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16-784: Ingush Autonomous Oblast ( Ingush : ГӀалгӀай автономе область , Russian : Ингушская автономная область ) was a autonomous oblast of the Russian SFSR in the Soviet Union , created on 7 July 1924. Since 16 October 1924 it belonged to North Caucasus Krai . It was merged with the Chechen Autonomous Oblast to form the Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Oblast on 15 January 1934. 43°19′N 45°41′E  /  43.317°N 45.683°E  / 43.317; 45.683 This Soviet Union –related article

32-642: A vigesimal system, where numbers lower than twenty are counted as in a base-ten system, but higher decads are base-twenty. In Ingush, "for main clauses, other than episode-initial and other all-new ones, verb-second order is most common. The verb, or the finite part of a compound verb or analytic tense form (i.e. the light verb or the auxiliary), follows the first word or phrase in the clause". Muusaa Musa vy V . PROG hwuona 2S . DAT telefon telephone jettazh strike. CVsim Muusaa vy hwuona telefon jettazh Musa V .PROG 2S.DAT telephone strike. CVsim It's Musa on

48-613: A written language with an Arabic -based writing system at the beginning of the 20th century. After the October Revolution it first used a Latin alphabet , which was later replaced by Cyrillic . The diphthongs are иэ /ie/, уо /uo/, оа /oɑ/ , ий /ij/, эи /ei/, ои /oi/, уи /ui/, ов /ow/, ув /uw/. The consonants of Ingush are as follows, including the Latin orthography developed by Johanna Nichols : Single consonants can be geminated by various morphophonemic processes. Ingush

64-542: A federal subject of Russia . It is possible that during the period of 8–12th century, when the Temples like Tkhaba-Yerdy emerged in Ingushetia, a writing system based on a Georgian script emerged. This is attested by the fact that a non- Georgian name, 'Enola', was found written on the arc of Tkhaba-Yerdy. Furthermore, Georgian text was found on archaeological items in Ingushetia that could not be deciphered. Ingush became

80-888: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Ingush language Ingush and Chechen , together with Bats , constitute the Nakh branch of the Northeast Caucasian language family . There is pervasive passive bilingualism between Ingush and Chechen. Ingush is spoken by about 350,000-400,000 people (2020) in Russia , primarily in the North Caucasian republics of Ingushetia , North Ossetia and Chechnya . Speakers can also be found in Kazakhstan , Uzbekistan , Turkmenistan , Belgium , Norway , Turkey and Jordan . Ingush is, alongside Russian, an official language of Ingushetia ,

96-653: Is a Latin ablative of the nominative (viā) via , meaning road, route, or way. In the ablative it means by way of . The instrumental case appears in Old English , Old Saxon , Georgian , Armenian , Basque , Sanskrit , and the Balto-Slavic languages . An instrumental/ comitative case is arguably present in Turkish as well as in Tamil . Also, Uralic languages reuse the adessive case where available, locative case if not, to mark

112-531: Is not divided into dialects with the exception of Galanchoz  [ ru ] (native name: Галай-Чӏож/Галайн-Чӏаж), which is considered to be transitional between Chechen and Ingush. Ingush is a nominative–accusative language in its syntax , though it has ergative morphology . The most recent and in-depth analysis of the language shows eight cases: absolutive , ergative , genitive , dative , allative , instrumental , lative and comparative . Like many Northeast Caucasian languages, Ingush uses

128-510: Is one instance of an etymologically instrumental declension . Though not commonly known to be of pronominal origin, it was, in fact, inherited from Old English hwȳ , which was the declension of hwæt (now what ) in the Old English instrumental case – a grammatical feature rare even in Old English. The modern instrumental case (as present in why ) does not bear the meaning of instrument, but of purpose, cause, or reason: rather,

144-445: The inflection of the noun indicates its instrumental role: the nominative перо changes its ending to become пером . Modern English expresses the instrumental meaning by use of adverbial phrases that begin with the words with , by , or using , followed by the noun indicating the instrument : Technical descriptions often use the phrase "by means of", which is similar to "by use of", as in: This can be replaced by "via", which

160-450: The case is called творительный падеж (tvoritel'nyj padež) though similar usages also can be found in other Balto-Slavic languages . In most declension paradigms, the instrumental case in Russian can generally be distinguished by the -ом ("-om") suffix for most masculine and neuter nouns, the -ою/-oй ("-oju"/"-oj") suffix for most feminine nouns and -ами ("-ami") for any of the three genders in

176-623: The closely related form how is used to express instrument, way, or means. In phrases such as "The more, the merrier", the word the derives from the instrumental case of the demonstrative pronoun related to the modern English word that . Proto-Indo-European has been reconstructed as having eight cases, one of which was the instrumental. The instrumental case in Classical Sanskrit can have several meanings: रामो Rāmo लेखन्या lekhanyā लिखति। likhati. रामो लेखन्या लिखति। Rāmo lekhanyā likhati. "Rāma writes with

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192-399: The dative of "δόλος" ("dolos" – a bait) is used as the instrumental case (the means or instrument here is, obviously, the bait). In Latin the instrumental case has merged with the ablative , thus the ablative case has the same functions. For example, ipso facto can be translated as "by the fact itself", while oculīs vidēre means "to see with one's eyes". In Modern English , the word why

208-448: The instrumental case does not exist in many languages, some languages use other cases to denote the means, or instrument, of an action. In Classical Greek , for example, the dative case is used as the instrumental case. This can be seen in the sentence " ..με κτείνει δόλῳ ," or "..me ktenei dolôi" (Book IX, line 407 of the Odyssey ), which means "he kills me with a bait". Here, " δόλῳ ,"

224-671: The phone for you. (After answering the phone.) Instrumental case In grammar , the instrumental case ( abbreviated INS or INSTR ) is a grammatical case used to indicate that a noun is the instrument or means by or with which the subject achieves or accomplishes an action. The noun may be either a physical object or an abstract concept. The instrumental case appears in this Russian sentence: Я Ya I написал napisal wrote письмо pis'mo (the) letter пером. perom. [with] (a) quill pen. Я написал письмо пером. Ya napisal pis'mo perom. I wrote {(the) letter} {[with] (a) quill pen.} Here,

240-667: The plural. Just as in English the preposition "with" can express instrumental ("using, by means of"), comitative ("in the company of"), and a number of other semantic relations, the instrumental case in Russian is not limited to its instrumental thematic role. It is also used to denote: The Russian instrumental case is also used with verbs of use and control (to own, to manage, to abuse, to rule, to possess, etc.), attitude (to be proud of, to threaten (with), to value, to be interested (in), to admire, to be obsessed (with), etc.), reciprocal action (to share, to exchange), and some other verbs. Though

256-453: The same category, or comitative case ( Estonian ). For example, the Finnish kirjoitan kynällä does not mean "I write on a pen", but "I write using a pen", even if the adessive -llä is used. In Ob-Ugric languages, the same category may also mark agents with verbs that use an ergative alignment , for instance, "I give you, using a pen". The instrumental case is notably used in Russian, where

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