministers zijn verantwoordelijk. 1. The government consists of the King and the ministers. 2. The King is inviolable; the ministers are responsible. This article

3604-450: The monarch may technically propose laws ("by or on behalf of the King"), ministerial responsibility means that he never does. And even though the government may refuse to sign a States-General approved proposal into law, this is practically unheard of and the monarch refusing to sign on his own is even rarer (and would cause a constitutional crisis). There is one special case in which the monarch has, if possible, even less power than normal:

3672-410: The monarch to cede royal authority or be removed from it, both monarch and council are deemed to act responsibly and not leave the execution of the office vacant unnecessarily. Both cases are intended to deal with emergency situations such as physical or mental inability to execute the office of the monarch. In both cases, an act of the joint States-General is needed to strip the monarch of authority. In

3740-405: The monarch to resume his duties, a law (which is signed by the regent) must be passed to that effect. The monarch resumes the throne the moment the law of his return is made public. Although the monarch has roles and duties in all parts of the government and in several important places in the rest of society, the primary role of the monarch is within the executive branch of the Dutch government:

3808-445: The monarch within the government. There is no distinction, no dichotomy, no segregation or separation: the monarch and his ministers are the government and the government is one. This fact has practical consequences, in that it is not possible for the monarch and the ministers to be in disagreement. The government speaks with one voice and makes decisions as a united body. When the monarch acts in an executive capacity, he does so as

3876-467: The monarch, foreign ambassadors represent foreign heads of state to the monarch. It is the monarch that makes official state visits to foreign heads of state as representative of the Netherlands. He or She represents the monarch whose face is shown on Dutch stamps and Dutch euro coins . Constitutionally, the monarch is the head of the Dutch Council of State . The council is a constitutional body of

3944-434: The monarch, without a ministerial countersignature – such communication is not a decision or decree, so does not require a countersignature). The formal language still shows deference to the position of the monarch, with a refusal of the States-General to approve a proposal of law for example becoming "a request to the King to reconsider the proposal". The constitution prescribes a number of the forms used: A law, once passed,

4012-460: The monarch, without ceasing to be monarch, can be stripped of his or her royal authority: These cases are both temporary (even if the monarch dies while not executing his office it still counts as temporary) and are described in detail in the constitution. A monarch can temporarily cease to reign for any reason. This can be at his own request or because the Council of Ministers deems the monarch unfit for office. Although there can be any reason for

4080-465: The political arena (the deputy chairman of the Dutch Council of State is a common choice). Once a potential coalition has been identified the monarch technically has free rein in selecting a formateur. However, the formateur almost always becomes the next prime minister, and in any case, it is a strong convention that a government must command the support of a majority of the House of Representatives in order to stay in office. These considerations mean that

4148-402: The pregnancy ends in stillbirth, his or her reign is expunged (otherwise the existence of the stillborn king/queen would add a degree of separation for other family members to the throne and might suddenly exclude the next person in line for the throne). If the monarch is a minor, a regent is appointed and serves until the monarch comes of age. The regent is customarily the surviving parent of

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4216-524: The selected formateur is always the party leader of the largest party in the potential coalition. However, in March 2012 the States-General altered its own procedures, such that any subsequent government formation is done without the monarch's influence. No more than a month later, the government coalition collapsed, triggering early elections in September 2012 . As no formal procedures had been outlined as to how

4284-449: The source. The monarch has several functions in addition to the duties and responsibilities described in previous sections. Some of these are (partly) constitutional; others are more traditional in nature. The monarch is the head of state of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . As such, the monarch is the face of the kingdom toward the world: ambassadors of the Netherlands are emissaries of

4352-532: The southeast. It is geographically connected to the main body of the city by only a narrow corridor. It consists of four quarters: Hoornwijk and Ypenburg on the southwest of the A12 motorway and parallel railway to Utrecht , and Forepark and Leidschenveen on the northeast. Since 2005 the district has its own railway station, Den Haag Ypenburg , situated on the Gouda–Den Haag railway . Two highway nodes are located in

4420-433: The throne to a person who is related to the current monarch within three degrees of kinship. For example, the grandchildren of Princess Margriet of the Netherlands (sister of Princess Beatrix ) have no succession rights because their kinship with Beatrix when she was queen, was of the fourth degree (that is, Princess Beatrix is their parent's parent's parents' daughter). Succession is limited to legitimate heirs, precluding

4488-438: The throne. Also, note that this ceremony does not equal accession to the throne as this would imply a vacancy of the throne between monarchs which is not allowed. The monarch ascends immediately after the previous monarch ceases to reign. The swearing-in only constitutes acceptance in public. The monarch's reign can end in death or abdication. Both of these events cause the regular mechanisms of succession to go into effect. While

4556-413: The topic at hand is responsible for the failings of the monarch. This sounds like it makes the monarch an absolute tyrant, but in fact, the opposite is true: since the ministers are responsible, they also have the authority to make the decisions. The ministers set the course of the government and the country, and the ministers make executive decisions and run the affairs of the state. And since the government

4624-471: Was suspended in 1999 though, after repeated incidents in which MPs divulged the contents of the conversations, despite agreeing not to (and embarrassing the Prime Minister in doing so). In 2009, an attempt was made to resume the tradition, this failed however when Arend Jan Boekestijn disclosed to the press contents of a private conversation he had with the Queen . Boekestinjin resigned shortly after being exposed as

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