The Injury Severity Score ( ISS ) is an established medical score to assess trauma severity. It correlates with mortality, morbidity and hospitalization time after trauma. It is used to define the term major trauma. A major trauma (or polytrauma) is defined as the Injury Severity Score being greater than 15. The AIS Committee of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM) designed and improves upon the scale.
8-475: The Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) is an anatomically based consensus-derived global severity scoring system that classifies each injury in every body region according to its relative severity on a six-point ordinal scale : There are nine AIS chapters corresponding to nine body regions: The ISS is based (see below) upon the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS). To calculate an ISS for an injured person,
16-415: A score of 3 or more. The definition was used to harmonize count of serious injuries or serious road injury in different member States (see Killed or Seriously Injured ). Since 2017 Valletta Council conclusions on road safety, States started collecting those numbers. This need use of hospital data rather than police data. Patients often have more than one injury. The Maximum Abbreviated Injury Score (MAIS)
24-512: Is an anatomical-based coding system created by the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine to classify and describe the severity of injuries . It represents the threat to life associated with the injury rather than the comprehensive assessment of the severity of the injury. AIS is one of the most common anatomic scales for traumatic injuries. The first version of the scale
32-428: Is not the arbitrary code for a deceased patient or fatal injury, but the code for injuries specifically assigned an AIS 6 severity. An AIS-Code of 9 is used to describe injuries for which not enough information is available for more detailed coding, e.g. crush injury to the head . The AIS scale is a measurement tool for single injuries. A universally accepted injury aggregation function has not yet been proposed, though
40-493: The injury severity score and its derivatives are better aggregators for use in clinical settings. In other settings such as automotive design and occupant protection, MAIS is a useful tool for the comparison of specific injuries and their relative severity and the changes in those frequencies that may result from evolving motor vehicle design. The European Union defined the MAIS3+ as the maximum abbreviated injury scale (MAIS) with
48-495: The body is divided into six ISS body regions. These body regions are: To calculate an ISS, take the highest AIS severity code in each of the three most severely injured ISS body regions, square each AIS code and add the three squared numbers for an ISS ( ISS = A + B + C where A, B, C are the AIS scores of the three most injured ISS body regions). The ISS scores ranges from 1 to 75 (i.e. AIS scores of 5 for each category). If any of
56-517: The three scores is a 6, the score is automatically set at 75. Since a score of 6 ("unsurvivable") indicates the futility of further medical care in preserving life, this may mean a cessation of further care in triage for a patient with a score of 6 in any category. Online Calculator of the Injury Severity Score Abbreviated Injury Scale The Abbreviated Injury Scale ( AIS )
64-411: Was published in 1969 with major updates in 1976, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1998, 2005, 2008 and 2015. The score describes three aspects of the injury using seven numbers written as 12(34)(56).7 Each number signifies Fractures, rupture, laceration, etc. Abbreviated Injury Score-Code is on a scale of one to six, one being a minor injury and six being maximal (currently untreatable). An AIS-Code of 6
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