35-575: Ingleborough (723 m or 2,372 ft) is the second-highest mountain in the Yorkshire Dales , England. It is one of the Yorkshire Three Peaks (the other two being Whernside and Pen-y-ghent ), and is frequently climbed as part of the Three Peaks walk . A large part of Ingleborough is designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest and National Nature Reserve and is the home of
70-501: A hill fort . The summit plateau of Ingleborough is encircled by the remains of a massive stone rampart, containing the foundations of Iron Age huts. Ingleborough is in the south-western corner of the Yorkshire Dales , at the highest point of a triangle of land with corners at Ingleton , Ribblehead and Settle . The hill is connected to its nearest higher neighbour, Whernside, by a low col or mountain pass at Ribblehead at approximately 971 feet (296 m). Ingleborough throws out
105-763: A bearing of 218 degrees. List of peaks in the Yorkshire Dales This is a list of the peaks in the Yorkshire Dales . To avoid the list becoming infinitely long and arbitrary, only hills with more than 30 m relative height are included. This includes all Marilyns and Hewitts as well as many other hills. Marilyns are peaks in the British Isles with 150 m of relative height ; Hewitts are peaks in England , Ireland and Wales over 2000 ft (610 m) elevation , with at least 30 m relative height. There are 22 Marilyns and 28 Hewitts in
140-496: A glacial hollow known as the Happy Valley. There are several popular hillwalking routes to its summit. The most frequently used starting point is probably the village of Ingleton , about 4 miles (6 km) to the southwest. An ascent from here is about 7 + 1 ⁄ 2 miles (12 km) there and back. The route follows a walled lane, Fell Lane, before emerging onto a flat area, Crina Bottom, scattered with potholes including
175-458: A joint project, Wild Ingleborough, with aims to improve the landscape for wildlife and people. The first element of the name "Ingleborough" has been variably explained as a Scots term for 'beacon, fire', an Old Danish term meaning 'English' or a derivative of Old English ing , 'peak'. The second element is derived from the Old English word burh , meaning "a fortified place"; in this case,
210-461: A limestone plateau with many caves, including Great Douk Cave and Meregill Hole, is followed by a steep and tedious climb to the shoulder of the subsidiary summit of Simon Fell at 2,000 feet (610 m), a mile to the north-east of the summit. The passage from here to the summit is high-level and exhilarating, but requires some scrambling . Finally there are unwaymarked routes heading NE across Simon Fell and Souther Scales Fell both of which reach
245-428: A ridge to the north-east which develops into a summit, Simon Fell , and another summit further down, Park Fell. An ill-defined ridge going south-east from the summit breaks into two large areas of limestone plateau at about 1,300 feet (400 m); both plateaux contain summits and these are the subsidiary summits of Norber and Moughton . On the slopes of the former are the famed Norber Boulders . Continuing south-east
280-550: A serious example of footpath erosion . Another route on this flank is from the isolated farmstead of Crummack. There is also a route from Clapham that follows the Ingleborough Estate nature trail, before passing the Craven Fault , the showcave of Ingleborough Cave , the ravine of Trow Gill and the pothole of Gaping Gill . It then crosses a marshy area and climbs up to the shoulder of Little Ingleborough before following
315-473: A steep descent just beyond the triangulation pillar on Park Fell to reach the Right of Way at New Close. Both routes give commanding views of the area. The summit is a broad plateau half a mile in circumference, slightly convex, higher to the north-west than to the south-east, and carpeted with dry turf. There is an Ordnance Survey trig point (number S. 5619) at the highest point, near the western corner. Just to
350-564: Is a common one in England. It derives from Old English horu 'dirt' and tūn 'settlement, farm, estate', presumably meaning 'farm on muddy soil'. Horton in Ribblesdale was historically a part of Ewcross wapentake in the West Riding of Yorkshire . It became a parish town in the early 12th century when the church of St. Oswald was established. This church was historically associated with
385-504: Is also used for a fell race in April, while the Three Peaks cyclo-cross race also visits the three summits in the course of a longer 37.9 miles (61 km) route on the last Sunday in September. Participants in both the running and cycling race regularly achieve winning times of around three hours, and sometimes both races in the year are won by the same competitor. The village has two pubs,
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#1732856172930420-562: Is particularly rich in potholes; one of these, Long Kin East, can be followed without specialist caving equipment for 100 yards (91 m). Also here is Juniper Gulf , which descends 420 feet (130 m) underground through an arduous rift, dominated by a small geological fault. The Smearsett Scar region contains the Celtic Wall, the Ebbing and Flowing Well (which has now stopped ebbing and flowing) and
455-534: Is that this fort was used all year, which was unusual for such a location, but at the time of the Romans the climate was much milder, the Romans for example cultivating grapes in Newcastle. The striking appearance of Ingleborough from all directions and from a great distance is due to the unusual geology of the underlying rock. The base of the mountain is composed of ancient Silurian and Ordovician rocks which are exposed in
490-681: The Craven district of North Yorkshire , England. It is situated in Ribblesdale on the Settle–;Carlisle Railway to the west of Pen-y-ghent . Its population in the 2001 census was 498 people in 211 households; decreasing to 428 at the 2011 Census. It is first attested as Horton in the Domesday Book of 1086, with in Ribblesdale being added already in the 13th century to distinguish it from Horton, Lancashire . The place-name Horton
525-575: The Deanery of Chester , and was part of the Diocese of York – though today it is part of the Diocese of Leeds . The surviving parish records date back to 1556. In the 13th century the village and parish were ruled by rival monastic orders at Jervaulx Abbey and Fountains Abbey . Their dispute stemmed from a 1220 transfer of property here by William de Mowbray to the Fountains monks, which challenged
560-400: The peat but revealed in the escarpments about 1,700 feet (520 m) up. There are also layers of harder limestone sandwiched between the softer rocks which have been eroded faster, and which protect the layers beneath them, leading to the 'tiered' effect. The whole mountain, however, is protected from erosion by a cap of Millstone Grit approximately 100 feet (30 m) tall. The rock above
595-704: The Crown Hotel and the Golden Lion. In 2006 a villager controversially installed a radio telescope. The Grade I listed village church is dedicated to St. Oswald . It has a complete Norman nave , south door and tub-font and is the most complete of the Norman churches built in the Yorkshire Dales after the Norman conquest and the Harrying of the North that followed. The square tower
630-496: The Long Churn cave system just to the north of the village, and Hull Pot and Hunt Pot on the western side of Pen-y-ghent in England. The Three Peaks walk is an endurance challenge of 26 miles (41.8 km) distance, including 5,000 feet (1,524 m) of ascent and descent of the mountains of Pen-y-ghent, Whernside and Ingleborough all to be completed in under 12 hours which attracts thousands of walkers each year. The circuit
665-590: The Millstone Grit layer has been eroded away, which explains the comparative flatness of the summit. A good explanation of the geology and scenery of the area is given in Waltham. Important mountain peaks visible from Ingleborough are listed here, clockwise from north, with their distance in miles and bearing in degrees . The furthest peak visible is Manod Mawr in Snowdonia , North Wales, 103 miles (166 km) away on
700-616: The Yorkshire Dales National Park. Topographically , the boundaries of the Yorkshire Dales trace the flow of streams from the lowest points between it and the neighbouring regions of the Lake District , North Pennines , Forest of Bowland , South Pennines and North York Moors . Hills are grouped as topographically as possible, according to their 'parent Marilyn '. The parent Marilyn of hill A can be found by dividing
735-567: The considerable Quaking Pot. A steep climb through the limestone cliffs leads to the summit. The hill may also be climbed from Horton in Ribblesdale 6 miles (10 km) to the east, following a route crossing extensive areas of limestone pavement in the region of Sulber Nick. This is the route of descent of the Three Peaks Walk and has been heavily improved by the National Trust, having changed in just thirty years from no path at all to
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#1732856172930770-502: The high land is broken by a divide carrying the minor road from Austwick to Helwith Bridge. On the other side of the divide the low summit of Smearsett Scar rises along with its subsidiaries, Pot Scar and Giggleswick Scar; from here the land falls away to the River Ribble at Settle. On the western side of Ingleborough is a large limestone plateau appropriately known as White Scars. White Scar Caves run for 4 miles (6.5 km) below
805-498: The manor lands about 1569 or 1570 to a syndicate consisting of John Lennard, Ralph Scrope, Ralph Rokebie, Sampson Lennard, William Forest, Robert Cloughe and Henry Dyxon. It seems the manor lands were eventually held solely by the family of John Lennard, the first named member of the syndicate. His daughter Lady Anne Lennard married Sir Leonard Bosville of Bradburne in Kent and together they sold their interests at Horton in Ribblesdale during
840-546: The nearby area into territories, by tracing the runoff from the key col of each Marilyn. The parent is the Marilyn whose territory hill A resides in. Marilyns are given in bold , followed by the hills within their territories, which are delineated in the map. In the table headers, H stands for height and RH for relative height. Horton in Ribblesdale Horton in Ribblesdale is a small village and civil parish in
875-561: The north is a well-built windshelter (cross-shaped to provide shelter whichever way the wind is blowing) with a view indicator or toposcope built into its centre. Between them is a large cairn . At the point where the Ingleton path reaches the summit rim is an even larger cairn; this, remarkably, is the remains of a battlemented round tower (a hospice ), built in 1830. The celebrations on the day of its opening ceremony became so alcoholic, however, that parts of it were thrown down there and then,
910-451: The parish's population. In 1725, local squire John Armistead left an endowment to establish a free grammar school here. The civil parish contains the hamlet of High Birkwith . Horton in Ribblesdale is the traditional starting (and finishing) point for the Three Peaks walk . The Pennine Way and Ribble Way long-distance footpaths pass through the village. The region is also popular for caving and potholing, with Alum Pot and
945-462: The plateau, and their entrance series has been developed as a show cave . The plateau is bounded by Raven Scar , the longest unbroken cliff in the district, and on top of it is the pothole of Meregill Hole . On the southern side (west of the Clapham path) is a similar plateau, containing potholes such as Fluted Hole and Pillar Hole . The plateau to the north of Norber, an area known as The Allotment,
980-638: The primacy of an earlier grant by Henry III to Jervaulx's predecessors at Fors Abbey. Not until 1315 was this dispute firmly settled, when Edward II confirmed the Abbot of Jervaulx as Lord of Horton in Ribblesdale. During the Dissolution of the Monasteries , the monks' interests at Horton in Ribblesdale was attributed with an annual income of £32 and 5 shillings; and was given to the Earl of Lennox . He, in turn, disposed of
1015-427: The reign of Charles II to a partnership consisting of Lawrence Burton, Richard Wigglesworth and Francis Howson. In 1597 Horton in Ribblesdale, like so much of northern England , was struck by a killer plague. This is confirmed by the parish burial register, which lists 74 deaths that year compared to just 17 deaths during the preceding and succeeding years. Those lost to this pandemic amounted to roughly one-eighth of
1050-698: The remains of several hut circles . It is now thought that this was in fact Celtic , built by the Brigantes , the largest amalgamation of tribes in Iron Age Britain . The fort was known to the Romans as the Kings Fort. It may be that this was a base for Venutius after his 'divorce' from Cartimandua , the Brigantes Queen who was a supporter of the Roman invaders, unlike Venutius who led several rebellions. What we do know
1085-418: The rest being destroyed later. Along the northern and eastern edges of the plateau are the tumbled remains of a wall, once believed to have been a Roman military camp but now known to be an Iron Age hill fort. For the view, which is far-reaching and superb, see here . The hill fort, which covers 15 acres (61,000 m) and of which the defensive wall can still be seen although much robbed for stone, contains
Ingleborough - Misplaced Pages Continue
1120-474: The ridge to the summit. The return to Clapham can be varied by taking the Horton-in-Ribblesdale path for 2 miles (3 km) before striking south through more limestone pavement to the small top of Norber; a descent past the famed Norber erratics (Norber Boulders) finishes a walk of 11.5 miles (18.5 km) that Wainwright considered the finest walk in the Yorkshire Dales. An alternative route from
1155-522: The south-west side of the triangle starts at Newby Cote, roughly a mile northwest of Clapham on the minor road heading towards Ingleton. This path proceeds ENE until it joins the main path from Clapham about a mile from the summit. There is a northern route from the Hill Inn at Chapel-le-Dale , the route of ascent used by the Three Peaks Walk and the shortest way up the mountain, being just 3 miles (4.8 km) from village to summit. An interesting walk across
1190-443: The valley bottoms to the north of Ingleton. A belt of Carboniferous Limestone , the 'Great Scar Limestone', some 600 feet (180 m) thick, lies on top of this. Due to the limestone's permeability , all the streams flowing down from the mountain are engulfed upon reaching it, falling into a number of potholes. Above lies the layered Yoredale Series of sedimentary rocks, predominantly shale and sandstone , and generally concealed by
1225-477: Was built later. The lychgates to enter the churchyard are roofed with slabs of Horton slate . Other buildings in Horton are typical of the area. 17th-century yeomen 's farmhouses can be found on the edge of the village, and later cottages can be seen nearer the centre of the village. In the 1870s the new railway prompted the building of Victorian terraced housing . Later the local quarrying of limestone led to
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