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32-684: Coordinates : 17°08′26″N 121°53′15″E / 17.140469°N 121.887574°E / 17.140469; 121.887574 World War II military tunnel in Isabela, Philippines Ilagan Japanese Tunnel Ilagan City , Isabela in Philippines [REDACTED] Coordinates 17°08′26″N 121°53′15″E / 17.140469°N 121.887574°E / 17.140469; 121.887574 Height 12 feet Length 40 meters Site information Open to the public February 16, 2016 Condition Not used by
64-502: A tan ϕ {\displaystyle \textstyle {\tan \beta ={\frac {b}{a}}\tan \phi }\,\!} ; for the GRS 80 and WGS 84 spheroids, b a = 0.99664719 {\textstyle {\tfrac {b}{a}}=0.99664719} . ( β {\displaystyle \textstyle {\beta }\,\!} is known as the reduced (or parametric) latitude ). Aside from rounding, this
96-456: A datum transformation such as a Helmert transformation , although in certain situations a simple translation may be sufficient. Datums may be global, meaning that they represent the whole Earth, or they may be local, meaning that they represent an ellipsoid best-fit to only a portion of the Earth. Examples of global datums include World Geodetic System (WGS 84, also known as EPSG:4326 ),
128-588: A point on Earth's surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses (often called great circles ), which converge at the North and South Poles. The meridian of the British Royal Observatory in Greenwich , in southeast London, England, is the international prime meridian , although some organizations—such as
160-473: A region of the surface of the Earth. Some newer datums are bound to the center of mass of the Earth. This combination of mathematical model and physical binding mean that anyone using the same datum will obtain the same location measurement for the same physical location. However, two different datums will usually yield different location measurements for the same physical location, which may appear to differ by as much as several hundred meters; this not because
192-411: Is 6,367,449 m . Since the Earth is an oblate spheroid , not spherical, that result can be off by several tenths of a percent; a better approximation of a longitudinal degree at latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } is where Earth's equatorial radius a {\displaystyle a} equals 6,378,137 m and tan β = b
224-475: Is 110.6 km. The circles of longitude, meridians, meet at the geographical poles, with the west–east width of a second naturally decreasing as latitude increases. On the Equator at sea level, one longitudinal second measures 30.92 m, a longitudinal minute is 1855 m and a longitudinal degree is 111.3 km. At 30° a longitudinal second is 26.76 m, at Greenwich (51°28′38″N) 19.22 m, and at 60° it
256-519: Is 15.42 m. On the WGS 84 spheroid, the length in meters of a degree of latitude at latitude ϕ (that is, the number of meters you would have to travel along a north–south line to move 1 degree in latitude, when at latitude ϕ ), is about The returned measure of meters per degree latitude varies continuously with latitude. Similarly, the length in meters of a degree of longitude can be calculated as (Those coefficients can be improved, but as they stand
288-452: Is known as a graticule . The origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km (390 mi) south of Tema , Ghana , a location often facetiously called Null Island . In order to use the theoretical definitions of latitude, longitude, and height to precisely measure actual locations on the physical earth, a geodetic datum must be used. A horizonal datum
320-715: Is the exact distance along a parallel of latitude; getting the distance along the shortest route will be more work, but those two distances are always within 0.6 m of each other if the two points are one degree of longitude apart. Like any series of multiple-digit numbers, latitude-longitude pairs can be challenging to communicate and remember. Therefore, alternative schemes have been developed for encoding GCS coordinates into alphanumeric strings or words: These are not distinct coordinate systems, only alternative methods for expressing latitude and longitude measurements. List of barangays in Ilagan#Barangay officials Ilagan ,
352-409: Is the simplest, oldest and most widely used of the various spatial reference systems that are in use, and forms the basis for most others. Although latitude and longitude form a coordinate tuple like a cartesian coordinate system , the geographic coordinate system is not cartesian because the measurements are angles and are not on a planar surface. A full GCS specification, such as those listed in
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#1732852163429384-465: Is used to precisely measure latitude and longitude, while a vertical datum is used to measure elevation or altitude. Both types of datum bind a mathematical model of the shape of the earth (usually a reference ellipsoid for a horizontal datum, and a more precise geoid for a vertical datum) to the earth. Traditionally, this binding was created by a network of control points , surveyed locations at which monuments are installed, and were only accurate for
416-741: The EPSG and ISO 19111 standards, also includes a choice of geodetic datum (including an Earth ellipsoid ), as different datums will yield different latitude and longitude values for the same location. The invention of a geographic coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene , who composed his now-lost Geography at the Library of Alexandria in the 3rd century BC. A century later, Hipparchus of Nicaea improved on this system by determining latitude from stellar measurements rather than solar altitude and determining longitude by timings of lunar eclipses , rather than dead reckoning . In
448-471: The International Date Line , which diverges from it in several places for political and convenience reasons, including between far eastern Russia and the far western Aleutian Islands . The combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The visual grid on a map formed by lines of latitude and longitude
480-515: The 1st or 2nd century, Marinus of Tyre compiled an extensive gazetteer and mathematically plotted world map using coordinates measured east from a prime meridian at the westernmost known land, designated the Fortunate Isles , off the coast of western Africa around the Canary or Cape Verde Islands , and measured north or south of the island of Rhodes off Asia Minor . Ptolemy credited him with
512-499: The Earth's surface move relative to each other due to continental plate motion, subsidence, and diurnal Earth tidal movement caused by the Moon and the Sun. This daily movement can be as much as a meter. Continental movement can be up to 10 cm a year, or 10 m in a century. A weather system high-pressure area can cause a sinking of 5 mm . Scandinavia is rising by 1 cm a year as a result of
544-708: The European ED50 , and the British OSGB36 . Given a location, the datum provides the latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } and longitude λ {\displaystyle \lambda } . In the United Kingdom there are three common latitude, longitude, and height systems in use. WGS 84 differs at Greenwich from the one used on published maps OSGB36 by approximately 112 m. The military system ED50 , used by NATO , differs from about 120 m to 180 m. Points on
576-524: The French Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière —continue to use other meridians for internal purposes. The prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres , although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E. This is not to be conflated with
608-648: The Philippines Military history of the Philippines during World War II Isabela (province) Ilagan Hidden categories: Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata Coordinates on Wikidata Geographic coordinate system A geographic coordinate system ( GCS ) is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude and longitude . It
640-566: The center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels , as they are parallel to the Equator and to each other. The North Pole is 90° N; the South Pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the Equator , the fundamental plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The Equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres . The longitude λ of
672-613: The default datum used for the Global Positioning System , and the International Terrestrial Reference System and Frame (ITRF), used for estimating continental drift and crustal deformation . The distance to Earth's center can be used both for very deep positions and for positions in space. Local datums chosen by a national cartographical organization include the North American Datum ,
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#1732852163429704-490: The distance they give is correct within a centimeter.) The formulae both return units of meters per degree. An alternative method to estimate the length of a longitudinal degree at latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } is to assume a spherical Earth (to get the width per minute and second, divide by 60 and 3600, respectively): where Earth's average meridional radius M r {\displaystyle \textstyle {M_{r}}\,\!}
736-468: The full adoption of longitude and latitude, rather than measuring latitude in terms of the length of the midsummer day. Ptolemy's 2nd-century Geography used the same prime meridian but measured latitude from the Equator instead. After their work was translated into Arabic in the 9th century, Al-Khwārizmī 's Book of the Description of the Earth corrected Marinus' and Ptolemy's errors regarding
768-749: The length of the Mediterranean Sea , causing medieval Arabic cartography to use a prime meridian around 10° east of Ptolemy's line. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes ' recovery of Ptolemy's text a little before 1300; the text was translated into Latin at Florence by Jacopo d'Angelo around 1407. In 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference , attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt
800-461: The location has moved, but because the reference system used to measure it has shifted. Because any spatial reference system or map projection is ultimately calculated from latitude and longitude, it is crucial that they clearly state the datum on which they are based. For example, a UTM coordinate based on WGS84 will be different than a UTM coordinate based on NAD27 for the same location. Converting coordinates from one datum to another requires
832-579: The longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich , England as the zero-reference line. The Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911. The latitude ϕ of a point on Earth's surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through (or close to)
864-460: The melting of the ice sheets of the last ice age , but neighboring Scotland is rising by only 0.2 cm . These changes are insignificant if a local datum is used, but are statistically significant if a global datum is used. On the GRS 80 or WGS 84 spheroid at sea level at the Equator, one latitudinal second measures 30.715 m , one latitudinal minute is 1843 m and one latitudinal degree
896-589: The military, converted to a tourism site Site history Battles/wars World War II The Ilagan Japanese Tunnel is a war tunnel that was part of a military base built by the Japanese government as headquarters for its soldiers during World War II. It is found in barangay Santo Tomas in Ilagan , Isabela . It is one of the few remaining tunnels in the province. It measures about 40 meters in length and slightly over three meters in width and height. The real size of
928-535: The most populous city in the Isabela , is politically subdivided into 91 barangays . There are currently 13 barangays of Ilagan City's that are classified as urban. These barangays are grouped into four clusters: Poblacion, Eastern, Western, and San Antonio. List below shows the latest population census (as of 2020), economic class, land area, and the current Barangay Captains ( Punong Barangay ), and SK chairpersons serving their terms from 2023 to 2025, considered as
960-571: The shortest term of office. Gaylor M. Malunay from barangay Cabeseria 3, is the current president of the Liga ng mga Barangay (LNB). Errol John R. Nebalasca from barangay Santa Isabel Sur, is the current president of SK Federation. Each barangays has seven barangay kagawad, and seven SK kagawad to form the barangay council. Also includes Barangay Justice System as the Lupon Tagapamayapa . Barangay tanods serve as barangay police officers. As of
992-441: The tunnel, however, has yet to be determined as the site has yet to be fully checked and explored. References [ edit ] ^ "Restored Ilagan Japanese War Tunnel - ATBP Philippines | At iba pa" . www.atbp.ph . 31 March 2016 . Retrieved 2018-05-10 . ^ "Travel diaries: Discovering Isabela's rich history" . Rappler . Retrieved 2018-05-10 . ^ "A 'Biyahe ni Drew' itinerary: Beyond
Ilagan Japanese Tunnel - Misplaced Pages Continue
1024-2992: The vast rice and corn fields of Isabela" . GMA News Online . Retrieved 2018-05-10 . The tunnel becomes the latest travel destinations of the north. ^ "LOOK: Japanese war tunnel among latest travel destinations up north" . GMA News Online . Retrieved 2018-05-10 . v t e City of Ilagan Isabela , Cagayan Valley , Philippines Tourism Ilagan River Ilagan Japanese Tunnel Ilagan Sports Complex Fuyot Springs National Park (Ilagan Sanctuary) Government Mayors Vice Mayors Councilors Barangay Officials SK Officials Barangays Poblacion Alibagu Baculud Bagumbayan Baligatan Calamagui 1st Calamagui 2nd Camunatan Centro Poblacion Fugu Guinatan Imelda Bliss Village Malalam Osmeña San Felipe San Vicente Santa Barbara Santo Tomas Eastern Alinguigan 1st Alinguigan 2nd Alinguigan 3rd Ballacong Bangang Batong-Labang Cadu Capellan Capo Fuyo Manaring Marana 1st Marana 2nd Marana 3rd Minabang Morado Nanaguan Pasa Quimalabasa Rang-ayan Rugao San Andres San Isidro San Juan San Lorenzo San Pablo San Rodrigo Santa Catalina Santa Victoria Sipay Tangcul Western Arusip Bagong Silang Bigao Cabannungan 1st Cabannungan 2nd Carikkikan Norte Carikkikan Sur Lullutan Malasin Mangcuram Naguilian Norte Naguilian Sur Pilar San Ignacio Santa Isabel Norte Santa Isabel Sur Siffu San Antonio Aggasian Cabeseria 10 Cabeseria 14 & 16 Cabeseria 17 & 21 Cabeseria 19 Cabeseria 22 Cabeseria 23 Cabeseria 25 Cabeseria 27 Cabeseria 2 Cabeseria 3 Cabeseria 4 Cabeseria 5 Cabeseria 6 & 24 Cabeseria 7 Cabeseria 8 Cabeseria 9 & 11 Centro-San Antonio Gayong-gayong Norte Gayong-gayong Sur Namnama Paliueg Salindingan Sindon Bayabo Sindon Maride Villa Imelda Education Elementary List of Elementary Schools High School List of High Schools Isabela National High School Isabela School of Arts and Trades Technical Schools Chronicles Institute of Isabela Isabela Provincial Training Center Isabela School of Arts and Trades (ISAT) Far East Computer Technology Colleges City of Ilagan Colleges Saint Ferdinand College Universities Isabela State University-Ilagan Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilagan_Japanese_Tunnel&oldid=1235224412 " Categories : Tunnels in
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