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66-553: The pump was designed in the 1970s in a joint effort between the Government of India, UNICEF , and The World Health Organization (WHO) to address the severe drought and a water shortage affecting India during that period and to prevent evacuation of villages to refugee camps. Prior to the pump's design, poor quality cast-iron replicas of pumps used in Europe and North America to support a single family were used. While these types of pumps in

132-512: A free SMS social monitoring tool and real-time information system for community participation, designed to strengthen community-led development, citizen engagement, and positive change. SMS polls and alerts are sent out to U-reporters and real-time response information is collected. Results and ideas are shared back with the community. Issues polled include among others health, education, water, sanitation and hygiene, youth unemployment, HIV/ AIDS, disease outbreaks; social welfare sectors. The initiative

198-598: A partnership with UNICEF raising funds for children in the Asia-Pacific region , and would also display the UNICEF logo for the remainder of the 2011-12 A-League season. In Botswana , UNICEF has funded the development of new state-of-the-art HIV/AIDS education for every schoolchild in Botswana from nonprofit organization TeachAids . UNICEF announced a landmark partnership with Scottish club Rangers F.C. UNICEF partnered with

264-538: A variety of items, such as food supplements , water purification tablets , dietary and vitamin supplements , and the "School in a box" (pictured right). The UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre was established in 1988. It is based at the Ospedale degli Innocenti historic building in Florence , Italy . The centre was created to strengthen UNICEF's research capability and to support its advocacy for children worldwide. It

330-626: A world of difference in saving children's lives." UNICEF regularly publishes to the International Aid Transparency Initiative (IATI) using the identifier XM-DAC-41122. The organisation has been included assessed on its transparency by Publish What You Fund since 2012 and is included in the 2024 Aid Transparency Index with an overall score of 86.2 which is categorised as a "very good" score. In 2003, UNICEF sponsored Italian football club Piacenza Calcio 1919 until 2008. On 7 September 2006, an agreement between UNICEF and

396-488: Is also supported by Australian airline Qantas , relying on passengers to fundraise via a given envelope since 1991, and has raised over $ 36 million, with over 19,500 kg of coins every year. Frequent flyers can also redeem their mile points to donate. Norman Gillespie, UNICEF Australia's chief executive, said "If every Qantas passenger traveling domestically gave us just a few of their forgotten coins each time they traveled it would make little difference to their day, but

462-416: Is attached to the bottom of a series of pipes call riser mains or riser pipes and sits below the water surface in the well once installed. The riser main will carry the water from the pump cylinder to the surface. Inside the riser main, a series of rods connect the pump handle to the top of the pump cylinder at the bottom of the well. The reciprocating up and down movement of the pump handle raises and lowers

528-466: Is currently operational in 68 countries and covers more than 11 million people. On 19 June 2019, the 2021 Rugby League World Cup ( England ) announced that UNICEF would become the official tournament charity. The announcement was made at Mansion House, London as part of a launch event for the Rugby League World Cup legacy program called 'Inspired by RLWC2021'. The partnership aims to use

594-477: Is governed by a 36-member executive board that establishes policies, approves programs, and oversees administrative and financial plans. The board is made up of government representatives elected by the United Nations Economic and Social Council , usually for three-year terms. UNICEF's programs emphasize developing community-level services to promote the health and well-being of children. Most of its work

660-457: Is in the field, with a network that includes 150 country offices, headquarters and other facilities, and 34 "national committees" that carry out its mission through programs developed with host governments. Seven regional offices provide technical assistance to country offices as needed, while its Supply Division—based in the cities of Copenhagen and New York —helps provide over $ 3 billion in critical aid and services. In 2018, UNICEF assisted in

726-415: Is often used synonymously. This addition emphasizes the role of users as the managers of maintenance able choose to use someone from outside the village to assist with more complicated repairs. During the first UN decade on water boreholes , hand-dug wells and tubewells were constructed and water pumps were provided to developing countries by various NGOs . Unfortunately this top down approach led to

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792-421: Is one of the most widely known and visible social welfare entities globally, operating in 192 countries and territories. UNICEF's activities include providing immunizations and disease prevention, administering treatment for children and mothers with HIV , enhancing childhood and maternal nutrition , improving sanitation , promoting education, and providing emergency relief in response to disasters. UNICEF

858-620: Is present in 191 countries and territories around the world, but not involved in nine others ( Bahamas , Brunei , Cyprus , Latvia , Liechtenstein , Malta , Mauritius , Monaco , Singapore , and Taiwan ). Many people in developed countries first hear about UNICEF's work through the activities of one of the 36 national committees for UNICEF . These non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are primarily responsible for fundraising , selling UNICEF greeting cards and products, creating private and public partnerships, advocating for children's rights, and providing other support. The US Fund for UNICEF

924-470: Is the assumption that introducing and supporting VLOM is an easier task for government than running a centralized maintenance service. VLOM has undoubtedly brought the answer to sustainability a little closer; however, the goal of easy maintenance remains elusive. Perhaps the greatest lesson is that there are currently no ‘off-the-shelf’ solutions which can bypass the need for effective government institutional community water point support. Wherever this problem

990-487: Is the oldest of the national committees, founded in 1946. On 19 April 2007, Grand Duchess Maria Teresa of Luxembourg was appointed UNICEF Eminent Advocate for Children, in which role she has visited Brazil (2007), China (2008), and Burundi (2009). In 2009, the British retailer Tesco used "Change for Good" as advertising, which is trademarked by UNICEF for charity usage but not for commercial or retail use. This prompted

1056-770: Is the research arm of UNICEF, and is part of the Office of Research. The Office of Research has as its prime objectives to improve international understanding of issues relating to children's rights, to promote economic policies that advance the cause of children, and to help facilitate the full implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child in 190 countries and territories. UNICEF Innocenti develops its research agenda in consultation with other parts of UNICEF and with external stakeholders. The program reaffirms

1122-541: Is the successor of the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund, created on 11 December 1946, in New York, by the U.N. Relief Rehabilitation Administration to provide immediate relief to children and mothers affected by World War II . The same year, the U.N. General Assembly established UNICEF to further institutionalize post-war relief work. In 1950, its mandate was extended to address

1188-652: Is then used by UNICEF to deliver lifesaving packets of therapeutic food to severely malnourished children around the world. Since 1950, when a group of children in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , donated $ 17 which they received on Halloween to help post-World War II victims, the Trick-or-Treat UNICEF box has become a tradition in North America during the fall. These small orange boxes are handed to children at schools and other locations before 31 October. As of 2012 ,

1254-425: Is unresolved, and where there are no NGOs or other agencies to fill the gap, sustainability will always be in doubt. Recently there have been attempts to involve the private sector, not only in selling spares and handpump repairs, but also in local pump sales and installation. This is called the "BlueZone" approach where a handpump dealer has its own region to take care of. Due to economies of scale, this would raise

1320-614: The Commission for Relief in Belgium to direct the agency and "to think about organizing an action, a fund for the benefit of children, war victims chiefly." Rajchman, as head of a special UN subcommittee and with the support of La Guardia , Herbert Hoover and Maurice Pate, presented the resolution to the General assembly . From a temporary emergency relief agency in 1946 providing food and clothing to children and mothers displaced by World War II ,

1386-774: The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC). Until 2012 the facility was a 25,000m warehouse at Marmormolen in Copenhagen. With construction of a 45,000m UN City that is to house all UN activities in Copenhagen under one roof, the warehouse service has been relocated to outer parts of the Freeport of Copenhagen . The facility houses the UNICEF Supply Division which manages strategic hubs in Dubai , Douala , and Colón . The warehouse contains

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1452-586: The Princess of Asturias Award in 2006. During the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, UNICEF, along with the World Health Organization and other agencies, published guidance about healthy parenting. As early as September 1943, Polish health specialist Ludwik Rajchman suggested in an article published in Free World entitled "A United Nations Health Service—Why not?" that a health service should be incorporated into

1518-450: The UNHCR logo in gold at the bottom of the back of their jerseys. In January 2007 UNICEF struck a partnership with Canada's national tent pegging team. The team was officially re-flagged as "UNICEF Team Canada", and its riders wear UNICEF's logo in competition, and team members promote and raise funds for UNICEF's campaign against childhood HIV-AIDS. The Swedish club Hammarby IF followed

1584-487: The Hindustani Covenant Church of India. In just 20 years, 1 million of the pumps had been manufactured and installed in the developing world. An Indian magazine listed India Mark II hand pump as one of the defining inventions of the country. The pump's primary components consist of the pump handle, the riser main which carries the water to the surface, the pump cylinder which pushes water up the riser main, and

1650-594: The India Mark II and its variants. UNICEF UNICEF ( / ˈ j uː n i ˌ s ɛ f / YOO -nee- SEF ), originally the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund , officially United Nations Children's Fund since 1953, is an agency of the United Nations responsible for providing humanitarian and developmental aid to children worldwide. The organization

1716-438: The India Mark II has several flaws. Many versions of the pump use cast iron riser mains (the pipe that carries water from the bottom of the borehole to the surface). These pipes rust quickly (sometimes in just 2 years), and either leak water or separate completely from the pump rendering it useless. The pump requires routine maintenance and will fall into disrepair if certain procedures are not followed. A pump cylinder rests at

1782-489: The Mark II pump makes replacement parts more accessible. Unfortunately, higher maintenance costs and frequency of parts that need to be replaced can make the pump financially unsustainable in a poor community. More reliable pumps have been developed to be maintained at the local level: village level operations and maintenance (VLOM). The India Mark III, Afridev, and Bluepump are the most common VLOM pumps. The pumps incorporate

1848-497: The NGO. The sellers of the pipes are often the ministry members themselves, family or close friends. Major criticism of the India Mark II is that its design makes it difficult to repair at the village level and hence, without government support, NGO intervention, or community savings systems in place, the pump is more susceptible to extended periods of non-function or permanent failure. Lower upfront hardware costs and widespread adoption of

1914-491: The PVC if the rods are not centred in the riser main. Riser main stabilizer and connecting rod centralizers can be used to prevent this type of wear. Ministry of water officials have pushed back on the using of PVC citing the materials have not been tested thoroughly, though several countries have been using PVC successfully for years. Government corruption may be at the root of the decision. Iron replacement pipes are often paid for by

1980-600: The Rangers Charity Foundation and pledged to raise £300,000 by 2011. In 2010, UNICEF created a partnership with Phi Iota Alpha , making them the first Greek Lettered Organization UNICEF has ever worked with. In 2011, Phi Iota Alpha raised over $ 20,000 for the Tap Project and the Trick or Treats for UNICEF Campaign. In 2013, they agreed a contract with Greek association football champions Olympiacos F.C. who will show

2046-461: The Spanish Catalan association football club FC Barcelona was reached whereby the club would donate €1.5 million per year to the organization for five years. As part of the agreement, FC Barcelona would wear the UNICEF logo on the front of their uniforms in yellow (as seen in the picture on the right of Lionel Messi). This was the first time a football club sponsored an organization rather than

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2112-596: The Spanish and Canadian lead on 14 April 2007, also raising funds for UNICEF and displaying the UNICEF name on their sportswear. The Danish football club Brøndby IF participated in a similar arrangement from 2008 to 2013. In 2007, NASCAR driver Jacques Villeneuve has occasionally placed the UNICEF logo on the #27 Bill Davis Racing pickup truck in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series . Australian A-League club Sydney FC announced they would also enter into

2178-641: The State of Palestine (SoP), out of which 38 percent has been received. The Girl Star project is a series of films which documents stories of girls from the most disadvantaged communities across five northern states in India who, through education, have managed to break socio-economic constraints to make a success of their lives and become self-sufficient. These young women have grown to become role models in their communities, inspiring younger girls to go to school and continue their education. They have selected professions from

2244-721: The Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF campaign has collected approximately C$ 91 million in Canada and over US$ 167 million in the U.S.. Cartoons for Children's Rights is the collection of animated shorts based on UNICEF's Convention on the Rights of the Child . In 1994, UNICEF held a summit encouraging animation studios around the world to create individual animated spots demonstrating the international rights of children. To raise money to support its Education and Literacy Programs, UNICEF collaborates with companies worldwide – international as well as small- and medium-sized businesses. Since 2004,

2310-453: The US might have been used by a farming family three or four times a day, those in India were used incessantly by an entire community, with women and children lining up to use each pump from dawn till dusk. Not surprisingly, the pumps frequently broke down. When UNICEF did a survey of boreholes and pumps in two Indian states, it found that 75 per cent of the pumps were out of action. The requirements for

2376-517: The agency became a permanent UN Organization in 1953, and extended its efforts toward general programs of children welfare. UNICEF relies on country offices to help carry out its work through a unique program of cooperation developed with the host government. The programs seeks to develop practical strategies for fulfilling and protecting the rights of children and women . Regional offices guide this work and provide technical assistance to country offices as needed. Overall management and administration of

2442-461: The agency to say, "it is the first time in Unicef's history that a commercial entity has purposely set out to capitalize on one of our campaigns and subsequently damage an income stream which several of our programs for children are dependent on". They went on to call on the public "who have children's welfare at heart, to consider carefully who they support when making consumer choices". "Change for Good"

2508-498: The agency's annual income, including from corporations, civil society organizations, around six million individual donors worldwide. In the United States, Nepal and some other countries, UNICEF is known for its "Trick-Or-Treat for UNICEF" program in which children collect money for UNICEF from the houses they trick-or-treat on Halloween night, sometimes instead of candy. The program was discontinued in Canada in 2006. UNICEF

2574-534: The basis of UNICEF's advice to companies. UNICEF works with companies seeking to improve their social sustainability by guiding them through a due diligence process where issues throughout their supply chain, such as child labour , can be identified and actions to ratify them are put in place. UNICEF's timely responses to the increasing humanitarian needs in the State of Palestine have contributed to reaching more than 32,000 affected people. In 2023, UNICEF requires US$ 23.8 million for critical humanitarian services in

2640-527: The birth of 27 million babies, administered pentavalent vaccines to an estimated 65.5 million children, provided education for 12 million children, treated four million children with severe acute malnutrition , and responded to 285 humanitarian emergencies in 90 countries. UNICEF has received recognition for its work, including the Nobel Peace Prize in 1965 , the Indira Gandhi Prize in 1989 and

2706-456: The bottom of the borehole and may needs to be replaced every two years. To remove the cylinder, the riser main also needs to be lifted from the borehole. As one can imagine, lifting up to 100 ft of iron pipe and cylinder from a well is no easy task and requires special tools, a tripod stand, the replacement parts, and most importantly, the know-how to do it. In many developing countries and remote villages, these requirements cannot be met and

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2772-489: The centre's academic freedom and the focus of IRC's research on knowledge gaps, emerging questions and sensitive issues which are relevant to the realization of children's rights, in developing and industrialized countries. It capitalizes on IRC's role as an interface between UNICEF field experience, international experts, research networks and policy makers and is designed to strengthen the centre's institutional collaboration with regional academic and policy institutions, pursuing

2838-500: The connecting rod thus raising and lowering the plunger of the pump cylinder. Two one-way water valves inside the cylinder suck water into the cylinder on the upstroke and force the water into the riser main on the down stroke. Water flows up the riser main and out of the spout at the top of the well head assembly. While the pump performance is much better than the European designed family pumps that were installed prior to this new design,

2904-406: The connecting rod which connects the pump handle to the pump cylinder at the bottom of the well. After a borehole is drilled, a well casing is inserted into the hole to prevent the erosion of the borehole walls. The India Mark II needs a borehole with a minimum diameter of 10 cm. The casing has a well screen to allow water to pass into the casing but keeps rocks and dirt out. A pump cylinder

2970-501: The developing world. UNICEF works directly with companies to improve their business practices, bringing them in line with obligations under international law , and ensuring that they respect children's rights in the realms of the marketplace, workplace, and the community. In 2012, UNICEF worked with Save the Children and The United Nations Global Compact to develop the Children's Rights and Business Principles and now these guidelines form

3036-473: The executive board and the UNICEF secretariat, and organizes field visits by board members. The following countries are home to UNICEF Regional Offices. There are national committees in 34 countries, each established as an independent local non-governmental organization . Their primary function is to raise funds from the private sector, as UNICEF is entirely dependent on voluntary contributions. National committees collectively account for about one-third of

3102-452: The fields of film, television, music, sports and beyond. They help raise awareness of the needs of children, and use their talent and status to fundraise, advocate, and educate on behalf of UNICEF. The old UNICEF World Warehouse is a large facility in Denmark , which hosts UNICEF deliverable goods as well as co-hosts emergency goods for United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and

3168-463: The five regional groups. These five officers are elected by the executive board annually from among its members, with the presidency rotating among the regional groups on an annual basis. As a matter of custom, permanent members of the Security Council do not serve as officers of the executive board. The office of the secretary of the executive board helps maintain an effective relationship between

3234-456: The following goals: Village-level operation and maintenance (pumps) Village Level Operation and Maintenance (VLOM) is an unofficial classification given to handpumps used in developing countries that require minimal maintenance or that can be done "at the village level." Not all maintenance and repair needs to be done by the villagers for a pump to be classed as a VLOM pump. VLOMM, or Village Level Operation and Management of Maintenance

3300-670: The future international organization. He also proposed a "health tax" paid by member states. At the 1948 dissolution of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) , Rajchman proposed to use its residual funds for a child-feeding program beneficiary of US funding. The organization was created by resolution 57(I) of the United Nations General Assembly on 11 December 1946 and named United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF). As its first chairman, Rajchman chose Maurice Pate of

3366-509: The installation of pumps, notable the India Mark II , that were difficult to maintain. VLOM pumps were designed to allow remote villages to maintain pumps themselves as part of a larger strategy to reduce the dependency of villages on government and donor agencies and provide more sustainable access to drinking water. The concept of Village Level Operation and Maintenance Management in relation to communal handpumps has gained wide acceptance in

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3432-525: The long-term needs of children and women, particularly in developing countries . In 1953, the organization became a permanent part of the United Nations System , and its name was changed to United Nations Children's Fund, though it retains the UNICEF acronym. UNICEF relies entirely on voluntary contributions from governments and private donors. Its total income as of 2023 was $ 8.37 billion; of which public-sector partners contributed $ 5.45 billion. It

3498-427: The most conventional such as teaching and nursing to the most unconventional like archery, bee-keeping, scrap management , often entering what has traditionally been a man's domain. Kids United , succeeded by Kids United Nouvelle Génération (Kids United New Generation), is a French musical group consisting of five children born between 2000 and 2009 (six children when the group was originally formed). Erza Muqoli

3564-563: The need to standardize pumps to reduce cost and ensure an adequate supply of replacement parts. The government of Uganda, for example, enforces the standardization by placing high tariffs on pumps other than a variant of the India Mark II, known as U2. The India Mark II is a Public Domain design handpump. The international design is maintained by the Rural Water Supply Network (RWSN): however India, Ghana (Ghana Modified) and Uganda (U2, U3, U3M) have their own national standards for

3630-714: The organization has been supported by Montblanc , working collaboratively to help the world's children getting better access to education. According to Vaccine News Daily , Merck & Co. partnered with UNICEF in June 2013 to decrease maternal mortality, HIV and tuberculosis prevalence in South Africa . Merck's program "Merck for Mothers" will give US$ 500 million worldwide for programs that improve health for expectant mothers and their children. In May 2010, Crucell N.V. announced an additional US$ 110 million award from UNICEF to supply its pentavalent pediatric vaccine Quinvaxem to

3696-483: The organization take place at its headquarters in New York City. Guiding and monitoring all of UNICEF's work is an executive board made up of 36 members who are government representatives. The board establishes policies, approves programs and decides on administrative and financial plans and budgets. Its work is coordinated by the bureau, comprising the president and four vice-presidents, each officer representing one of

3762-488: The organization's logo on the front of their shirts. Started in 2015, Kid Power is a division of UNICEF that was created as an effort to involve kids in helping other kids in need. UNICEF Kid Power developed the world's first "Wearable for Good" , called Kid Power Bands, which is a kids' fitness tracker bracelet that connects to a smartphone app. The app lets users complete missions, which counts total steps and awards points. The points then unlock funding from partners, which

3828-457: The other way around. It was also the first time in FC Barcelona's history that they have had another organization's name across the front of their uniform. In 2016, the team signed a new four-year sponsorship deal with UNICEF guaranteeing the organization £1.58 million per year and free advertising. From 2022 onwards, Barcelona has made a partnership with Swedish company Spotify and has since put

3894-477: The power of sport to raise awareness and funds for UNICEF's work protecting children in danger around the world. In addition to the general promotion of the charity at matches and events, the 2021 Rugby League World Cup Chief Executive has also stated that there will be an officially designated "UNICEF" game at some point during the Men's World Cup. UNICEF Ambassadors are leaders in the entertainment industry, representing

3960-452: The private sector to take up the role of importing and distributing spare parts. As a result, VLOM technology is increasingly seen as one amongst many components needed for the sustainable provision of village water supplies. Difficulties with the introduction of VLOM have called into question a number of inherent assumptions in the concept relating to the user community, the supporting environment and technology choice. Of particular importance

4026-592: The pump included the need for a design simple enough to be manufactured in unsophisticated workshops, easy to maintain, and costing no more than US$ 200 (in 1970s dollars). The Mark II was based on the Sholapur pump, the most durable pump at that time, designed by Swedish volunteer, engineer, and inventor Oscar Carlsson of the Sholapur Well Service, operating under the Mission Covenant Church of Sweden and

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4092-408: The pumps often remain broken. Longer lasting materials can be retrofitted to the India Mark II. PVC riser mains are less expensive and can last longer. PVC is much lighter, easier to work with and significantly reduce the cost of ownership of the well. PVC has had its own set of issues. In deeper wells, the pumping action can flex the PVC and cause cracking. The connecting rods can also wear through

4158-613: The rural water sector. Project and pump designs based on VLOM principles are now commonplace. However, implementation of handpump programs in accordance with VLOM criteria have been only partially successful and the VLOM approach to maintenance has been very difficult to realize in the field, especially in Africa. It was assumed that the private sector would take care of the distribution of spare parts, but most parts had to be imported and were difficult to get. Low profit margins on spares did not encourage

4224-573: The use of larger PVC riser mains to allow for the pump cylinder to be removed without lifting the rising main out of the borehole. This makes maintenance on the pumps easier but the initial cost for the pipes can be twice as much. Routine maintenance is still required and maintaining funds for replacement parts is still necessary. Without the need for a specialized pump mechanic these newer pump designs can provide longer lasting sustainable access to drinking water. Unfortunately, some countries have restricted importation and installation of these pumps citing

4290-450: Was a founding member. It was created to support UNICEF campaigns and is sponsored by Hélène Ségara and Corneille , two francophone singers. The first album, Un monde meilleur (A better world), was launched on Universal Children's Day in 2015 and received gold certification in France . The second album, Tout le bonheur du monde (All the happiness in the world), was released in 2016 and

4356-455: Was certified 2× platinum. The group released its third album in 2017, Forever United . After becoming Kids United Nouvelle Génération , it released its fourth album in 2018 Au bout de nos rêves (At the end of our dreams), and its fifth album in 2019, L'hymne de la vie (The hymn of life). The group remains active and has achieved great success within Francophonic countries. U-Report is

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