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21-684: [REDACTED] Look up Ἴκαρος in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Ikaros may refer to: IKAROS , a Japanese satellite Ikaros (island) , an island in the Aegean Sea Ikaros (Failaka Island) , an ancient Greek city in the Persian Gulf Ikaros (mythology) , a figure in Greek mythology Ikaros, a character in Heaven's Lost Property Ikaros,

42-519: A new era of testing theoretical predictions of quantum gravity , including those by the superstring theory . The science goal of LiteBIRD is to measure the CMB polarization over the entire sky with the sensitivity of δr <0.001, which allows testing the major single-field slow-roll inflation models experimentally. The design concept is being studied by an international team of scientists from Japan, U.S., Canada and Europe. In order to separate CMB from

63-520: A signal from IKAROS and concluded that the spacecraft had shifted to the hibernation mode for the fifth time, as expected. Based on the last data received during May 2015, the position of IKAROS at the time was about 110 million kilometers away from the Earth, and about 130 million kilometers from the Sun. From the gamma-ray polarization data of GAP, Toma et al. put a stricter limit on CPT violation . It

84-427: A total sail mass of 2 kilograms (4.4 lb), excluding tip masses, attached panels and tethers. A thin-film solar array is embedded in the sail (key item 4 in figure at right). PowerFilm, Inc. provided the thin-film solar array. Eighty blocks of LCD panels are embedded in the sail, whose reflectance can be adjusted for attitude control (key item 2 in figure at right). The sail also contains eight dust counters on

105-554: A transcription factor encoded by the human IKZF1 gene See also [ edit ] Icarus (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Ikaros . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ikaros&oldid=1189699716 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

126-463: Is an improvement of eight orders of magnitude over previous limits. JAXA scientists stated on 9 July 2010 that the measured thrust force by the solar radiation pressure on IKAROS' 196 m sail is 1.12 millinewtons. LiteBIRD LiteBIRD and OKEANOS were the two finalists for Japan's second Large-Class Mission. In May 2019, LiteBIRD was selected by the Japanese space agency . LiteBIRD

147-486: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages IKAROS IKAROS ( Interplanetary Kite-craft Accelerated by Radiation Of the Sun ) is a Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency ( JAXA ) experimental spacecraft. The spacecraft was launched on 20 May 2010, aboard an H-IIA rocket, together with the Akatsuki (Venus Climate Orbiter) probe and four other small spacecraft. IKAROS

168-626: Is planned to be launched in 2032 with an H3 launch vehicle for three years of observations at the Sun-Earth Lagrangian point L2. Cosmological inflation is the leading theory of the first instant of the universe , called the Big Bang theory . Inflation postulates that the universe underwent a period of rapid expansion an instant after its formation, and it provides a convincing explanation for cosmological observations. Inflation predicts that primordial gravitational waves were created during

189-471: Is the first spacecraft to successfully demonstrate solar sail technology in interplanetary space. The craft's name is an allusion to the legendary Icarus ( Ancient Greek : Ἴκαρος , Ikaros ), who flew close to the Sun on wings made of bird-feathers and wax. On 8 December 2010, IKAROS flew by Venus at a distance of 80,800 km (50,200 mi), successfully completing its planned mission, and entered its extended operation phase. The IKAROS probe

210-461: Is the world's first spacecraft to use solar sailing as the main propulsion. It was designed to demonstrate four key technologies (comments in parentheses refer to figure): The mission also includes investigations of aspects of interplanetary space, such as gamma-ray bursts , solar wind and cosmic dust . The probe's ALADDIN instrument (ALDN-S and ALDN-E) measured the variation in dust density while its Gamma-Ray Burst Polarimeter (GAP) measured

231-633: The polarization of gamma-ray bursts during its six-month cruise. IKAROS was to be followed by a 40 by 40 metres (130 ft × 130 ft) sail, the Jupiter Trojan Asteroid Explorer , which was intended to journey to Jupiter and the Trojan asteroids , with a proposed goal of returning an asteroid sample to Earth in the 2050s. The Jupiter Trojan Asteroid Explorer was a finalist for Japan's Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS)' 2nd Large Mission Class. The winning mission

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252-711: The galactic emission, the measurements will cover 40 GHz to 400 GHz during a 3-year full sky survey using two telescopes on LiteBIRD . The Low Frequency Telescope (LFT) covers 40 GHz to 235 GHz, and the High Frequency Telescope (HFT) covers 280 GHz to 400 GHz. LFT has a 400 mm aperture Crossed-Dragone telescope, and HFT has a 200 mm aperture on-axis refractor with two silicon lenses. The baseline design considers an array of 2,622 superconducting polarimetric detectors. The entire optical system will be cooled down to approximately 5 K (−268.15 °C; −450.67 °F) to minimize

273-520: The inflationary era, about 10 second after the beginning of the universe. The primordial gravitational waves are expected to be imprinted in the CMB polarization map as special patterns, called the B-mode . Measurements of polarization of the CMB radiation are considered as the best probe to detect the primordial gravitational waves, that could bring a profound knowledge on how the Universe began, and may open

294-543: The opposite face as part of the science payload. IKAROS was successfully launched together with Akatsuki (the Venus Climate Orbiter) aboard an H-IIA rocket from the Tanegashima Space Center on 21 May 2010. IKAROS spun at 20–25 revolutions per minute and finished unfurling its sail on 10 June 2010. The craft contains two tiny ejectable cameras, DCAM1 and DCAM2. DCAM2 was used to photograph

315-624: The reflectivity of the 80 liquid crystal panels at the outer edge of the sail so that the sunlight pressure would produce torque. IKAROS continues to spin at approximately 2 rpm , requiring the LCD panels to be cycled at that rate for attitude control. According to JAXA, IKAROS finished all planned experiments in Dec 2010, but the mission continued beyond that date "in order to enhance the skill of controlling solar sail". On 30 November 2012, JAXA announced that IKAROS had been recognized by Guinness World Records as

336-454: The sail after deployment on 14 July 2010. Acceleration and attitude control (orientation) were successfully tested during the remaining six-month voyage to Venus. On 9 July 2010, JAXA confirmed that IKAROS was being accelerated by its solar sail, and on 23 July announced successful attitude control. Over a 23-hour period of time, the solar angle of the sail was changed by a half a degree, not by using thrusters, but by dynamically controlling

357-435: The spacecraft flying at a distance of about 230 million kilometers from the Earth. By May 2014, IKAROS was on a ten-month orbit around the Sun, spending seven months of each orbit in hibernation mode due to insufficient power. By 23 April 2015, the spacecraft woke up from hibernation mode for the 4th time and was flying at a distance of about 120 million kilometers from the Earth. On 21 May 2015, JAXA could not receive

378-473: The world's first solar sail spacecraft between planets, and that its two separated cameras, DCAM1 and DCAM2, had been recognized as the smallest size of a spacecraft flying between planets. As of 2012, the IKAROS continued to spin, but its attitude control had degraded. This resulted in unexpected sail motions and as a result, downlink through the medium-gain antenna was only intermittently available. The project team

399-401: Was LiteBIRD . The square sail, deployed via a spinning motion using 0.5-kilogram (1.1 lb) tip masses (key item 1 in figure at right), is 20 m (66 ft) on the diagonal and is made of a 7.5-micrometre (0.00030 in) thick sheet of polyimide (key item 3 in figure at right). The polyimide sheet had a mass of about 10 grams per square metre (0.033 oz/sq ft), resulting in

420-594: Was around the predicted time of the spacecraft again entering a low-power hibernation mode as power from the solar panels decreased. Available communication time through the Usuda Deep Space Center antenna was limited, so data was gathered only intermittently to estimate the speed, trajectory and rotation of the satellite. As of August 2013, acceleration from the IKAROS sail had changed the craft's speed by approximately 400 metres per second (890 mph) in total. Transmissions were again received on 22 May 2014,

441-422: Was dissolved on 28 March 2013, although a trial receipt of data was planned for a later date. The project was reactivated on 20 June 2013 in the expectation that the satellite would wake up from a hibernation state as more power from the solar panels became available. The team was able to receive telemetry from the IKAROS between 20 June and 12 September 2013, after which contact was again lost. The loss of contact

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