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55-555: International Consolidated Airlines Group S.A. , trading as International Airlines Group and usually shortened to IAG , is a British-Spanish multinational airline holding company with its registered office in Madrid , Spain, and its corporate headquarters in London , England. It was formed in January 2011 after a merger agreement between British Airways and Iberia , the flag carriers of

110-596: A Sociedad Anónima in Spain, where the company board meetings are held, and is domiciled in Spain for tax purposes. IAG has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and has been a FTSE 100 constituent since 24 January 2011. It has secondary listings on the Madrid , Barcelona, Bilbao and Valencia stock exchanges, and has been a constituent of the IBEX 35 index since 1 April 2011. In March 2015, Qatar Airways purchased

165-582: A 10% stake in International Airlines Group for €1.2 billion (US$ 1.26 billion). By early 2020, this had increased to 25% costing a further US$ 600 million. IAG's operational headquarters, which controls the management of both its British and Spanish subsidiaries, are at the Waterside building in Harmondsworth , Greater London. The structure of the main operating companies is: The key trends for

220-480: A 45.85% stake in Vueling, offered to buy the remaining 54.15% of the company with both Iberia and IAG owning both shares and not resulting in the company being wholly owned by IAG through 100% of shares. IAG, also the owner of British Airways , plans to use Vueling to help stem losses at Iberia. However, market trends (increased profits and improved figures from Vueling resulting in a higher share-price) had made IAG's offer

275-420: A DBA must be registered with a local or state government, or both, depending on the jurisdiction. For example, California, Texas and Virginia require a DBA to be registered with each county (or independent city in the case of Virginia) where the owner does business. Maryland and Colorado have DBAs registered with a state agency. Virginia also requires corporations and LLCs to file a copy of their registration with

330-467: A DBA statement, though names including the first and last name of the owner may be accepted. This also reduces the possibility of two local businesses operating under the same name, although some jurisdictions do not provide exclusivity for a name, or may allow more than one party to register the same name. Note, though, that this is not a substitute for filing a trademark application. A DBA filing carries no legal weight in establishing trademark rights. In

385-609: A bid of €1.36 billion for Aer Lingus . This was expected to be accepted, after the rejection of two prior bids. In May 2015, the Irish government agreed to sell its stake in Aer Lingus to IAG, as did the Aer Lingus board in late January 2015. The takeover became irreversible on 18 August 2015. In March 2017, it was announced that a new low cost longhaul airline named LEVEL was to start operating from Barcelona in June 2017. On 29 December 2017, it

440-516: A businessperson writes a trade name on a contract, invoice, or cheque, they must also add the legal name of the business. Numbered companies will very often operate as something other than their legal name, which is unrecognizable to the public. In Chile , a trade name is known as a nombre de fantasía ('fantasy' or 'fiction' name), and the legal name of business is called a razón social (social name). In Ireland , businesses are legally required to register business names where these differ from

495-407: A deal which would increase IAG's share of slots at Heathrow airport from 45% to 54%. On 22 December 2011, IAG agreed a binding deal with Lufthansa to acquire BMI for £172.5 million. On 30 March 2012, the purchase was approved, subject to the condition that the combined group divest itself of 12 daily slots and lease two daily slots at Heathrow airport. The acquisition was completed on 20 April 2012, and

550-682: A flight between Barcelona and Ibiza . The initial fleet consisted of two Airbus A320 aircraft, based in Barcelona serving Brussels , Ibiza , Palma de Mallorca and Paris-CDG . The name Vueling was formed by combining the Spanish word vuelo (flight) with the English gerund suffix -ing . Initially, major shareholders of Vueling were Apax Partners (40%), Inversiones Hemisferio ( Grupo Planeta ) (30%), Vueling's management team (23%) and V.A. Investor ( JetBlue Airways ) (7%). During its nascent stages,

605-547: A further 14 of the aircraft. In November 2019, IAG announced that it planned to acquire Air Europa from Globalia, for €1 billion. The deal, funded by external debt, and was expected to be completed in the second half of 2020, subject to regulatory approval. On 20 January 2021, IAG announced that it had renegotiated its deal to acquire Air Europa (via Iberia) for €500 million as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic . It also negotiated to delay payment to Globalia for 6 years. Completion of

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660-473: A number of countries, the phrase " trading as " (abbreviated to t/a ) is used to designate a trade name. In the United States , the phrase " doing business as " (abbreviated to DBA , dba , d.b.a. , or d/b/a ) is used, among others, such as assumed business name or fictitious business name . In Canada , " operating as " (abbreviated to o/a ) and " trading as " are used, although " doing business as "

715-493: A recession, and Walsh admitted that British Airways should perhaps have postponed the merger, saying, "If I'd known the Spanish economy was going to deteriorate to the scale that it did, we may have delayed the decision but ultimately I believe the merger is the right thing". From 2014 on, Iberia returned to profitability, showing Walsh's predictions had been justified. In February 2021, IAG said that it has lost about €7 billion due to

770-458: A registered legal name and a fictitious business name, or trade name, is important because fictitious business names do not always identify the entity that is legally responsible . Legal agreements (such as contracts ) are normally made using the registered legal name of the business. If a corporation fails to consistently adhere to such important legal formalities like using its registered legal name in contracts, it may be subject to piercing of

825-470: A significant undervaluation of the airline. Vueling had urged its shareholders to reject IAG's offer and its shareholders had until the 8th of April 2013 to decide upon the recommendation. On 27 March 2013, IAG improved its offer for Vueling, raising its offer per share from €7 to €9.25. Vueling shares quickly surged following the announcement, rising by 8.8% to €9.23 following a temporary suspension as BMAD waited on an official comment from Vueling regarding

880-454: Is also sometimes used. A company typically uses a trade name to conduct business using a simpler name rather than using their formal and often lengthier name. Trade names are also used when a preferred name cannot be registered, often because it may already be registered or is too similar to a name that is already registered. Using one or more fictitious business names does not create additional separate legal entities. The distinction between

935-687: Is called a razón social . Vueling Calum Laming (CXO), Michael Delehant (CSO), Vueling S.A. ( / ˈ v w ɛ . l ɪ ŋ / , VWE -ling ) is a Spanish, low-value , low-cost airline based at Viladecans in Greater Barcelona with hubs at Barcelona–El Prat Airport (main), Paris-Orly Airport in Paris , France , Amsterdam Schiphol Airport in Amsterdam , The Netherlands and Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport in Rome , Italy (secondary). It

990-576: Is the largest airline in Spain, measured by fleet size and number of destinations. As of 2021, Vueling serves 122 destinations in Africa , Asia , Europe and the Middle East , and carried more than 34 million passengers in 2019. Since 2013, it has been an operating company of International Airlines Group , the parent company of British Airways , Iberia and Aer Lingus . Vueling was established on 10 February 2004 and commenced operations on 1 July 2004 with

1045-459: The United Kingdom , there is no filing requirement for a "business name", defined as "any name under which someone carries on business" that, for a company or limited liability partnership, "is not its registered name", but there are requirements for disclosure of the owner's true name and some restrictions on the use of certain names. A minority of U.S. states, including Washington , still use

1100-744: The frequent-flyer programme , which was created from the merger of the Air Miles , BA Miles, and Iberia Plus Points schemes on 16 November 2011. Avios is the frequent flyer currency of Aer Lingus , British Airways , Finnair , Iberia , LEVEL , Qatar Airways and Vueling , and can also be used for travel within the oneworld alliance including the likes of American Airlines , Japan Airlines , Qantas , etc. A restructure in 2015 meant that all of IAG's affiliated loyalty programmes which use Avios, including Avios Travel Reward Programme, British Airways Executive Club, and Iberia Plus, were transferred to Avios Group, an IAG subsidiary. It

1155-497: The 737 MAX design is still being rectified. IAG CEO Willie Walsh , shrugged off the plane's uncertain future. "We're partnering with the Boeing brand", he said. "That's the brand that I'm doing business with. That's the brand that I’ve worked with for years. And it's a brand that I trust". At the 2019 Paris Air Show IAG also agreed to purchase 14 Airbus A321XLR aircraft, 8 for delivery to Iberia and 6 to Aer Lingus , with options for

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1210-607: The BMI fleet and routes were integrated into the British Airways schedule throughout 2012. Slaughter and May advised IAG on the BMI acquisition. On 8 November 2012, IAG made a cash tender offer to buy Vueling , a Spanish low-cost airline based in Barcelona. The offer was €7 per ordinary share of Vueling, with the total cost of acquisition anticipated to be €113m. It was funded from internal IAG resources. The reported total assets of Vueling as of 30 September 2012 were €805m and in

1265-516: The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, but it had €10.3 billion of liquid funds to get through the crisis. British Airways, Iberia, Aer Lingus, Vueling and LEVEL operate under their separate brand names. For details of the current aircraft operated by the group, see the fleet details for each of the main operating subsidiaries - Iberia , British Airways , Aer Lingus , and Vueling . The entire company serves around 200 destinations. IAG Loyalty operates Avios

1320-458: The COVID-19 pandemic, to a newly formed budget subsidiary within IAG failed. In August 2022, IAG converted a loan to Air Europa into a 20% shareholding. On February 23, 2023, IAG announced completion of a deal to purchase the remaining 80% of Air Europa for 400 million Euros. The European Commission, in January 2024, opened an in-depth investigation into proposed acquisition of Air Europa by IAG. Some of

1375-565: The IAG rewards programme. The company is listed on the London Stock Exchange and the Madrid Stock Exchange . It is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index and IBEX 35 Index. British Airways and Iberia signed a preliminary merger agreement in November 2009. In April 2010, British Airways and Iberia signed a full merger agreement, with an intended completion date of late 2010, subject to securing

1430-450: The International Airlines Group are shown below (as at year ending December 31): In 2012, it was reported that British Airways ' profits had been wiped out by Iberia 's losses, and that the Spanish airline was in a fight for its survival. By 2013, Iberia had lost a billion euros, requiring IAG CEO Willie Walsh to defend the IAG merger. After further losses, IAG's balance sheet was in deep deficit as Iberia fought low-cost competition and

1485-418: The U.S., trademark rights are acquired by use in commerce, but there can be substantial benefits to filing a trademark application. Sole proprietors are the most common users of DBAs. Sole proprietors are individual business owners who run their businesses themselves. Since most people in these circumstances use a business name other than their own name, it is often necessary for them to get DBAs. Generally,

1540-511: The United Kingdom and Spain respectively, when British Airways and Iberia became wholly owned subsidiaries of IAG. British Airways shareholders were given 55% of the shares in the new company. Since its creation, IAG has expanded its portfolio of operations and brands by purchasing other airlines – BMI (2011), Vueling (2012) and Aer Lingus (2015). The Group also owns the Level brand and Avios,

1595-562: The airline has continued to expand from its hub at Barcelona. On 6 November 2013, Vueling announced a new base with one aircraft in Brussels , with seven new destinations from May 2014, in addition to the four previous routes from Brussels. Also in November 2013, Vueling announced an expansion of its base at Rome-Fiumicino . From mid-2014, 8 aircraft would be based there, operating more than 30 routes. This expansion meant Rome-Fiumicino would become Vueling's secondary hub, after Barcelona. During

1650-438: The announcement of a new base in Amsterdam , also to open during April 2011. The Toulouse base opened on 23 April 2011, but has since closed. In January 2011, further expansion was announced with Vueling adding a further nine aircraft to its fleet, including Airbus A319 aircraft. Six Airbus A320s were delivered between April and June 2011, whilst the remaining two A320s were delivered by the end of 2011. On 21 March 2012, it

1705-470: The board in September 2007. The airline then embarked on a restructuring exercise and posted its first profit in mid-2009. In June 2008, Vueling and rival Spanish low-cost airline Clickair announced their intention to merge. The merger was designed to create a carrier better able to compete in the competitive Spanish airline market and mitigate high fuel costs with Iberia as the main industrial partner. While

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1760-450: The carrier in June of that year, followed by two profit warnings issued in August and October. Two company directors and the chairman resigned shortly before the second profit warning, citing differences over commercial strategy. Shares in the company were also temporarily suspended. This led to Barbara Cassani , former Chief Executive of UK low-cost airline Go , joining Vueling as chairman of

1815-495: The company's general manager was Lázaro Ros, while Carlos Muñoz was CEO. In November 2007, Vueling appointed managing director of Spanair Lars Nygaard as CEO to replace Carlos Muñoz, who remained a member of the board of directors. Madrid was added as the airline's second base in 2005, followed by its first base outside Spain at Paris CDG in 2007. Seville followed in December 2009. In 2007 Apax Partners sold its then-21% stake in

1870-484: The corporate veil . In English , trade names are generally treated as proper nouns . In Argentina , a trade name is known as a nombre de fantasía ('fantasy' or 'fiction' name), and the legal name of business is called a razón social (social name). In Brazil , a trade name is known as a nome fantasia ('fantasy' or 'fiction' name), and the legal name of business is called razão social (social name). In some Canadian jurisdictions , such as Ontario , when

1925-522: The county or city to be registered with the State Corporation Commission. DBA statements are often used in conjunction with a franchise . The franchisee will have a legal name under which it may sue and be sued, but will conduct business under the franchiser's brand name (which the public would recognize). A typical real-world example can be found in a well-known pricing mistake case, Donovan v. RRL Corp. , 26 Cal. 4th 261 (2001), where

1980-533: The deal was expected to take place in the second half of 2021 with the acquisition subject to approval by the European Commission. In September 2021, IAG announced that British Airways would terminate its major short- and medium-haul base operations at Gatwick Airport with immediate effect resulting in the cancellation of more than 30 routes. This came after labour negotiations regarding the handover of these operations, most of which were still suspended due to

2035-493: The end of 2009. In the summer season of 2010, EC-KDG had again been re-painted into an MTV livery, and in 2011 it was re-painted into a livery based on the DJ and producer David Guetta ; the livery has since been removed and co-operation with MTV has since ended. In November 2010, Vueling announced a new base at Toulouse Airport in France from April 2011, followed in December 2010 by

2090-642: The first weekend of July 2016, Vueling had many delays and cancellations, which resulted in an investigation by the Spanish authorities. During the same month, Vueling cancelled all its flights to Sheremetyevo International Airport , Vilnius Airport and Rabat–Salé Airport . Clients were able to get a refund or fly to the nearest airport where Vueling flew. In October 2016, Vueling shut down their bases in Brussels, Catania and Palermo as part of restructuring measures. In March 2017, Vueling canceled its route from Barcelona to Frankfurt Airport . On 29 December 2017, it

2145-511: The group, however by early 2019 IAG had fully disposed of its stake in Norwegian. In June 2019, IAG signed a letter of intent to purchase 200 Boeing 737 MAX aircraft even though at the time of the signing the 737 MAX was still grounded worldwide following the two fatal crashes likely caused by the design of the MCAS system. Aviation analysts have questioned IAG's leadership in making such an order when

2200-402: The law is to protect the public from fraud, by compelling the business owner to first file or register his fictitious business name with the county clerk, and then making a further public record of it by publishing it in a newspaper. Several other states, such as Illinois , require print notices as well. In Uruguay , a trade name is known as a nombre fantasía , and the legal name of business

2255-551: The markets competition concerns were: 1) Spanish domestic routes, including those between peninsular Spain and the Balearic and Canary Islands; 2) Short haul routes between Madrid and some of the main EEA, plus routes between Madrid and Israel, Morocco, the UK and Switzerland; and 3) Long haul routes between Madrid and North and South America. The deal was scrapped in August 2024. IAG is incorporated as

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2310-634: The merger. On 15 July 2009 the merger of Vueling and Clickair was completed. The new merged airline operates under the Vueling brand, with Clickair flights and aircraft re-branded under the Vueling name. It became the second largest Spanish carrier flying 8.2 million passengers in 2009, to almost 50 destinations. In 2009, Vueling for the second year running co-operated with MTV during the summer season. Two of Vueling's A320 aircraft (EC-KDG and EC-KDH ) were re-painted into MTV liveries with some MTV styling on-board too. The designs of both liveries were created by Custo Dalmau and both liveries were removed at

2365-461: The named defendant, RRL Corporation, was a Lexus car dealership doing business as " Lexus of Westminster ", but remaining a separate legal entity from Lexus, a division of Toyota Motor Sales, USA, Inc. . In California , filing a DBA statement also requires that a notice of the fictitious name be published in local newspapers for some set period of time to inform the public of the owner's intent to operate under an assumed name . The intention of

2420-617: The necessary regulatory approvals. The merger between British Airways and Iberia was completed on 21 January 2011, and shares in the new holding company IAG began trading in London and Madrid on 24 January. On 6 October 2011, IAG created Iberia Express , a new low-cost airline to operate short- and medium-haul routes from IAG's Madrid hub and provide transfer feed onto Iberia's longhaul network. Iberia Express began operations on 25 March 2012. On 4 November 2011, IAG agreed in principle to acquire British Midland International (BMI) from Lufthansa , in

2475-401: The new company would trade under the Vueling name, Clickair's Alex Cruz was named as chief executive. The deal was subject to scrutiny and approval by European competition regulators, who were concerned that the merged airline would have a significant competitive advantage on around 19 routes. The regulators demanded the release of slots at Barcelona and other European airports as a condition of

2530-442: The nine months to 30 September 2012 it had generated profits before tax of €59m. An increased offer of €9.25 was accepted by the Vueling board on 9 April 2013, and received majority shareholder approval on 23 April 2013. IAG took control of Vueling on 26 April 2013. In December 2012, IAG completed the merger of the cargo operations of British Airways, BMI and Iberia into a single business unit, IAG Cargo . In January 2015, IAG made

2585-836: The recently purchased 44.66% stake by IAG merged with Iberia's existing 45.85% stake to form a 90.51% shareholding. Vueling remains a standalone company now within the IAG, and its management structure is unchanged; however, Vueling's CEO reports directly to IAG CEO Willie Walsh. Vueling's frequent flyer programme is Vueling Club, which allows members to earn and redeem Avios for award flights or fare discounts on Vueling and IAG airlines Aer Lingus , British Airways , Iberia , and Level , and for award travel on Oneworld airline alliance partners. Vueling Club replaced Vueling's original programme, Punto (Spanish for point ), on 27 October 2017, after being announced prior in August 2017. Punto allowed account holders to earn and redeem points for Vueling flights. Vueling has codeshare agreements with

2640-454: The surname(s) of the sole trader or partners, or the legal name of a company. The Companies Registration Office publishes a searchable register of such business names. In Japan , the word yagō ( 屋号 ) is used. In Colonial Nigeria , certain tribes had members that used a variety of trading names to conduct business with the Europeans. Two examples were King Perekule VII of Bonny , who

2695-469: The term trade name to refer to "doing business as" (DBA) names. In most U.S. states now, however, DBAs are officially referred to using other terms. Almost half of the states, including New York and Oregon , use the terms assumed business name or assumed name ; nearly as many, including Pennsylvania , use the term fictitious name . For consumer protection purposes, many U.S. jurisdictions require businesses operating with fictitious names to file

2750-497: The updated offer. The acceptance period was also increased by 48 calendar days. On 9 April 2013, the board of Vueling unanimously recommended shareholders accept an improved offer of €9.25 per share from IAG. IAG CEO Willie Walsh confirmed that the board had recommended the new offer; however, Walsh also stated that Vueling would not be merged with Iberia, saying, "Vueling will operate as a stand-alone entity in IAG group." On 23 April 2013, IAG acquired control of Vueling, which saw

2805-620: Was announced by CEO Alex Cruz that Rome would be added as a new base. The base launched on 25 March 2012 with one aircraft based there: the airline has since expanded at Rome with numerous new destinations. On 5 December 2012, Vueling announced the opening of a new base of operations in Florence : the carrier is to base one aircraft there and serve four new European destinations. Ten months later, on 25 October 2013, Vueling launched Florence -Catania, its first domestic route in Italy. Since November 2013,

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2860-508: Was announced in July 2018, that Avios.com would close to British Airways Executive Club members, with all points automatically transferred to British Airways. Qatar Airways, the largest shareholder of IAG, switched to Avios as its frequent flyer currency in March 2022. Fellow oneworld alliance member Finnair also adopted Avios as its currency for Finnair Plus in March 2024. Trade name In

2915-467: Was announced that IAG bought major parts of defunct Austrian leisure airline Niki including 15 Airbus A321 aircraft and traffic rights in Düsseldorf , Munich , Vienna , Zürich and Palma de Mallorca . It is planned to establish a new Austrian subsidiary of Vueling as a replacement for Niki. In April 2018, it was reported that IAG was considering a takeover of Norwegian , a low-budget competitor to

2970-744: Was announced that IAG would acquire Austrian airline Niki as a subsidiary for Vueling. However, Niki was later acquired by Niki Lauda , the owner of Laudamotion , with investment from Ryanair . A few months after losing the bid for Niki, IAG instead established Anisec Luftfahrt as a subsidiary of Vueling, operating as LEVEL , using four former Niki aircraft that had not been purchased by rival Lufthansa (and leased to Lauda ). In 2020, Vueling announced new routes linking Paris, France to Dubrovnik, Croatia and Seville, Spain to Marrakech, Morocco . The key trends for Vueling are shown below (as at year ending 31 December): In November 2012, International Airlines Group , whose subsidiary Iberia held

3025-545: Was known as Captain Pepple in trade matters, and King Jubo Jubogha of Opobo , who bore the pseudonym Captain Jaja . Both Pepple and Jaja would bequeath their trade names to their royal descendants as official surnames upon their deaths. In Singapore , there is no filing requirement for a "trading as" name, but there are requirements for disclosure of the underlying business or company's registered name and unique entity number. In

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