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66-740: Known for its futuristic and high-tech architecture , it was designed by the Australian architect John Andrews and built by Gilbane Building Company to be the U.S. headquarters of the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (Intelsat). It building was designated as a landmark in the DC Inventory of Historic Sites by the Historic Preservation Review Board in April 2019. Since 2019,

132-541: A high school diploma no longer guaranteed admission into UDC's flagship programs. In late 2012, the university reported that its average expenses of "$ 35,152 (~$ 46,126 in 2023) per full-time student] are 66 percent higher than expenses for comparable schools." To cut costs, UDC underwent a reorganization and eliminated several degree programs. In 2012 and 2013, the university eliminated 97 full-time equivalent positions including abolished positions, executive appointments, and vacant funded positions. In late December 2012,

198-475: A $ 7.24 million endowment (USD), in lieu of a land grant. The Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools (MACS) initially accredited the Washington Technical Institute in 1971 and Federal City College in 1974. Efforts to unify the D.C. Teachers College, Federal City College, and Washington Technical Institute under a single administrative structure began in earnest after the passage of

264-505: A belief in a "spirit of the age" that should be incorporated and applied throughout each building. The influence of Le Corbusier , Walter Gropius , and Mies van de Rohe is extensive throughout many of the principles and designs of high-tech architecture. Some of the earliest practitioners of high-tech architecture included the British architecture group Archigram , whose members frequently designed advanced futuristic buildings and cities. On

330-695: A collegial relationship with the University of Nairobi for several years, including faculty exchange and doctoral student sponsoring. UDC is ranked #148 of 178 schools among Regional Universities North by U.S. News & World Report in its 2024 rankings. The flagship campus of UDC, known as the Van Ness campus, is in the North Cleveland Park neighborhood at Connecticut Avenue and Van Ness Street in Northwest Washington, D.C. It lends its name to

396-517: A feeling of openness, honesty, and transparency. Early high-tech buildings were referred to by historian Reyner Banham as "serviced sheds" due to their exposure of mechanical services in addition to the structure. Most of these early examples used exposed structural steel as their material of choice. As hollow structural sections , (developed by Stewarts and Lloyds and known in the UK as Rectangular Hollow Section (RHS)) had only become widely available in

462-480: A five-acre, raised public plaza, completely devoid of cars, so pedestrians could walk freely through the complex. Additionally, the World Trade Center had led to the construction of a brand new PATH station, serving the rail commuters coming from New Jersey into New York. This approach to building, with the architect having just as much responsibility to the city surrounding their building as the building itself,

528-448: A lesser extent concrete (the technology for which had developed earlier), as these materials were becoming more advanced and available in a wider variety of forms at the time the style was developing – generally, advancements in a trend towards lightness of weight. High-tech architecture focuses on creating adaptable buildings through choice of materials, internal structural elements , and programmatic design. It seeks to avoid links to

594-614: A member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and competes at the Division II level as a member of the East Coast Conference (ECC). The university currently fields ten varsity sports, five men's sports: basketball , cross country , soccer , tennis , lacrosse ; and six women's sports: basketball , cross country, tennis, indoor and outdoor track & field, and volleyball . In 2012,

660-481: A potential landmark of Modern architecture , but a 2011 architectural-historical review of the area as part of the University of the District of Columbia 's student center construction planning found that Intelsat was not old enough for landmark status and was a "visual shock" to the neighborhood, given its arguably inappropriate design and sitting for an urban area. The review did indicate that this opinion could change as

726-436: A sense of factory creation and broad distribution. Tensile structures, cross beams, and exposed support and maintenance elements are all important components found in high-tech designs. A focus on strong, simplistic, and transparent elements all connect high-tech as a style to the principles of engineering. The engineer Anthony Hunt was hugely influential in both the design, choice of materials, and ultimate expression of many of

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792-487: A series of ideals that its practitioners felt were reflective of the "spirit of the age". Concerns over adaptability, sustainability, and the changing industrial world drove a shift in the way that many architects around the world approached the challenge of designing buildings. Norman Foster's HSBC Building was specifically designed to be built over a public plaza, so as not to take up more land in space-conscious Hong Kong. Minoru Yamasaki's World Trade Center had centered around

858-792: A variety of practical, nonacademic educational programs and training. The university is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education. UDC spends $ 35,152 per full-time student. IPEDs reports UDC's full-time student graduation to be 15%; although UDC graduates more District resident students than any college or university in the District of Columbia. The university relaunched doctoral programs in 2019 with PhDs in Computer Science & Engineering and Urban Leadership & Entrepreneurship. UDC also has an accredited law school ( UDC David A. Clarke School of Law ). There are presently six historically black colleges and universities in

924-527: Is a key concept of high-tech architecture, though this technique may also be applied to generate an aesthetic of dynamic light and shadow across the facade of a building. Color also plays an important role in the decoration of high-tech buildings, as various colors can be used to represent different service elements or to give the building the appearance of a set of architectural diagrams. As of 2016, recent Structural Impressionism has two major trends: braced systems and diagrid systems. Both structural systems have

990-526: Is a type of late modernist architecture that emerged in the 1970s, incorporating elements of high tech industry and technology into building design. High-tech architecture grew from the modernist style, utilizing new advances in technology and building materials . It emphasizes transparency in design and construction, seeking to communicate the underlying structure and function of a building throughout its interior and exterior . High-tech architecture makes extensive use of aluminium , steel , glass , and to

1056-584: Is also eligible under the National Register Criterion A for history. The building was also nominated under the District of Columbia Criterion D and the National Register Criterion C for its architecture. In addition to that, it was nominated under DC Criterion F as the work of a master architect. John Andrews' work has been recognized internationally and has had other buildings designated as historic sites. High-tech architecture High-tech architecture , also known as structural expressionism ,

1122-486: Is an important component of high-tech buildings. The HSBC Building in Hong Kong, designed by Norman Foster, is another excellent example of a high-tech building designed to be changed over time according to the needs of its users. Its use of suspended floor panels and the design of its social spaces as individual towers both place emphasis on the new approach to creating and servicing an office building. The high-tech style

1188-603: Is an operating element within the Office of Public Safety & Emergency Management (OPSEM). The UDCPD is tasked with providing full service policing for all UDC assets and stakeholders in Washington DC, Maryland and Virginia - 24 hours a day, 7 days a week 365 days a year. The department consists of commissioned Police Officers and non-sworn support staff. UDCPD officers have full authority to investigate crimes, respond to calls for service and effect arrests on any UDC property. OPSEM and

1254-429: Is heavily valued, high-tech designs strive to evoke an ever dynamic sense of movement and change. Adaptability, flexibility, and openness are all key aims of the high-tech style. To obviously and creatively display the functional nature of service elements and to clearly communicate the changeable nature of the spaces created inside them are important goals of the vast majority of high-tech buildings. University of

1320-510: Is often interpreted as glorifying technology and emphasizing the functional purpose of each element of the building. These designs incorporate elements that obviously display the technical nature of the components within them, creating a sense of honest, open transparency. The Centre Pompidou in Paris, by Renzo Piano and Richard Rogers, exemplifies the technicality and focus on the exposure of service elements. The externalization of functional components

1386-551: The District of Columbia Home Rule Act . A merger of the institutions was approved in 1975, and on August 1, 1977, the three institutions were formally consolidated as the University of the District of Columbia, with Lisle C. Carter named its first president. The Council of the District of Columbia later passed legislation merging the District of Columbia School of Law with the University of the District of Columbia in 1996. Beginning with

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1452-595: The Franklin School were retired. Mt. Vernon Square was selected as the site for Federal City College in 1968, and in 1973 FCC took control of the Carnegie Library , closed in 1970 in anticipation of the D.C. Public Library 's move to the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Library . Funding for the campus did not materialize until 1978, however. Facing declining enrollment and lack of funding, operations at

1518-557: The Normal School for Colored Girls against considerable racist opposition. On December 3, 1851, it started operations in a rented room about fourteen feet square, in a frame house then owned and occupied as a dwelling by African American Edward Younger. This was the first normal school in the District of Columbia and the fourth one in the United States. The school trained young black women to become teachers. Among its benefactors were

1584-506: The Society of Friends , Henry Ward Beecher , and his sister Harriet Beecher Stowe ; Stowe donated $ 1,000 from the sales of her book Uncle Tom's Cabin . Although Mayor Walter Lenox believed that education would make Blacks a "restless population" and local residents formed some mobs in opposition to the school, the school remained open until the Civil War began. Reopened after her death, by 1879

1650-555: The UDC Community College , College of Arts and Sciences, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Business and Public Administration, Colleges of Agriculture, Urban Sustainability & Environmental Sciences, and David A. Clarke School of Law . The university operates a flagship campus at Van Ness in the Northwest quadrant of the city with several branch campuses across Washington, DC. Other campuses and sites include

1716-536: The 2009–2010 academic year, UDC's programs were split into two separate institutions under an umbrella " university system "-style setup. A new Community College (UDC-CC) assumed UDC's associate's degree , certificate , continuing education , and workforce development programs, while the UDC Flagship campus continued with its bachelor's and graduate degree programs. While UDC-CC maintained an open enrollment policy for entry to its associate degree programs,

1782-524: The Board of Trustees approved a change in the university's executive administration and appointed Rachel Petty to serve as interim COO. During the spring of 2013 James E. Lyons Sr. was hired as an interim President to lead the institution through strategic planning. Since July 1, 2015, president Ronald Mason has led the resurgence of the university by implementing its Equity Imperative. UDC expanded its footprint through campus expansions and community extensions across

1848-633: The District of Columbia The University of the District of Columbia ( UDC ) is a public historically black land-grant university in Washington, D.C. It was established in 1851 and is the only public university in the city. UDC is a member school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund . The full university system offers workforce and certificate programs in addition to Associate, Baccalaureate, Master's, professional, and Doctoral degrees. The university's academic schools and programs include

1914-477: The District of Columbia is a public university receive funds from the D.C. government and from the U.S. federal government . Therefore students fees are lower than private universities in the area, with in-state tuition being around $ 6,000. DC residents fees are lower than students that live out of Washington D.C. In addition to its low cost, DC residents who apply to DC Futures Program can receive up to $ 8,000 In Scholarships. The UDC Police Department (UDCPD)

1980-693: The District of Columbia. In 2021, the university was ranked 59th in U.S. News & World Report annual list of Top Performers on Social Mobility for Regional Universities North. The university launched the District of Columbia's Institute of Politics Policy and History in 2019. In response to the George Floyd protests in 2020, the university launched the Institute for the Study and Elimination of White Supremacy UDC offers 81 undergraduate and graduate degree programs. The Workforce Development Program also offers

2046-647: The Lamond-Riggs Campus, Congress Heights Campus, aviation facilities (Hangar #2) at Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport and the UDC Firebird Farm Research Farm in Beltsville, Maryland . University of the District of Columbia was consolidated in August 1, 1977 with the merge of Teachers College, Federal City College, and Washington Technical Institute. Myrtilla Miner with six pupils founded

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2112-924: The Normal School for Colored Girls was then known as Miner Normal School . It joined the D.C. public education system. In 1873, Another institution for white girls was established in Washington D.C. in 1913 was named the Washington Normal School, and it was renamed the Wilson Normal School In 1929, the United States Congress made both schools Miner Normal School and James Ormond Wilson Normal School four-year teachers' colleges and designated Miner Teachers College for African Americans and Wilson Teachers College for white people. On July 1, 1955, following Brown v. Board of Education ,

2178-437: The United States housing Historically black law schools : Howard University , Texas Southern University , Southern University , Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University (FAMU), North Carolina Central University , and the University of the District of Columbia. The Felix Grant Jazz Archives are maintained by the University of the District of Columbia's Jazz Studies Program within the university library. The majority of

2244-439: The absolute expression of this principle. The Centre Pompidou, for example, has several elements that are built up or covered over due to concerns over fire safety and structural soundness. In many cases high-tech buildings exhibit compromises between radical honesty in design and considerations of safety in implementation. High-tech architecture balances art and engineering as its primary themes, and as such incurs trade-offs between

2310-500: The aesthetics of the two disciplines. High-tech architecture has generated some criticism for its forays into home building and design, an issue it shares in common with Modernism. Many of the houses designed by high-tech architects were never inhabited by anyone other than themselves or their close relatives. Many outside observers found the high-tech style's focus on industry and expression of services to be antithetical to comfort and home living. Norman Foster's housing at Milton Keynes

2376-449: The archives' holdings consist of about 45,000 LP albums, 10,000 CDs, reel-to-reel tapes, audio cassettes, 45s, and 78s which were donated to the university by Grant. Books, periodicals, photographs, and other paper materials complement the sound recordings. Among UDC's faculty are Paul Cooke, who taught English and directed several plays at the university for 22 years, including serving as president, and historian C.L.R. James who taught at

2442-576: The building aged further. And it did. In January 2017 the Intelsat Headquarters was nominated for historic designation by the DC Preservation League (DCPL). The INTELSAT Headquarters building was nominated under DC Criterion A for important historical events, because of its associated with telecommunication achievements. It also falls under Criterion B for history because it served as Intelsat's home. Due to its historical significance, it

2508-400: The building has housed the D.C. location of Whittle School & Studios , a private, for-profit "global school" that serves students ages 3–18. In July 2022, the school announced that the D.C. location will close. The International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (INTELSAT), founded in 1964 to ensure that satellite communications capabilities were equally available to all countries,

2574-573: The campus of the Washington Technical Institute, occupying buildings vacated by the National Bureau of Standards . Following the announcement of the UDC in 1975, work began on redeveloping the campus, with the construction of Buildings 32, 38, and 39 completed in 1976. Seven additional buildings opened in 1981 at the conclusion of a second phase of construction. The DCTC facilities at the old Wilson Teachers College building at 11th and Harvard Streets, NW and at

2640-441: The center of the building, the atria, and other public spaces. Intelsat was the initial occupant, but after its privatization in 1999 and its later mergers with PanAmSat , COMSAT and parts of Loral , its continued presence at the site has been uncertain. This is partially as it is looking for a smaller complex. The embassies of Cameroon , Honduras , and Monaco are currently housed in the building. Other occupants have included

2706-456: The downtown campus were wound down in the 1990s, and the facilities shuttered. "UDC" was removed from the name of the nearby Mount Vernon Square Metro Station in 2001. In January 2019, UDC leased property near its Van Ness campus as part of its project to improve its infrastructure. The University of the District of Columbia athletic teams are known as the UDC Firebirds. The university is

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2772-669: The earliest high-tech buildings in Britain, and as such many of these designs are suffused with a focus on the aesthetics of engineering and construction. Buildings built in the high-tech style often share a number of characteristic layout elements. These include an open floor plan, a large central area serviced by many smaller maintenance spaces, and repeated elements which either can be or appear to be able to be detached and replaced as needed. Spaces or elements dedicated to service and mechanical components like air conditioners, water processors, and electrical equipment are left exposed and visible to

2838-475: The early 1970s, high-tech architecture saw much experimentation with this material. The style's premier practitioners include the following: Sir Michael Hopkins , Bruce Graham , Fazlur Rahman Khan , Minoru Yamasaki , Sir Norman Foster , Sir Richard Rogers , Renzo Piano , and Santiago Calatrava . High-tech architecture was originally developed in Britain ( British High Tech architecture ), with many of its most famous early proponents being British. However,

2904-498: The embassies of Belize , Botswana , and Swaziland and WJLA Channel 7. Andrews said his design expressed "a spirit of openness, of optimism, of faith in cooperation between peoples and groups of people, and the use of modern technology." However, since its construction, reception has been mixed. Some consider it "a Connecticut Avenue landmark and a must-see for futurists touring the nation's capital" because of its unique high-tech design and energy efficiency. Early in its existence, it

2970-708: The form of service towers, later became a widespread feature of high-tech architecture. Other projects and designs that contained or inspired elements common across the high-tech style include the Archigram member Mike Webb's concept of bowellism , the Fun Palace by Cedric Price , and the Walking City by Ron Herron , also a member of Archigram. These theoretical designs, along with many others, were circulated widely in British and American architectural circles due to their examination by Reyner Banham. These conceptual plans laid out

3036-538: The ideas and elements that would later go on to be hugely influential in the works of prominent high-tech architects like Norman Foster and Nicholas Grimshaw . High-tech buildings often incorporate a range of materials reminiscent of industrial production. Steel, aluminium, glass, and concrete are all commonly found in high-tech structures, as these elements evoke a feeling of being mass-produced and widely available. Not all high-tech designs are made to accommodate truly mass-produced materials, but nonetheless seek to convey

3102-404: The large trees preserved by the site plan. INTELSAT's design, one of the first “green buildings” in Washington, D.C., became an important model for environmentally conscious and energy saving architecture. While the building is 917,000 square feet (85,200 m), only 546,000 sq ft (50,700 m) is usable office space, with the remainder being taken up by the lengthy corridor down

3168-505: The maintenance elements of a building can be understood and interpreted without issue, but the function of the interior space is difficult to guess. The Lloyd's building is an excellent example of this, wherein its service towers quite clearly communicate their function but the usage of the central atrium is difficult to determine from the exterior. While the goal of many high-tech buildings is to honestly and transparently communicate their form and function, practical considerations may prevent

3234-671: The most influential of these was Peter Cook's Plug-in City, a theoretical mega structure designed around the detach-ability and replacement of each of its individual units. The concept of removable and interchangeable elements of buildings would later become a widespread characteristic within the high-tech style. Less direct precursors included Buckminster Fuller and Frei Otto , whose focus on minimizing construction resources generated an emphasis on tensile structures, another important element in many high-tech designs. Louis Kahn's concept of "served" and "servant" spaces, particularly when implemented in

3300-436: The movement has roots in a number of earlier styles and draws inspiration from a number of architects from earlier periods. Many of the ideals communicated through high-tech architecture were derived from the early modernists of the 1920s . The concepts of transparency, honesty in materials, and a fascination with the aesthetics of industry can all be traced to modern architects. High-tech architecture, much like modernism, shares

3366-477: The nearby Van Ness–UDC Metrorail station. Primarily a commuter school , UDC opened its first residential accommodations or dormitories in August 2010 by leasing an apartment building across the street from its campus. UDC plans to open a new residence hall on its main campus by 2012 that could house as many as 300 students. Construction of a new $ 40 million (~$ 52.5 million in 2023) student center also began in 2012. The Van Ness Campus opened in 1968 as

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3432-655: The partnership included Accounting and Finance options in Business, Computer Engineering and Information Technology and Electronic Engineering and Communication Technology and graduate studies in Business Administration (MBA). The Maadi branch campus partnership ended in June 2014. All matriculating students will participate in a teach-out process. No degrees will be conferred after May 2016 to any currently enrolled students. The UDC's adult education department had

3498-458: The past, and as such eschews building materials commonly used in older styles of architecture. Common elements include hanging or overhanging floors, a lack of internal load-bearing walls , and reconfigurable spaces. Some buildings incorporate prominent, bright colors in an attempt to evoke the sense of a drawing or diagram. High-tech utilizes a focus on factory aesthetics and a large central space serviced by many smaller maintenance areas to evoke

3564-412: The pods are constructed of glass bricks and concrete. Unusual for the time, but in line with the nascent environmental aesthetic, the design incorporated energy efficiency such as the use of tinted-glass sunscreens and the open-air atria that admit sunlight while reflecting direct sun. Also, the complex incorporates interior and exterior water features for cooling and terraced roof gardens to complement

3630-491: The spaces within it should not necessarily be absolutely defined, but rather perform a range of desired functions. As such, a room in a high-tech building could be used as a factory floor, a storage room, or a financial trading center all with minimal re-distribution of structural elements. The external services of a high-tech building, in this understanding of the style, exist solely to make the central space habitable and do not define its function. This can lead to an effect wherein

3696-442: The structural support elements visible from the outside, unlike many postmodern architecture buildings where most structural elements are hidden in the interior. The braced systems have strong exterior columns connected by "heavy" cross bracing elements. The diagrid system consists of a lattice of "light" diagonal elements and horizontal rings forming triangles, without vertical columns. High-tech architecture attempts to embody

3762-447: The two schools merged into the District of Columbia Teachers College . U.S. Senator Wayne Morse of Oregon and Representative Ancher Nelsen of Minnesota sponsored the District of District of Columbia School Reform Act , it was enacted on November 7, 1966, as (Public Law 89-791), which established two additional institutions: $ 7.24 million (~$ 52 million in 2023) Both institutions were also given land-grant status and awarded

3828-519: The university announced plans for athletic expansion, with the addition of men's and women's lacrosse in 2014 and soon thereafter men's and women's swimming . UDC has several Greek-lettered organizations including all nine of the National Pan-Hellenic Council organizations. UDC publishes The Trilogy , a student-paper highlighting campus events and national and local news. The Flightpath yearbook focuses on graduating students and

3894-586: The university from 1972 to 1980 and whose work is a staple of subaltern studies and postcolonial literature. A 1996 academic partnership with the Modern Academy In Maadi (located in Maadi , a southern suburb of Cairo , Egypt) encourages the material, physical, and intellectual growth of students, faculty, and staff of both institutions through Cairo-based UDC Bachelor's degrees, Computer Science and Business Administration management programs. In July 2001,

3960-535: The viewer. Often these spaces are placed in large service towers external to the building, as in the Lloyd's building in London by Richard Rogers . The Lloyd's building also has offices designed to be changed and configured as needed by the shifting and removal of partitions – creating a flexible and adaptable interior environment that can be changed to meet the needs of the building's occupants. This theme of reconfigurable spaces

4026-530: The years' activities. UDC cable television , channel 19, is the District Government's non-commercial, adult education program service. UDC Cable TV 98 supports teaching, research and public service with educational-access television and instructional programming. Cable TV 98 operates an audio and video recording service center, electronic field and studio production and a video training center for Public-access television production. The University of

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4092-410: Was a key theme of many structures designed in the high-tech style. The appropriate utilization and distribution of space is often an integral component of high-tech theory, and as such these ideals are often found in concert with practical concerns over habitability and practicality of design. At the core of many high-tech buildings is the concept of the "omniplatz". This is the idea that a building and

4158-596: Was broken on the project on July 20, 1982, in a rather unusual manner. Using a network of four satellites and five earth stations, a signal was radioed around the world two times before it triggered a pre-set explosion at the building site. The complex was built in two phases: Phase I was completed in 1984, Phase II in 1988. Intelsat's director general and deputy embezzled $ 5 million during design and construction. The complex consists of 14 interconnected rectangular "pods" clustered in groups of four around taller glass and stainless steel atria. The circular stairwells external to

4224-597: Was initially headquartered in a cramped leased space at L’Enfant Plaza . The organization began seeking a new Washington, D.C., headquarters in 1977. Ultimately, they held a competition through the International Union of Architects to design a new energy-efficient building in which at least 70% of the office space had natural light and a view of the outside. The 1979 competition drew bids from nearly 100 firms from 23 countries. The design competition and contract were won by Australian architect John Andrews . Ground

4290-530: Was never particularly popular, and other high-tech designs were seen as uncomfortable or awkward to live in. High-tech architecture was most commonly employed in the construction of factories, corporate offices, or art galleries, all spaces that could effectively leverage the aesthetic of industry and find good use for the flexible spaces the style created. The application of technological themes throughout high-tech buildings intends to convey an ethos of science and progress. While transparency and honesty of materials

4356-495: Was noted as being a positive repudiation of architectural conservatism, however, its style was not duplicated and therefore it stands out from the surrounding city. Other critics also note that it does not interact well with the surrounding buildings and add that it can be difficult for visitors to find the entrance. As of 2005 it had been studied by the Historic Preservation Section of the D.C. Office of Planning as

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