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20-775: Ingrebourne Valley is a local nature reserve (LNR) in Hornchurch in the London Borough of Havering . It is owned and managed by Havering Council, and has a visitor centre managed by the Essex Wildlife Trust . Most of it is in Hornchurch Country Park west of the River Ingrebourne , but there are also areas north and south of the park which are part of the LNR. It has a wide range of habitats, including woodland, grassland,

40-550: A county and a unitary authority or a national park). County, national park and some unitary authorities also prepare minerals and waste local plans, which are also deemed to be local plans. In London and the metropolitan areas, and in a few non-metropolitan unitary areas, authorities produce unitary development plans (UDPs), which combine the functions of structure and local plans and include minerals and waste policies. Local plans and UDPs identify particular areas as suitable for housing, industry, retail or other uses, and set out

60-460: A guide to their selection and declaration , 2000). Local plan A development plan sets out a local authority's policies and proposals for land use in their area. The term is usually used in the United Kingdom . A local plan is one type of development plan. The development plan guides and shapes day-to-day decisions as to whether or not planning permission should be granted, under

80-451: A time after the commencement of the new development plan system brought about by the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004. In India , Development Plan process is a provincial/state subject. There are various town planning authorities under each province/state that assess the growth of areas, identify suitable areas for housing, industry, public infrastructure and allocate budgets. Each of

100-409: Is not, or may have other designations (although an LNR cannot also be a national nature reserve ). Except where the site is an SSSI, there is no legal necessity to manage an LNR to any set standard, but management agreements often exist. An LNR may be given protection against damaging operations. It also has certain protection against development on and around it. This protection is usually given via

120-587: The Town and Country Planning Act 1990 ) requires that decisions made should be in accordance with the development plan unless material considerations indicate otherwise. Although development plans do not have to be rigidly adhered to, they provide a firm basis for rational and consistent planning decisions. Local plans and structure plans were introduced by the Town and Country Planning Act 1990. By virtue of specific transitional provisions, these plans will continue to operate for

140-586: The local plan (produced by the planning authority ), and often supplemented by local by-laws. However, there is no national legal protection specifically for LNRs. Information on LNRs is available from the Countryside Council for Wales ( A Place for Nature at your Doorstep: the role of Local Nature Reserves , 2004), Natural England ( Local Nature Reserves: places for people and wildlife , 2000) and Scottish Natural Heritage ( Local Nature Reserves in Scotland:

160-528: The Countryside Act 1949 combined elements of several of these categories in its definition of a nature reserve (Section 15). The hope of the Special Committee was to see sites protected which represented sites of local scientific interest, which could be used by schools for field teaching and experiment, and in which people with no special interest in natural history could "... derive great pleasure from

180-725: The LNR of the same name, lying east, north and south of the country park. Part of the LNR is also in the Ingrebourne Marshes Site of Special Scientific Interest . The site has a car park at its northern end off Hacton Lane. 51°32′17″N 0°12′36″E  /  51.538°N 0.210°E  / 51.538; 0.210 Local nature reserve There are now over 1,280 LNRs in England, covering almost 40,000 hectares, which range from windswept coastal headlands and ancient woodlands to former inner city railways and long abandoned landfill sites. The National Parks and Access to

200-405: The county, national park or unitary authority set out key strategic policies as a framework for local planning) and local plans (in which district councils and national park authorities set out more detailed policies to guide development in their areas, including proposals for specific sites). Structure plans were in some cases prepared on a joint basis between two or more authorities (such as

220-565: The metropolitan cities in India has an Agency which is responsible for Development Planning exercise of the cities. Mumbai city has Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority commonly known as MMRDA . Similarly there is Delhi Development Authority for Delhi , Bangalore has the Bengaluru Development Authority, Kolkata has Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority and there is Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority for

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240-407: The owner. The land must lie within the area which the declaring authority controls. LNRs are of local, but not necessarily national, importance. LNRs are almost always owned by local authorities, who often pass the management of the LNR onto County Wildlife Trusts . LNRs also often have good public access and facilities. An LNR can also be an SSSI (Site of Special Scientific Interest) , but often

260-726: The passing of the Planning etc. (Scotland) Act 2006 , the development plan comprises strategic development plans (covering a number of city areas/urban authorities), local development plans and statutory Supplementary Guidance. National park authorities in Scotland also act a planning authority for the development of planning policy, and the Loch Lomond and the Trossachs and the Cairngorms National Park Local Plans also form part of

280-576: The peaceful contemplation of nature ." A Local Nature Reserve (capitalised) is a statutory designation made under Section 21 – "Establishment of nature reserves by local authorities" – of the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949 by principal local authorities (district, borough or unitary councils) in England , Scotland and Wales . Parish and town councils in England have no direct power to designate nature reserves, but they can have

300-438: The policies which the authority proposes to apply in deciding whether or not development will be permitted. The preparation of Local Plans and UDPs gives the community the opportunity to influence the detailed policies and specific proposals for the future development and use of land in their area. Because the plan forms the statutory basis for planning decisions, local people are involved in its preparation. In Scotland, following

320-517: The powers to do so delegated to them by their principal local authority using section 101 of the Local Government Act 1972 . The first LNR in Scotland was established in 1952 at Aberlady in East Lothian . To establish a LNR, the declaring local authority must first have a legal interest in the land concerned, for example, they could own it, lease it or have a nature reserve agreement with

340-459: The river and marshes. It is an important site for a range of species of plants, animals and birds, including great crested newts, slow worms, the harvest mouse and the water vole. It has a complicated relationship with other nature reserves in the area. Hornchurch Country Park is a Site of Borough Importance for Nature Conservation , Grade I, and Ingrebourne Valley Site of Metropolitan Importance for Nature Conservation has different boundaries from

360-574: The south Indian city of Chennai . Countries in the Middle East have started to launch national Development Plans where they draw up plans for diversifying their economies. See for example the Saudi Vision 2030 , Qatar National Vision 2030 , UAE Vision 2021 and Kuwait Vision 2035. In England and Wales, the development plan may contain a number of documents: Counties and most non-metropolitan unitary districts are covered by structure plans (in which

380-523: The system known as development control ( development management in Scotland ). In order to ensure that these decisions are rational and consistent, they must be considered against the development plan adopted by the authority, after public consultation and having proper regard for other material factors. Section 38(6) of the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 (replacing Section 25 of Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1997 and Section 54A of

400-445: The wider development plan. The Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 has introduced a local development framework including several additional documents that will eventually supersede those mentioned above. The procedure for adoption of a local plan includes issues and options, the draft local plan (followed by regulation 18 consultation ), the publication local plan (followed by regulation 19 consultation), then examination by

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