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47-794: Inspections may be a visual inspection or involve sensing technologies such as ultrasonic testing , accomplished with a direct physical presence or remotely such as a remote visual inspection , and manually or automatically such as an automated optical inspection . Non-contact optical measurement and photogrammetry have become common NDT methods for inspection of manufactured components and design optimisation. A 2007 Scottish Government review of scrutiny of public services (the Crerar Review) defined inspection of public services as "... periodic, targeted scrutiny of specific services, to check whether they are meeting national and local performance standards, legislative and professional requirements, and

94-450: A caliper or micrometer to determine if a dimension of a manufactured part is within the dimensional tolerance specified in a drawing for that part, and is thus acceptable for use. Design for inspection (DFI) is a concept that should complement and work in collaboration with design for manufacturability (DFM) and design for assembly (DMA) to reduce product manufacturing cost and increase manufacturing practicality. Photogrammetry

141-518: A better picture of the typical state of the inspected object or process than an announced inspection. It also enhances external confidence in the inspection process. Quality related in-process inspection/verification is an essential part of quality control in manufacturing. characteristics of a product or process and comparing the results with specified requirements to determine whether is the requirements are met for each characteristic. Common examples of inspection by measurement or gauging include using

188-606: A defined test protocol. Visual inspection Visual inspection is a common method of quality control , data acquisition , and data analysis . Visual Inspection, used in maintenance of facilities, mean inspection of equipment and structures using either or all of raw human senses such as vision, hearing, touch and smell and/or any non-specialized inspection equipment. Inspections requiring Ultrasonic, X-Ray equipment, Infrared , etc. are not typically regarded as visual inspection as these Inspection methodologies require specialized equipment, training and certification. A study of

235-513: A factor of six in inspection speed led to variation of less than a factor of two in inspection accuracy. Visual inspection had a false positive rate of 2% and a false negative rate of 23%. To do an eyeball search is to look for something specific in a mass of code or data with one's own eyes , as opposed to using some sort of pattern matching software like grep or any other automated search tool. Also known as vgrep or ogrep , i.e., "visual/optical grep". See also vdiff . "Eyeballing"

282-496: A meat or poultry product, but a source of contamination was not identified; or a product is no longer available in commerce, but may be held or in use by consumers. The FSIS also acts as an investigation organization involved in food-related businesses if suspicions regarding consumer safety or criminal abuse arise. During an investigation, the FSIS will dispatch an investigator that will attempt to detect any criminal or violations regarding

329-529: A more scientific approach with a focus on the prevention and reduction of microbial pathogens on raw products that can cause illness. Underlining this decision, the FHIS issued the Hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) rule, which details a systematic approach to food safety from biological, chemical and physical hazards. It also illustrates the role of public and private sector with regards to food safety: While

376-433: A precision scale, or when in motion, a checkweigher . Stereo microscopes are often used for examining small products like circuit boards for product defects. Pipeline inspection is a crucial process in ensuring the integrity and safety of pipelines used in various industries such as oil and gas, fertilizer, process industries, food and beverages, water distribution, and transportation. This systematic examination involves

423-828: A product, process, service, or installation or their design and determination of its conformity with specific requirements or, on the basis of professional judgment, with general requirements". Non-destructive examination (NDE) or nondestructive testing (NDT) is a family of technologies used during inspection to analyze materials, components and products for either inherent defects (such as fractures or cracks), or service induced defects (damage from use). Some common methods are visual, industrial computed tomography scanning , microscopy , dye penetrant inspection , magnetic-particle inspection , X-ray or radiographic testing , ultrasonic testing , eddy-current testing , acoustic emission testing , and thermographic inspection . In addition, many non-destructive inspections can be performed by

470-463: A recall release to the media in the affected area, sends it to public health partners and stakeholders and posts it on the FSIS Web site. In certain situations where a recall is not warranted, but there is still a risk to public health, FSIS may issue a public health alert. PHAs have been issued when a product was not considered adulterated, but illnesses were involved; when illnesses were associated with

517-600: Is a large, independent agency that functions separately from the FDA and participates in business oversight. FSIS is under the direction of the Department of Agriculture while the FDA is under the direction of the Department of Health and Human Services . The two agencies share responsibilities on various topics concerning food safety, but have different methods of enforcement and supervision of food producers. For example, both FSIS and

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564-407: Is a modern way of visual inspection, delivering high accuracy and traceability for various industries. The portable 3D system is a versatile optical coordinate measuring machine (CMM) with a wide range of capabilities. Highly accurate point measurements can be taken with inspection carried out directly to CAD models, geometry or drawings.(DFI) Most fire equipment needs to be inspected to make sure in

611-431: Is not necessary. The FDA does not require that a food producer, in their jurisdiction, obtain pre-market approval of their label. FSIS takes a preemptive role in food labeling where the FDA takes a reactive role in food labeling. The FSIS also has authority in inspection and monitoring of food-related establishments, while the FDA has no jurisdiction regarding restaurants and food businesses. FSIS derives its authority from

658-706: Is safe, wholesome, and correctly labeled and packaged. The FSIS draws its authority from the Federal Meat Inspection Act of 1906 , the Poultry Products Inspection Act of 1957 and the Egg Products Inspection Act of 1970 . Food products under the jurisdiction of the FSIS, and thus subject to inspection, are those that contain more than 3% meat or 2% poultry products, with several exceptions, and egg products (liquid, frozen or dried). Shell eggs , meat and poultry products not under

705-723: Is the examination for purposes of evaluating a commercial or business property's condition often as a part of a due diligence investigation for a company to know what it is buying. Building code officials do a building inspection to determine code compliance in new or altered buildings before issuing a certificate of occupancy. Residential inspections not for code compliance are called a home inspection . There are numerous types of more specific real estate and infrastructure inspections such as windstorm inspection , energy audit , and pipeline video inspection . Software inspection , in software programming , refers to peer review of any work product by skilled individuals who look for bugs using

752-434: Is the most common and readily available method of initial data assessment. This method is effective for identifying patterns or anomalies in complex data but can be time-intensive and error-prone. Although low-cost and adaptable, its efficiency and ROI often fall short compared to automated tools, which offer greater scalability and consistency. However, switching from manual visual inspection to automated methods depends on

799-400: Is the thorough and unhurried visualization of a patient, this requires the use of the naked eye. An examination vessel is a craft used to inspect ships entering or leaving a port during wartime. The railroad's inspection locomotive were special types of steam locomotives designed to carry railroad officials on inspection tours of the railroad property. A property condition assessment

846-531: The Federal Meat Inspection Act of 1906 , the Poultry Products Inspection Act of 1957 , and the Egg Products Inspection Act of 1970. FSIS inspects meat and poultry products to ensure that there is no misbranded or adulterated products being put into the stream of commerce. FSIS accepts written requests to amend, issue, or repeal regulations that it administers. Recalls are voluntary actions by manufacturers, distributors or importers to protect

893-523: The Poultry Products Inspection Act was passed, ensuring, just like the FMIA did for meat products, that poultry products shipped in interstate commerce would be continuously inspected. Subsequent to continuous amendments to the existing regulations in the 1950s and 1960s, which tried to deal with concerns about the rising complexity in meat production, chemical contaminations and animal welfare, federal meat and poultry inspections were merged into one program. With

940-598: The Secretary of Agriculture to order meat inspections and condemn any found unfit for human consumption. The United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission is a regulatory body that inspects for weapons of mass destruction . The Scottish Commission for the Regulation of Care regulates and inspects care services in Scotland. A labour inspectorate is a government body that executes checks on compliance to

987-424: The labour law . It performs inspections on the workplace or building site. A vehicle inspection , e.g., an annual inspection , is a necessary inspection required on vehicles to conform with laws regarding safety, emissions, or both. It consists of an examination of a vehicle's components, usually done by a certified mechanic. Vehicles pass a pre-warranty inspection, if, and only if, a mechanic provide evidence for

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1034-446: The FDA have the authority to regulate food labeling. In March 2014, FSIS implemented a new regulatory requirement for labeling; 9 CFR Part 412. At times, FSIS requires a food producer to obtain pre-market approval of their intended label before the product is entered into the stream of commerce (for products under their jurisdiction. If product is covered by a standard of identity and meets the established standard, then pre-market approval

1081-482: The U.S. Bureau of Chemistry to inspect food products and refer offenders to the prosecution. It also constituted a major step towards the creation of the Food and Drug Administration. The Federal Meat Inspection Act (FMIA), which prohibited the sale of adulterated or misbranded meat and meat products and laid out that the slaughter of animals with the purpose of meat produce had to take place under certain sanitary conditions,

1128-527: The U.S. military adopting it in 1950s. The term is an allusion on military nomenclature, "Mark I" being the first version of a military vehicle or weapon. Food Safety Inspection Service The Food Safety and Inspection Service ( FSIS ), an agency of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), is the public health regulatory agency responsible for ensuring that United States ' commercial supply of meat , poultry , and egg products

1175-520: The USDA regulations. If evidence of consumer abuse or infractions regarding the USDA health regulations, the FSIS will close the business until the establishment has restored itself to the acceptable level for any USDA approved business. If major criminal activity or heavy violation of the USDA regulations is found, the FSIS has the authority to shut down the business to protect consumer safety and public health. In extreme cases, where egregious acts of disregard for

1222-601: The assessment of pipeline materials, structural integrity, corrosion levels, and potential defects using advanced technologies like ultrasonic testing, magnetic flux leakage, and visual inspections. Regular inspections help identify issues early, allowing for timely maintenance and reducing the risk of leaks or catastrophic failures, thus ensuring the efficient and safe operation of these vital infrastructure components. Inspection and technical assistance during turnarounds helps to decrease costly downtime as well as ensures restart of operations quickly and safely. A medical inspection

1269-463: The event of a fire, every effort has been taken to make sure it does not get out of control. Extinguishers are to be inspected every month by law and inspected by a servicing company at least once a year. Fire extinguishers can be heavy, so it's a good idea to practice picking up and holding an extinguisher to get an idea of the weight and feel. In international trade several destination countries require pre-shipment inspection . The importer instructs

1316-411: The food chain, from farmer through consumer, has a responsibility in keeping the food supply safe. Meat, poultry, and processed egg products can be contaminated with bacteria at any point during production, distribution, and consumption. FDA works closely with other federal agencies that have some role in the regulation of meat, poultry, and processed egg products along the farm-to-table continuum. FSIS

1363-442: The industry is accountable for producing safe food, the government is responsible for setting appropriate food safety standards, maintaining vigorous inspection oversight, and maintaining a strong regulatory enforcement program to deal with noncompliance. In more recent times, the FSIS built on the foundation of HACCP by intensifying efforts to combat food-borne pathogens, by for example testing for Listeria monocytogenes tightening

1410-432: The information available and makes a recommendation to the establishment whose product is in question, including the parameters of the recall. After a recall is issued, FSIS conducts effectiveness checks to ensure that the company’s customers (or consignees) have received notice of the recall and are making every effort to retrieve and destroy the recalled product or return it to the recalling firm. FSIS personnel verify that

1457-560: The inspection. Inspections are used for the purpose of determining if a body is complying with regulations. The inspector examines the criteria and talks with involved individuals. A report and evaluation follows such visits. In the United States, the Food Safety Inspection Service is charged with ensuring that all meat and egg products are safe to consume and accurately labeled. The Meat Inspection Act of 1906 authorized

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1504-1146: The jurisdiction of the FSIS are under the jurisdiction of the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The FSIS is led by the Under Secretary of Agriculture for Food Safety . More than 7,800 FSIS inspection program personnel are assigned to about 6,200 federal slaughter, food processing , and import establishments in the United States . They verify the processing of tens of billions of pounds of meat and poultry, and billions of pounds of egg products. At slaughter establishments, inspectors perform antemortem inspections to prevent slaughter of diseased animals. Then, postmortem examinations are performed to identify diseased carcasses not evident antemortem . Regulations for rapid chilling, adequate trimming, and sanitary washing are enforced to reduce microbial contamination. Samples are collected for residue testing to ensure antibiotic, pesticide and other residues are below regulatory limits. For cattle, tissue samples are tested for

1551-450: The needs of service users." A surprise inspection tends to have different results than an announced inspection. Leaders wanting to know how others in their organization perform can drop in without warning, to see directly what happens. If an inspection is made known in advance, it can give people a chance to cover up or to fix mistakes, which could lead to distorted and inaccurate findings. A surprise inspection, therefore, gives inspectors

1598-580: The passing of the Egg Products Inspections Act of 1970, the inspections of eggs and egg products was added to the USDA’s responsibilities. Today the FSIS is responsible for the inspection of pasteurized liquid, frozen, or dried egg products, while the FDA undertakes to ensure shell egg safety. Following the reorganization of the USDA’s agricultural research service, the Food Safety and Quality Service

1645-421: The post-World War 2 period, the invention and commercialization of the refrigerator led to a modernization of the meat industry. The Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 expanded the scope of USDA-inspections by allowing for the inspections of exotic and game animals as well as the inspection and certification of agricultural products. As the consumer demands for poultry products grew in the post-World War 2 period,

1692-578: The presence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy . In processing plants, procedures and formulations are monitored to ensure that FSIS requirements and standards of identity are met. Inspectors in egg plants primarily monitor pasteurization. In all plants, sanitation, net weight, and accurate labeling (including nutrition information) regulations are enforced. FSIS also is responsible for products presented for import inspection at ports and borders, from countries that FSIS has determined to have inspection systems equivalent to Federal inspection systems. Everyone in

1739-456: The proper working condition of the vehicle systems specified in the type of inspection. A mechanical inspection is usually undertaken to ensure the safety or reliability of structures or machinery. In Europe bodies involved in engineering inspection may be assessed by accreditation bodies according to ISO 17020 "General criteria for the operation of various types of bodies performing inspection". This standard defines inspection as "examination of

1786-484: The public by removing from commerce products that are adulterated or misbranded. The majority of recalls in recent years have been due to undeclared allergens on product labels. As soon as FSIS learns that a meat or poultry product under its jurisdiction may be unsafe or mislabeled is in commerce, the agency forms a team to determine whether a recall is needed. The Recall Committee is composed of FSIS representatives from various areas of expertise. The committee evaluates all

1833-416: The recalling firm has been diligent and successful in notifying and advising their consignees of the need to retrieve and control recalled product, and that the consignees have responded accordingly. FSIS has formal agreements with many state governments that allow those states to participate in effectiveness checks, thus improving the speed and effectiveness of recalls. When a product is recalled, FSIS issues

1880-422: The regulatory requirements has been extensively identified and documented, establishment owners and operators have been tried, convicted and jailed for their actions or lack thereof. The FSIS's parent organization, the U.S. Department of Agriculture was founded in 1862 by President Abraham Lincoln . Harvey W. Wiley, M.D , who was appointed to the position of chief chemist at the USDA in 1883 devoted his career to

1927-592: The shipper which inspection company should be used. The inspector makes pictures and a report to certify that the goods that are being shipped and produced are in accordance with the accompanying documents. Commodity inspection is other term that is used between buyers and sellers. The scope of work for commodity inspection depends to the buyers. Some buyers hire the inspection agencies only for pre-shipment inspections i.e. visual quality, quantity, packing, marking and loading inspections and some others request for higher level inspections and ask inspection agencies to attend in

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1974-537: The struggle against foodborne illnesses, by among other things campaigning for the Pure Food and Drug Act . It would however take effect until 1905, the technologically enabled rapid growth of the meat industry and the publication of The Jungle , which detailed the meat industry and its working conditions, for the act to pass. The Pure Food and Drug Act’s main purpose lay in the banning of foreign and interstate traffic of adulterated and mislabelled food and its direction of

2021-479: The task's complexity, scale, and the balance between upfront costs and long-term efficiency. Experts in pattern recognition maintain that the "eyeball" technique is still the most effective procedure for searching arbitrary, possibly unknown structures in data. In the military, applying this sort of search to real-world terrain is often referred to as "using the Mark I Eyeball " device (pronounced as Mark One Eyeball),

2068-402: The vendor shops and inspect commodities during manufacturing processes. Normally inspection is done based on an agreed inspection and test plan (ITP). In government and politics, an inspection is the act of a monitoring authority administering an official review of various criteria (such as documents , facilities, records, and any other assets) that are deemed by the authority to be related to

2115-414: The visual inspection of small integrated circuits found that the modal duration of eye fixations of trained inspectors was about 200 ms. The most accurate inspectors made the fewest eye fixations and were the fastest. When the same chip was judged more than once by an individual inspector the consistency of judgment was very high whereas the consistency between inspectors was somewhat less. Variation by

2162-430: Was created in 1977 to assume responsibility of meat and poultry grading as well as inspections. Only four years later it was reorganized and renamed to the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) under which the agency is still known today. The FSIS would undergo a major chance in philosophy, following a major outbreak of E. coli in 1993: It changed from relying largely on organoleptic (sight, touch & smell) controls to

2209-530: Was passed on the same day. The USDA's Bureau of Chemistry and its Bureau of Animal Industry (BAI) were assigned the tasks of enforcing the Pure Food and Drug Act and the FMIA, respectively. This meant that the BAI performed meat inspection services. The USDA’s Bureau of Chemistry, would later be reorganized and renamed Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which now belongs to the Department of Health and Human Services. In

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