69-713: The Territorial Army ( TA ) is a military reserve force composed of part-time volunteers who provide support services to the Indian Army . It consists of officers , junior commissioned officers , non-commissioned officers and other personnel who hold ranks identical to those in the Indian Army, and also maintains civilian occupations. The primary role of the TA is to "relieve the regular army from static duties and assist civil administration in dealing with natural calamities and maintenance of essential services" and to "provide units for
138-464: A 2021 report, approximately 75 percent of TA units are deployed in counter-insurgency and counter-terrorism -prone areas in these regions. Since 1994, many TA soldiers serve as regular troops in counter-insurgency areas like Jammu and Kashmir for up to three years. The TA participated in rescue and relief operations following the 2001 Gujarat earthquake and protected oil installations in Vadodara during
207-681: A 65-to-75-percent survival rate. In 2020, plans to increase the presence of TA personnel in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands were made due to concerns about Chinese intrusion. On the night of 29 June 2022, a landslide occurred at the company location of 107 Infantry Battalion (TA) near Tupul railway station in Manipur that had been deployed to protect the under-construction Jiribam–Imphal line ; 31 TA personnel died. The family of each TA serviceperson received more than ₹1 crore in compensation and benefits, and future benefits for their children. Until 2020,
276-608: A brief period of training which could be expanded during wartime. Prussia could draw upon a large number of trained soldiers in subsequent wars, and the system was retained by the Imperial German Army into the First World War . By the time of the German Empire , reservists were given "war arrangements" after completion of their military service with instructions for the conduct of reservists in wartime. In countries such as
345-467: A call-up (obvious to adversaries) can display determination, boost morale, and deter aggression. Many reservists see voluntary training as merely for supplemental income or a hobby, and so reservists are inexpensive to maintain, their cost being limited to training and occasional deployments. The skills of reservists have been valuable in peacekeeping because they can be employed for the reconstruction of infrastructure, and tend to have better relations with
414-585: A civilian job, although most reserve forces have a significant permanent full-time component as well. Reservists may be deployed for weeks or months-long missions during peacetime to support specific operations. During wartime, reservists may be kept in service for months or years at a time, although typically not for as long as active duty soldiers. In countries with a volunteer military , reserve forces maintain military skills by training periodically (typically one weekend per month). They may do so as individuals or as members of standing reserve regiments—for example,
483-526: A contract to perform military service as reservists, and have not reached the upper age limit. Non-commissioned officers-reservists have civilian status, except for the days when they are carrying out their military duties. Reserve non-commissioned officers have civilian status, except for military training in peacetime and wartime mobilization. Non-commissioned officers-reservists are subject to mobilization in wartime first. Reserve non-commissioned officers (non-reservists) are divided into categories which determine
552-515: A military reserve force is a group of citizens who have signed contracts to perform military service as reservists, who were appointed to positions in particular military units , and who are involved in all operational, mobilization, and combat activities of these units (active reserve). Other citizens who do not sign a contract (the inactive reserve) can be mobilized and deployed on an involuntary basis. Some countries' 18th-century military systems included practices and institutions which functioned as
621-406: A part-time basis. They have civilian status, except for the days when they are carrying out their military duties (usually two or three days each month and attendance at a two-to-four-week military training camp once per year). Most reserve enlisted personnel are former active duty soldiers, sailors, and airmen, but some join the reserve without an active-duty background. When their contract expires,
690-649: A reserve force, even if they were not designated as such. For example, the half-pay system in the British Army provided the country with trained, experienced officers not on active duty during peacetime but available during wartime. The Militia Act of 1757 gave Britain an institutional structure for a reserve force. Although contemporaries debated the effectiveness of the British militia , its mobilization in several conflicts increased Britain's strategic options by freeing regular forces for overseas theaters. Reservists first played
759-439: A reserve soldier, sailor or airman becomes a retired soldier, sailor or airman. In countries with conscription, reserve enlisted personnel are soldiers, sailors, and airmen who are not on active duty and have not reached the upper age limit established by law. In addition to the upper age limit, intermediate age limits determine the priority of wartime mobilization (younger ages are more subject to mobilization). These limits divide
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#1732858607502828-480: A reserve soldier, sailor or airman when their contract expires, and retires at the upper age limit. In countries with a volunteer military, reserve non-commissioned officers are military personnel with relevant rank who have contracted to perform military service on a part-time basis. They have civilian status, except for military duty. Most reserve non-commissioned officers are former active-duty NCOs, but some become reserve NCOs without an active-duty background. When
897-447: A retired NCO at the upper age limit. Their main sources of NCOs are: In countries which combine conscription and a volunteer military, reserve NCOs are divided into two categories: non-commissioned officers - reservists and reserve non-commissioned officers. Non-commissioned officers-reservists have signed a contract to perform military service on a part-time basis. Reserve non-commissioned officers are not on active duty, have not signed
966-677: A significant role in Europe after the Prussian defeat in the Battle of Jena–Auerstedt . On 9 July 1807, in the Treaties of Tilsit , Napoleon forced Prussia to drastically reduce its military strength and cede large amounts of territory. The Prussian army was limited to a maximum of 42,000 men. The Krumpersystem , introduced to the Prussian Army by military reformer Gerhard von Scharnhorst , gave recruits
1035-526: A volunteer military, reserve warrant officers are military personnel with relevant rank who have signed a contract to perform military service on a part-time basis. They have civilian status, except for the days when they are carrying out their military duties. Most reserve warrant officers are former active duty warrant officers. The main sources of reserve warrant officers are military schools and reserve warrant-officers courses. In countries with conscription, reserve warrant officers are military personnel with
1104-483: A volunteer military, reserve officers are personnel with an officer's commission who have signed a contract to perform part-time military service. They have civilian status, except when carrying out their military duties. Most reserve officers are former active-duty officers, but some become reserve officers after promotion. The main sources of reserve officers are: In countries with conscription, reserve officers are officers who are not on active duty and have not reached
1173-488: Is a military organization whose members ( reservists ) have military and civilian occupations. They are not normally kept under arms , and their main role is to be available when their military requires additional manpower. Reserve forces are generally considered part of a permanent standing body of armed forces, and allow a nation to reduce its peacetime military expenditures and maintain a force prepared for war. During peacetime, reservists typically serve part-time alongside
1242-580: Is an example of such a reserve. With universal conscription, most of the male population may be reservists. All men in Finland belong to the reserve until 60 years of age, and 65 percent of each age cohort of men are drafted and receive at least six months of military training. Ten percent of conscripts are trained as reserve officers. Reservists and reserve officers are occasionally called up for refresher exercises , but receive no monthly salary or position. South Korean males who finish their national service in
1311-643: Is carried out on weekends and holidays. Four hours of training is counted as one day. The Territorial Army has a multi-purpose stadium in Amravati , Maharashtra , called the Territorial Army Parade Ground , which was formerly known as Reforms Club Ground, that hosts mostly cricket matches. TA personnel engage in sporting activities such as volleyball and basketball. They also participate in army shooting competitions and conduct competitions such as TA inter-battalion football and volleyball events. In 2016,
1380-448: Is threatened and to provide units for regular army as and when required". At the time of its inception, the TA was well received by the Indian Army, Navy and Air Force, but the concept was eroded and confined to some infantry and departmental units of the Indian Army. Former Indian Army colonel and columnist Balwan Singh Nagial wrote the "expansion of the regular army certainly overshadowed the concept of TA. Instead, it should have happened
1449-521: The Army Act, 1950 , which defines regular army as "regular army means officers, junior commissioned officers, warrant officers, non-commissioned officers and other enrolled persons who, by their commission, warrant, terms of enrolment or otherwise, are liable to render continuously for a term military service to the [Indian] Union in any part of the world, including persons belonging to the Reserve Forces and
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#17328586075021518-618: The Chief of Defence Staff under the Department of Military Affairs of the Ministry of Defence . The TA has two units—a departmental unit consisting of employees of public sector undertakings (PSU) and the Indian Railway and ex-servicemen; and a non-departmental unit consisting of privately employed civilians. The TA has participated in all of India's wars since the country's independence, including
1587-1111: The First World War . Subsequently, the VFI was restructured and replaced by the Indian Defence Force (IDF). The IDF, organized into separate European and Indian sections, was established by the Imperial Legislative Council on 9 October 1917 with the aim of releasing regular troops from garrison duties during World War I. Indians served as volunteers, while Europeans were conscripted . The Indian Defence Force Act of 1917 mandated military service for all European males (except clergy) aged 16 to 50 permanently residing in British India , including princely states. Those aged 16 to 18 were obligated to undergo training, while men over 40 were required to serve in their local districts. Men between 19 and 40 were obligated to serve wherever needed within British India. The IDF's youth wing , known as
1656-604: The Indian Air Force , named the Indian Territorial Force; and passage of the Indian Territorial Force Act. As per Army Order. 77/1984, the present role of the TA is to "relieve the regular army from static duties and assist civil administration in dealing with natural calamities and maintenance of essential services in situations where life of the communities is affected or the security of the country
1725-537: The Indian Oil Corporation . In 1985, the unit's scope was extended to other oil companies. The idea of raising oil-sector units was mooted after civil unrest in Assam in 1980, which resulted in a loss of more than ₹5,000 crore in oil production. The duties of oil-sector units are technical in nature. During their embodied service in the TA, these personnel perform the jobs they were doing in their civilian roles. In
1794-758: The Indian Rebellion of 1857 , the British Crown assumed control of Indian administration from the East India Company. Existing part-time forces were reorganized, resulting in the creation of the Volunteer Force (VFI) through legislation. As British rule expanded in India, full-time regular forces gained prominence. The VFI engaged in military conflicts both in India and abroad, including the Second Boer War and
1863-837: The Jamalpur regiment for operational duties along the critical, 361-kilometre (224-mile) New Jalpaiguri-Siliguri-Newmal-Alipurduar-Rangiya rail link through the Siliguri Corridor and to Rangiya as proposed by the Ministry of Defence. The disbandment process was to be completed by the DGTA within nine months. Several hospitals are affiliated with the Territorial Army, such as General Hospital (TA) at Kolkata , Allahabad , Jaipur , Patiala , Guwāhāti , Ahmadabad , and Rohtak . These units are activated to treat army personnel during wartime. In 2009,
1932-821: The Sino-Indian War of 1962, Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 , Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 and the Kargil War . The TA has participated in all wars since independence; subsequently, many of its air defence and artillery units were converted into regular army units. The TA also took part in Operation Pawan (1987) in Sri Lanka , Operation Rakshak in Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir , and Operation Rhino (1991) and Operation Bajrang (1990–1991) in Northeast India . Departmental units assisted
2001-614: The Sino-Indian War of 1962, Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 , Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 , and the Kargil War . The TA has also taken part in Operation Pawan (1987) in Sri Lanka , Operation Rakshak in Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir , Operation Rhino (1991) and Operation Bajrang (1990–1991) in Northeast India , and Operation Parakram in Jammu and Kashmir. Individuals seeking to join the TA must be employed in mainstay civilian professions or be self-employed. Members are required to undergo two months of mandatory paid service every year. Although
2070-550: The armed forces or in the national police are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to take several days of annual military training for seven years. In wartime, reserve personnel may provide replacements for combat losses or be used to form new units. Reservists can provide garrison duty, manning air defense , internal security and guarding of important points such as supply depots , prisoner of war camps, communications nodes, air and sea bases and other vital areas, freeing regular troops for service on
2139-1070: The 118 Infantry Battalion (TA) and the Cycle Polo Federation of India jointly organized the National Cycle Polo Championship, TA won the men's senior division. TA lost to Air Force Cycle Polo team in the National Cycle Polo Championship (2021–22). The TA has also organised golfing competitions. The TA has a military band named Territorial Army Symphony. It was raised in 2009 and has more than 40 musicians, playing brass , strings , and Indian classical instruments. The band performs both contemporary and traditional music. TA personnel have received many awards and decorations . As of 2021, these include one Ashok Chakra , one Kirti Chakra , five Ati Vishisht Seva Medals , five Vir Chakras , five Shaurya Chakra , one Yudh Seva Medal , 78 Sena Medals , 28 Vishisht Seva Medals , 17 Mentioned-in-Dispatches, and 280 COAS commendation cards. Military reserve force A military reserve force
Territorial Army (India) - Misplaced Pages Continue
2208-736: The Composite Ecological Task Force (CETF), also called Ganga Task Force, was raised as part of the Namami Gange Programme of the National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG), which aimed to maintain the cleanliness of the Ganges river. The unit comprises ex-servicemen whom the Central Pollution Control Board trains to test the river water. They also carry out afforestation activities on the rover's banks. The CETF
2277-771: The ITF and was later renamed University Officers' Training Corps (UOTC). After India's independence , the AFI was disbanded as its services were no longer required. The ITF was restructured into the newly formed Territorial Army, and the UOTC was converted into the National Cadet Corps (NCC). Post-independence, the Territorial Army Bill was introduced in the Constituent Assembly (the then Parliament of India) on 23 August 1948. It
2346-550: The India-China conflict in 1959, defence minister V. K. Krishna Menon , in a radio address, asked Indians to volunteer for the TA. Initially, the Territorial Army comprised various types of units, including Armoured Regiment (TA), Infantry Battalion (TA), Air Defence (TA), Medical Regiment (TA), Engineers Field Park Coy (TA), Signal Regiment (TA), EME Workshop (TA), Coast Battery (TA), ASC GT Coy (TA), ASC Compo Pl (TA), and AMC Field Ambulances (TA). By 1972, these units, except for
2415-1097: The Indian Army, and comes under the office of the Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) of the newly created Department of Military Affairs , which is under the Ministry of Defence . Lieutenant General Devendra Pratap Pandey was the first DG TA and General Bipin Rawat was the first CDS of the Indian Armed Forces. The TA has infantry and engineer units affiliated to various regiments of the Indian Army. Beside, it also has ecological battalions for restoration of environment. The TA units are classified as departmental units (including Indian Railways , Oil and Natural Gas Corporation , Indian Oil Corporation , Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited , and Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited ) and non-departmental units of infantry battalions, home and hearth, and engineers regiments. The departmental units are funded by state governments, Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas , Ministry of Railways , and Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change , while
2484-608: The Indian Army. In 2020, the TA was in a phase of gradual expansion. In July 2022, the TA started recruiting Mandarin -language graduates as officers as part of an effort by the Indian Army to increase its expertise in Mandarin and Tibetology amid the 2020–2022 China–India skirmishes and efforts of China's People's Liberation Army to recruit Hindi interpreters for posting in Tibet Autonomous Region . Territorial Army units were actively involved in military operations in
2553-411: The TA activated M & J Institute of Ophthalmology, Ahmedabad, after 30 years to perform a mock drill. In 2003–2004, Home and Hearth (H&H) units were raised, based on the "sons of the soil" model. The 162 Infantry Battalion TA JAK LI (H&H) is exclusively for Ikhwans . The H&H personnel are recruited only from Jammu and Kashmir . H&H units are deployed in northern and eastern regions of
2622-471: The TA states that it "does not provide a full time career", soldiers can choose to remain embodied for longer periods. TA personnel are entitled to all benefits available to the Indian Army, except gratuity and pension which are determined by the number of full years served. In 1612, when the English East India Company reached Surat , it established a contingent of part-time soldiers comprising
2691-459: The TA was headed by an Additional Directorate General of Territorial Army (ADG TA); this role was held by a major general of the Indian Army, and came under the office of the Chief of the Army Staff (COAS). From March 2020 onward, following a restructuring of the Indian Armed Forces, the TA is headed by a Director General of Territorial Army (DG TA); this role is held by a lieutenant general from
2760-523: The Territorial Army when called out on permanent service". According to the TA Act 1948; "every officer or enrolled person shall be liable to perform military service: (a) when called out in the prescribed manner to act in support of the civil power or to provide essential guards; (b) when embodied in the prescribed manner for training or for supporting or supplementing the regular forces; and (c) when attached to any regular forces either at his own request or under
2829-752: The UK's Army Reserve . A militia , home guard , state guard or state military may constitute part of a military reserve force, such as the United States National Guard and the Norwegian , Swedish and Danish Home Guard . In some countries (including Colombia, Israel, Norway, Singapore, South Korea, Sweden, and Taiwan), reserve service is compulsory for a number of years after completing national service . In countries with conscription , such as Switzerland and Finland, reserve forces are citizens who have completed active duty military service but have not reached
Territorial Army (India) - Misplaced Pages Continue
2898-613: The United States, reservists are often former military members who reached the end of their enlistment or resigned their commission. Service in the reserve for a number of years after leaving active service is required in the enlistment contracts and commissioning orders of many nations. Reservists can also be civilians who undertake basic and specialized training in parallel with regular forces while retaining their civilian roles. They can be deployed independently, or their personnel may make up shortages in regular units. Ireland's Army Reserve
2967-683: The University Corps (UC), was established at the universities of Calcutta , Bombay , Madras , and Allahabad . The IDF was generally unpopular among British conscripts. In 1920, it was replaced by two volunteer organizations: the Auxiliary Force (AFI) for European and Anglo-Indian officers and the Indian Territorial Force (ITF) for Indian other ranks . The UC was reorganized as the University Training Corps (UTC) under
3036-599: The civil authorities during industrial unrest and natural calamities, particularly the 1991 Uttarkashi earthquake , the 1993 Latur earthquake and the 1999 Odisha cyclone . The TA, as part of the Indian Peace Keeping Force , was involved in peacekeeping activities in Sri Lanka from 29 July 1987 to 24 March 1990. Since the early 1990s, units have been actively deployed in Jammu and Kashmir, Northeast India, and along India's northern and western borders. According to
3105-400: The civilian population than career soldiers. Reservists are usually provided with second-line equipment which is no longer used by the regular army , or is an older version of that in current service. Reservists also have little experience with newer weapons systems. Reservists who are retired service personnel are sometimes considered less motivated than regular troops. Reservists who combine
3174-648: The company's employees to safeguard its commercial interests. In 1687, the Governor and Council of Fort St. George ordered the creation of the Companie of Trained Bands, a part-time force based in Madras . This force was established to defend against the rival French East India Company and native princely states . The Companie played a role in the Battle of Plassey on 23 June 1757, and many of its part-time units were eventually converted into regular and irregular forces. After
3243-609: The contract expires, a reserve NCO becomes a retired NCO. The main sources of reserve NCOs are: In countries with conscription, reserve NCOs are military personnel with relevant rank who are not on active duty and have not reached the upper age limit. In addition to the upper age limit, intermediate age limits determine the priority of wartime mobilization (younger ages are subject to mobilization first). Reserve NCOs are subject to mandatory short-term military training in peacetime. They have civilian status, except for military training in peacetime and wartime mobilization. A reserve NCO becomes
3312-523: The definition of regular army when attached to a unit. The Territorial Army Act 1948 states, for the purpose of sections 128, 130, and 131 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC); "all officers, non-commissioned officers and other enrolled persons who have been attached to a unit shall be deemed to be officers, non-commissioned officers and soldiers respectively of the Regular Army". This is further complimented in
3381-537: The dual aim of rejuvenating the ecology and the settlement of ex-servicemen. Units were raised under the aegis of the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change and the Ministry of Defense in conjunction with state governments. It was recommended that each state have one ETF unit to operate for state forestry departments. The first Ecological Task Force Battalion was raised on 1 December 1982; as of 2021, there were 10 ETF units carrying out afforestation activities in rugged and ecologically degraded areas. In 2018,
3450-584: The early 1980s, the fragile ecology of the Sivalik Hills and the environmental stability of the Mussoorie hills deteriorated due to illegal limestone mining, increasing the rate of desertification . Norman Borlaug , the director of Mexico's International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center proposed to India's prime minister Indira Gandhi to use the Indian Army to recover the region's ecology. The government decided to raise TA units by enrolling ex-servicemen with
3519-414: The front. In peacetime, reservists can be used for internal-security duties and disaster relief, sparing the regular military forces. In many countries where military roles outside warfare are restricted, reservists are exempted from these restrictions. In countries with a volunteer army, reserve enlisted personnel are soldiers, sailors, and airmen who have signed contracts to perform military service on
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#17328586075023588-551: The infantry battalions, were either disbanded or became part of the regular army. In 2019, the TA began accepting women in officer and other ranks. By law, the Territorial Army is an integral part of the Indian Army , whose composition is defined in the Part I of the Defence Services Regulations, which states; "the army comprises regular army, regular reserves, and the Territorial Army". Part-time TA personnel may fall within
3657-492: The military, and skills attained in a number of professions are useful in the military. In many countries, reserve forces have capable people who would not otherwise consider a career in the military. A large reserve pool can allow a government to avoid the costs, political and financial, of new recruits or conscripts. Reservists are usually more economically effective than regular troops, since they are called up as needed, rather than being always on duty. Preparations to institute
3726-459: The nation"; and the 1982 review said "... TA should be based on part-time and full-time units and recruitment to be all citizens who fulfil the prescribed standard, while in consonance with the traditional concept, every effort should be made to enroll gainfully employed persons". The third review, in 1995, recommended a restructure to make it a tri-service organisation, including the Indian Navy and
3795-471: The non-departmental units are funded by the Ministry of Defence. There are zonal divisions and recruitment is zonal based. On 1 March 1983, the 801 Engineer Regiment R&P (TA) was established as a Departmental Territorial Army unit at Agra Fort under the Ministry of Petroleum, Chemicals & Fertilizers (later renamed as Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas ). The unit was formed to operate oil refineries & pipelines in an emergency, and to cater for
3864-500: The other way around, keeping in view the cost-effectiveness of TA". In February 2020, General Bipin Rawat stated "TAisation of defence forces" is a way to reduce the cost of running the military. After the restructuring of the Indian Armed Forces by introducing the Chief of Defence Staff and the Department of Military Affairs in March 2020, the TA's focus expanded to include more operational and intelligence-gathering roles to cut costs of
3933-525: The prescribed conditions". The act also says no personnel has any liability to serve beyond the "limits of India" unless under a General or by a special order of the Government of India . The concept of the TA was redefined multiple times by TA Review Committee nominated by the Government of India. The first review of 1971 defined it as "... to provide part-time military training to gainfully employed citizens of
4002-451: The priority of wartime mobilization (younger ages are subject to mobilization first) – Первый разряд , Второй разряд , and Третий разряд in Russia. Upon expiration of the contract, a non-commissioned officer-reservist becomes a reserve non-commissioned officer. A reserve NCO becomes a retired NCO at the upper age limit. The main sources of reserve NCOs are: In countries with
4071-588: The regular army as and when required". The TA was constituted by the Territorial Army Act of 1948 in the Dominion of India as a successor to the Indian Defence Force (1917–1920) and the Indian Territorial Force (1920–1948). It is commanded by a three-star ranking Director General of the Territorial Army, typically a Lieutenant General -ranking officer deputed from the Indian Army, and headed by
4140-453: The relevant rank who are not on active duty and have not reached the upper age limit. In addition to the upper-age limit, intermediate age limits determine wartime mobilization priority; younger officers are mobilized first. The main sources of reserve warrant officers are promotion during active-duty service or short-term peacetime training, assessment after demobilization, military schools, and reserve warrant-officer courses. In countries with
4209-434: The reserve into categories, such as the Swiss Auszug , Landwehr , and Landsturm . Reserve soldiers, sailors, and airmen are subject to mandatory short-term military training in peacetime, as regulated by law. Reserve soldiers, sailors, and airmen have civilian status, except for military training in peacetime and wartime mobilization. A reserve soldier, sailor or airman becomes a retired soldier, sailor or airman at
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#17328586075024278-763: The riots the followed the Godhra train burning incident in 2002. The TA has also participated in mountaineering activities. The joint Indo-British TA Mountaineering Expedition scaled Mount Kokthang (6,147 metres (20,167 ft)) in October 1982 and September 1994, and Mount Tenchenkhang (6,010 metres (19,720 ft)) in May 1998 in West Sikkim . The Ecological Battalion units planted 2.5 crore saplings over 20,000 hectares (49,000 acres) of land at Mussoorie and Pithoragarh hill stations in Uttarakhand , Bikaner and Jaisalmer in Rajasthan , ravines of Chambal in Madhya Pradesh , and Bhatti mines in Delhi . As of 2021, Ecological Task Forces has planted 6.9 crore saplings covering an area of 72,761 hectares (179,800 acres) with
4347-426: The state and 70 percent of the infantry battalion troops are sent for counterinsurgency duties. In 2015, the government sanctioned three engineer units in Jammu and Kashmir. Two units for Kashmir and one for Jammu. The Engineer Regiments are deployed for maintenance of the Line of Control . The Territorial Army has a strength of more than 43,000 first-line troops and 160,000 second-line troops, as of 2019. Training
4416-412: The upper age limit established by law. These citizens are subject to mandatory mobilization in wartime and short-term military training in peacetime. In countries which combine conscription and a volunteer military, such as Russia, "military reserve force" has two meanings. In a broad sense, a military reserve force is a group of citizens who can be mobilized as part of the armed forces. In a narrow sense,
4485-423: The upper age limit. In countries which combine conscription and a volunteer military, reserve soldiers, sailors, and airmen are divided into two categories: reservists and reserve enlisted personnel. Reservists sign a contract to perform military service on a part-time basis. Reserve enlisted personnel are not on active duty, have not signed a contract to perform military service as reservists, and have not reached
4554-594: The upper age limit. Reservists have civilian status, except when they are performing military duties. Reserve enlisted personnel have civilian status, except for military training in peacetime and wartime mobilization. Reservists are first subject to mobilization in wartime. Reserve enlisted soldiers, sailors, and airmen are divided into categories which determine the priority of wartime mobilization (younger personnel are mobilized first), such as Первый разряд (first category), Второй разряд (second category) and Третий разряд (third category) in Russia . A reservist becomes
4623-422: The upper age limit. The main sources of reserve officers are: In countries with conscription and volunteers, the main sources of reserve officers are: Military reserve personnel quickly increase available manpower substantially with trained personnel. Reservists may contain experienced combat veterans who can increase the quantity and quality of a force. Reservists also tend to have training in professions outside
4692-428: Was passed on 1 September and came into force on 10 September. It allowed civilians pursuing other professions to serve part-time in the army. The TA was constituted by reorganising and redesignating 11 ITF infantry units. The first TA camp was inaugurated by the first Governor-General of independent India, C. Rajagopalachari , on 9 October 1949. Since then, the annual Territorial Army Day is observed on 9 October. During
4761-429: Was raised after a proposal by the Department of Ex-servicemen Welfare . On 3 June 2022, after reviewing a report by a constituted committee and with the agreement of the Ministry of Defence and Directorate General of Territorial Army (DGTA), the Ministry of Railways disbanded five out of the six Railway Engineers Regiments (TA) that were based at Jhansi , Kota , Adra , Chandigarh , and Secunderabad , keeping only
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