Misplaced Pages

#699300

21-504: The office of Naidaijin predated the Taihō Code of 701. Fujiwara no Kamatari was the first person appointed to the post in 669. After the appointment of Fujiwara no Michitaka in 989, the office became permanently established, ranking just below that of Udaijin ("Right Minister") and Sadaijin ("Left Minister"). The office developed a different character in the Meiji period . In 1885,

42-664: The Code of Taihō in 702. At a time when the Emperor and the nobility held real power, the Daijō-daijin was the highest position in the Daijō-kan , the central organ of the state. However, it was stipulated by law that no one could be appointed to this position if there was no suitable candidate, and the highest permanent position in the Daijō-kan was that of Sadaijin . In the Nara period (710–794),

63-548: The Daijō-kan , such as Sadaijin , and Udaijin , also became honorary titles bestowed by the emperor on members of the warrior class. At the time of Oda Nobunaga 's appointment as Udaijin during the Azuchi-Momoyama period , the only members of the warrior class who had previously been appointed to imperial court posts higher than Udaijin were Taira no Kiyomori and Ashikaga Yoshimitsu as Daijō-daijin and Ashikaga Yoshinori and Ashikaga Yoshimasa as Sadaijin . Nobunaga

84-561: The Emperor Gaozong of Tang . The Taihō Code established two branches of government: the Department of Worship ( 神祇官 , Jingi-kan ) and the Department of State ( 太政官 , Daijō-kan ) . The Jingi-kan was the higher branch, taking precedence over the Daijō-kan and handled all spiritual, religious, or ritualistic matters. The Daijō-kan handled all secular and administrative matters. The Jingi-kan , or Department of Worship,

105-657: The Controllers and Ministers of the Left and Right. The country was divided into provinces called kuni (国), and the central government appointed administrative governors, kokushi (国司), divided into four levels (the Shitōkan ), kami , suke , jo and sakan to each province. The provinces were further divided into districts called gun (郡) or kōri , which were administered by locally appointed officials called gunji (郡司). These local officials were primarily responsible for keeping

126-621: The Privy Seal was identical with the old Naidaijin only in the sense of the Japanese title—not in terms of function or powers. The nature of the office further evolved in the Taishō and Shōwa periods. The title was abolished on November 24, 1945. Taih%C5%8D Code The Taihō Code or Code of Taihō ( 大宝律令 , Taihō-ritsuryō ) was an administrative reorganisation enacted in 703 in Japan , at

147-666: The Taihō Code was one of the first events to include Confucianism as a significant element in the Japanese code of ethics and government. The Code was revised during the Nara period to accommodate certain Japanese traditions and practical necessities of administration. The revised edition was named the Yōrō Code ( 養老律令 , Yōrō-ritsuryō ) . Major work on the Yōrō Code was completed in 718. The Taihō Code contained only two major departures from

168-699: The Tang model. First, government positions and class status were based on birth, as had always been the Japanese tradition, not merit , as was the Chinese way. Second, the Japanese rejected the Chinese concept of the " Mandate of Heaven ," asserting that the Emperor's power comes from his imperial descent, not from his righteousness or fairness as a ruler. This code is said to be based on the Code of Yonghui ( 永徽律令 ) implemented in China in 651 by

189-549: The edit of Nihon Shoki , and often received the reward from the Japanese emperor . Current understanding of the conditions which preceded the Taihō reforms remains replete with unanswerable questions, but there is much which can be inferred—for example: Any examinations of the earliest known texts become exercises in historiography —for example: Although essential as a starting point, any list of serial events will reveal only part of

210-531: The end of the Asuka period . It was historically one of the Ritsuryō -sei ( 律令制 , ritsuryō-sei ) . It was compiled at the direction of Prince Osakabe , Fujiwara no Fuhito and Awata no Mahito . The work was begun at the request of Emperor Monmu and, like many other developments in the country at the time, it was largely an adaptation of the governmental system of China 's Tang dynasty . The establishment of

231-454: The official government offices diminished in power. By the 10th century, Daijō-daijin had no power to speak of unless they were simultaneously Sesshō and Kampaku , or otherwise supported by the Fujiwara. Although the position continued in name until 1885, by the beginning of the 12th century, the office was essentially powerless, and was often vacant for lengthy periods. By the 10th century,

SECTION 10

#1732858129700

252-402: The peace, collecting taxes, recruiting labor for the corvée , and for keeping registers of population and land allotment. Within the districts' further subdivisions, local organization varied greatly, but often resembled the arrangement of a township of fifty or so homes led by a headman. The number of provinces was not fixed, however. As new land was developed, new provinces came into being. At

273-480: The position of Daijō-daijin had become an honorary position with no real authority, but it continued to be held by members of the high aristocratic class. In 1167, Taira no Kiyomori established the first de facto samurai government and became Daijō-daijin . He was the first person to become Daijō-daijin despite being born into the warrior class. During the Kamakura period (1185-1333), high-ranking positions at

294-541: The time of the Code's enactment, there were sixty-six provinces comprising 592 districts. The Chinese system known as ritsuryō in Japan was adopted by both the kingdoms of the Korean peninsula and Japan at the same time. According to Shoku Nihongi , the participation member of Taihō Code was the 18 Japanese aristocrats and one Chinese scholar (薩弘恪 Satsu Koukaku) Chinese scholar Satsu played an important role. He participated in

315-621: The title of Daijō-daijin was basically a posthumous promotion . After the appointment of Fujiwara Yoshifusa in 857 of the Heian period (794–1185), it became an almost permanent position, although not legally permanent, and many members of the Fujiwara clan were appointed to the position. As the Fujiwara clan—which dominated the Sesshō ( 摂政 , Imperial Regent for Minor Emperors) and Kampaku ( 関白 , Imperial Regent fo Adult Emperors) —gained influence,

336-529: The title was reconfigured to mean the Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal of Japan in the Imperial Court . In that year, the office of prime minister or chief minister of the initial restoration government was the Daijō-daijin , Sanjō Sanetomi . In December, Sanjō petitioned the emperor to be relieved of his office; and he was then immediately appointed Naidaijin , or Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal. The office of

357-686: The unfolding story - for example: Daij%C5%8D-daijin The Daijō-daijin or Dajō-daijin ( 太政大臣 , " Chancellor of the Realm") was the head of the Daijō-kan ( 太政官 , Council of State) during and after the Nara period and briefly under the Meiji Constitution . It was equivalent to the Chinese Tàishī ( 太師 ) , or Grand Preceptor . Emperor Tenji 's favorite son, Prince Ōtomo ,

378-639: Was headed by the Great Council of State, which was presided over by the Daijō-daijin (太政大臣, Chancellor). The Ministers of the Left and Right ( Sadaijin 左大臣 and Udaijin 右大臣 respectively), Controllers of the Left and Right ( Sadaiben 左大弁 and Udaiben 右大弁), four Great Councillors ( Dainagon 大納言) and three Minor Councillors ( Shōnagon 少納言) made up the Council, and were responsible to the Daijō-daijin . The eight government Ministries were, in turn, responsible to

399-403: Was posthumously promoted to Daijō-daijin in 1582. Subsequently, Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Tokugawa Ieyasu were appointed Daijō-daijin . This prominent office was briefly resurrected under the Meiji Constitution with the appointment of Sanjō Sanetomi in 1871, before being abolished completely in 1885 in favor of the newly created office of Prime Minister . The Chancellor presided over

420-483: Was responsible for annual festivals and official court ceremonies such as coronations , as well as the upkeep of shrines , the discipline of shrine wardens, and the recording and observation of oracles and divinations. It is important to note that the department, though it governed all the Shintō shrines in the country, had no connection with Buddhism . The Daijō-kan , or Department of State, handled all secular matters and

441-646: Was the first to have been accorded the title of Daijō-daijin during the reign of his father. The Asuka Kiyomihara Code of 689 marks the initial appearance of the Daijō-Daijin in the context of a central administrative body composed of the three ministers: the Daijō-daijin (Chancellor), the Minister of the Left ( 左大臣 , Sadaijin ) , and the Udaijin ( 右大臣 , Minister of the Right ) . These positions were consolidated under

SECTION 20

#1732858129700
#699300