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57-545: When root beer (sarsaparilla for Australia and New Zealand) and vanilla ice cream are used, the beverage is typically referred to as a root beer (sarsaparilla) float (United States and Canada). A close variation is the coke float , using cola . The ice cream float was invented by Robert M. Green in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania , in 1874 during the Franklin Institute 's semicentennial celebration. The traditional story

114-612: A "malted" or "malt" and became one of the most popular soda-fountain drinks. The automation of milkshakes developed in the 1930s, after the invention of freon -cooled refrigerators provided a safe, reliable way of automatically making and dispensing ice cream. In 1936, inventor Earl Prince used the basic concept behind the Freon-cooled automated ice cream machine to develop the Multimixer, a "five-spindled mixer that could produce five milkshakes at once, all automatically, and dispense them at

171-524: A creamy, bottled drink. This drink is prepared similarly to a chocolate ice cream soda, but with strawberry syrup and strawberry (or vanilla) ice cream used instead. In Brazil, a vaca amarela (yellow cow) or vaca dourada (golden cow) is an ice cream soda combination of vanilla ice cream and orange or guaraná soda, respectively. At least in Brazil and Portugal , a non-alcoholic ice cream soda made by combining vanilla or chocolate ice cream and Coca-Cola

228-480: A float made with root beer and chocolate ice cream is a "chocolate cow" or a "brown cow". In some places a "black cow" or a "brown cow" was made with cola instead of root beer. In 2008, the Dr Pepper Snapple Group introduced its Float beverage line. This includes A&W Root Beer, A&W Cream Soda and Sunkist flavors which attempt to simulate the taste of their respective ice cream float flavors in

285-473: A glass of Vernors. Later, vanilla ice cream was substituted for the cream and blended like a milkshake . The local myth, that it was named after Detroit's Boston Boulevard, is belied by the fact that Boston Boulevard did not exist at the time. It remains a popular summer drink in the Detroit area. This ice cream soda starts with approximately 1 oz of chocolate syrup , then several scoops of chocolate ice cream in

342-475: A melon half. The name was also applied to a number of different ice-cream float combinations, including root beer , though ginger ale became the most common soft drink component. By the 1880s a version of the Boston cooler was being served in Detroit by Sanders Confectionery , made with Sanders' ice cream and Vernors. Originally, a drink called a Vernors Cream was served as a shot or two of sweet cream poured into

399-525: A milkshake", thereby "asserting womanhood over girlhood through milkshake's associations with virginity". Similarly, the socially awkward character Steve Buscemi plays in Ghost World is made fun of by a teenage girl because he orders a "virginal vanilla milkshake"; in Manhattan , by director Woody Allen , the director draws attention to the difference in age between his 42-year-old character (he also acts in

456-610: A more general context, a purple cow may refer to a non-carbonated grape juice and vanilla ice cream combination. Grapico , a brand of grape soda bottled in Birmingham, Alabama , is ubiquitously linked to ice cream floats in that state. The soda is named after Gelett Burgess 's 1895 nonsense poem Purple Cow . Also known as a "black cow" or "brown cow", the root beer float is traditionally made with vanilla ice cream and root beer, but it can also be made with other ice cream flavors. Frank J. Wisner, owner of Colorado's Cripple Creek Brewing,

513-499: A natural, long lasting foam, a characteristic feature of the beverage. Root beer was originally carbonated by fermentation. As demand and technology changed, carbonated water was used. Some manufacturers used small amounts of starch (e.g. from cassava ) with natural surfactants to reproduce the familiar foaming character of sassafras-based root beer. Some brands of root beer have distinctive foaming behaviors, which has been used as part of their marketing identity. Commercial root beer

570-514: A soft drink (usually root beer). Variations of ice cream floats are as countless as the varieties of drinks and the flavors of ice cream, but some have become more prominent than others. Some of the most popular are described below: In 2014, The Wizarding World of Harry Potter themed area at the Universal Orlando debuted the drink composed of the ingredients brown sugar and butter syrup mixed with cream soda and whipped cream based on

627-411: A spoon. Milkshakes may be made from any flavor of ice cream; additional flavorings, such as chocolate syrup , malt syrup , or malted milk powder, are often added prior to mixing. Many fast food outlets do not make shakes from the individual ingredients; rather, they use automatic milkshake machines which freeze and serve a pre-made milkshake mixture consisting of milk, a sweetened flavoring agent, and

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684-413: A tall glass. Unflavored carbonated water is added until the glass is filled and the resulting foam rises above the top of the glass. The final touch is a topping of whipped cream and usually, a maraschino cherry . This variation of ice cream soda was available at local soda fountains and nationally, at Dairy Queen stores for many years. A similar soda made with chocolate syrup but vanilla ice cream

741-534: A thick and foamy head . A common use is to add vanilla ice cream to make a root beer float . Since safrole , a key component of sassafras, was banned by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 1960 due to its carcinogenicity , most commercial root beers have been flavored using artificial sassafras flavoring, but a few (e.g. Hansen's) use a safrole-free sassafras extract. Major root beer producers include PepsiCo , Coca-Cola Company , Dad's , Keurig Dr. Pepper , and A&W . Root beer has been drunk in

798-481: A thick, sweet, cold mixture. It may also be made using a base made from non-dairy products, including plant milks such as almond milk , coconut milk , or soy milk . Dry ingredients such as whole fruit, nuts , seeds , candy , or cookies may be incorporated. Milkshakes originated in the United States around the turn of the 20th century, and grew in popularity following the introduction of electric blenders in

855-433: A thickening agent. These are similar to soft-serve ice cream machines, but they keep the shake at a drinkable consistency. Terminology around the distinction between a milkshake that uses ice cream and other forms of flavored milk varies regionally. An ice cream-based milkshake may be called a thick shake to distinguish it. In parts of New England and eastern Canada, the name frappe ( / f r æ p / FRAP )

912-526: A time gone by". Muller stated that milkshakes are an "enormously profitable" item for restaurants, since the drinks contain so much air. The market research firm Technomic states that about 75% of the average-priced $ 3.38 restaurant shake in 2006 was profit. An executive from Sonic Drive-In , a U.S. chain of 1950s-style diner restaurants, calls shakes "one of our highest-volume, revenue-producing areas". A 2016 article stated that chefs are trying out innovative ideas with milkshakes to keep customers interested in

969-418: A visual shorthand for themes of purity, innocence, and uncorrupted youth, representing them as embodiments of 'sweetness and goodness. In All About Eve , by director Joseph L. Mankiewicz , Bette Davis 's character is unhappy to see a man she likes chatting up her young female assistant, so Davis's character orders an alcoholic Martini , and "then mockingly suggests [that] Eve [the young assistant] will have

1026-448: Is credited with creating the first root beer float on August 19, 1893. The similarly flavored soft drink birch beer may also be used instead of root beer. In the United States and Canada, the chain A&;W Restaurants are well known for their root beer floats. The definition of a black cow varies by region. For instance, in some localities, a "root beer float" has strictly vanilla ice cream;

1083-468: Is known as vaca-preta ("black cow"). Root beer Root beer is a sweet North American soft drink traditionally made using the root bark of the sassafras tree Sassafras albidum or the vine of Smilax ornata (known as sarsaparilla; also used to make a soft drink called sarsaparilla ) as the primary flavor. Root beer is typically, but not exclusively, non-alcoholic , caffeine-free , sweet, and carbonated . Like cola , it usually has

1140-503: Is known as " helado flotante " ("floating ice cream") or " flotante ". In El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Colombia, it is called " vaca negra " (black cow); in Brazil, " vaca preta "; and in Puerto Rico, a "black out". In the United States, an "ice cream soda" typically refers to the drink containing soda water, syrup, and ice cream, whereas a "float" is generally ice cream in

1197-486: Is known as a "spider" because once the carbonation hits the ice cream it forms a spider web-like reaction. It is traditionally made using either lime or pink cream soda . In the UK and Ireland, it is usually referred to as an "ice-cream float" or simply a "float," as "soda" is usually taken to mean soda water . Sweetened carbonated drinks are instead collectively called "soft drinks," "(fizzy) pop," or "fizzy juice." In Mexico, it

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1254-425: Is no longer used in commercially produced root beer and is sometimes replaced with artificial flavors, natural extracts with the safrole distilled and removed are available. One traditional recipe for making root beer involves cooking a syrup from molasses and water, letting the syrup cool for three hours, and combining it with the root ingredients (including sassafras root, sassafras bark, and wintergreen ). Yeast

1311-712: Is now produced in Canada and every U.S. state. Although this beverage's popularity is greatest in North America, some brands are produced in or imported by other countries, including Australia, the United Kingdom, Malaysia, Argentina, Germany, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, South Korea, Indonesia, Sweden, Vietnam, and Thailand. The flavor of these beverages may vary from typical North American versions, or be similar to those found in North America. While no standard recipe exists,

1368-429: Is often thickened, foamed or carbonated. Most major brands other than Barq's are caffeine -free (Barq's contains about 1.8 mg of caffeine per fluid ounce). Root beer can be made at home with processed extract obtained from a factory, or it can also be made from herbs and roots that have not yet been processed. Alcoholic and non-alcoholic traditional root beers make a thick and foamy head when poured, often enhanced by

1425-495: Is popular in New Orleans and parts of Ohio , made with a syrup consisting of equal parts almond and vanilla syrups mixed with sweetened condensed milk and a touch of red food coloring to produce a pink, opalescent syrup base for the soda. In the context of ice cream soda, a purple cow is vanilla ice cream in purple grape soda. The Purple Cow, a restaurant chain in the southern United States, features this and similar beverages. In

1482-647: Is something good to which ice cream has been added. Example par excellence is frosted coffee –that hot, tasty beverage made chilly with ice and frosty with ice cream." By the 1950s, popular places to drink milkshakes were Woolworth's "5 & 10" lunch counters , diners, burger joints, and drugstore soda fountains . These establishments often prominently displayed a shining chrome or stainless steel milkshake mixing machine. These establishments made milkshakes in Hamilton Beach or similar styles of drink mixers, which had spindles and agitators that folded air into

1539-400: Is sometimes called a "black and white" ice cream soda. In Japan, an ice cream float known as a cream soda is made with vanilla ice cream and melon soda , often topped with a single maraschino cherry . In Mexico, popular versions are made from coca-cola with coconut and Kahlúa ice cream, from chocolate coca-cola with vanilla ice cream, and from red wine with lemon ice cream. This variant

1596-474: Is still well-known today. Safrole , the aromatic oil found in sassafras roots and bark that gave traditional root beer its distinctive flavor, was banned in commercially mass-produced foods and drugs by the FDA in 1960. Laboratory animals that were given oral doses of sassafras tea or sassafras oil that contained large doses of safrole developed permanent liver damage or various types of cancer . While sassafras

1653-572: Is that, on a particularly hot day, Green ran out of ice for the flavored drinks he was selling and instead used vanilla ice cream from a neighboring vendor, inventing a new drink. His own account, published in Soda Fountain magazine in 1910, states that while operating a soda fountain at the celebration, he wanted to create a new treat to attract customers away from another vendor who had a larger, fancier soda fountain. After some experimentation, he decided to combine ice cream and flavored soda. During

1710-499: Is used to make the beverage brown. Ingredients in early and traditional root beers include allspice, birch bark, coriander , juniper , ginger , wintergreen, hops, burdock root, dandelion root, spikenard , pipsissewa , guaiacum chips, sarsaparilla, spicewood, wild cherry bark, yellow dock , prickly ash bark, sassafras root, vanilla beans, dog grass, molasses and licorice. Many of these ingredients are still used in traditional and commercially produced root beer today, which

1767-482: Is used. Rhode Island residents sometimes refer to milkshakes as "cabinets". A milkshake containing malted milk powder is sometimes called a malt . The term concrete is used for particularly thick milkshakes that do not spill when turned upside down, such as those offered by the restaurant chain Culver's . In some jurisdictions there are legal requirements about what can be called a "milkshake", such as requirements for

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1824-549: The originally fictional drink served at Hogsmeade . In 2016, Starbucks debuted the Smoked Butterbeer Frappuccino Latte . A beer float is made of Guinness stout, chocolate ice cream, and espresso. Although the Shakin' Jesse version is blended into more of a milkshake consistency, most restaurant bars can make the beer float version. When making at home, the beer and espresso should be very cold so as to not melt

1881-435: The " milkshaking " of Tommy Robinson , with a second thrown later that month. The UK police requested that an Edinburgh McDonald's refrain from selling milkshakes on May 17 during a visit by Nigel Farage . This prompted Burger King to tweet in response: "We're selling milkshakes all weekend. Have fun." Burger King's tweet was later banned by the UK's Advertising Standards Authority , because they felt that it "condoned

1938-513: The 1930s, milkshakes were a popular drink at malt shops, which were the "typical soda fountain of the period ... used by students as a meeting place or hangout". The history of the electric blender, malted milk drinks, and milkshakes are interconnected. Before the widespread availability of electric blenders, milkshake-type drinks were more like eggnog, or they were a hand-shaken mixture of crushed ice and milk, sugar, and flavorings. Hamilton Beach introduced its Cyclone Drink Mixer in 1910, and it

1995-470: The 1950s, a milkshake machine salesman named Ray Kroc bought exclusive rights to the 1930s-era Multimixer milkshake maker from inventor Earl Prince, and went on to use automated milkshake machines to speed up production at McDonald's restaurants. Milkshakes had also become popular in other parts of the world, including the United Kingdom and Australia. In Australia, milk bars had grown popular and milkshakes were normally served lightly whipped and often in

2052-448: The United States since at least the eighteenth century. It has been sold in confectionery stores since at least the 1840s, and written recipes for root beer have been documented since the 1830s. In the nineteenth century, it was often consumed hot and was often used with medicinal intent . It was combined with soda as early as the 1850s; at that time it was sold as a syrup rather than a ready-made beverage. Beyond its aromatic qualities,

2109-515: The addition of yucca extract, soybean protein, or other thickeners. Alcoholic root beers produced in the 2000s have included Small Town Brewery 's Not Your Father's Root Beer; Coney Island Brewing Co. 's hard root beer; and Best Damn Brewing Co.'s Best Damn Root Beer. Milkshake A milkshake (sometimes simply called a shake ) is a sweet beverage made by blending milk, ice cream , and flavorings or sweeteners such as butterscotch , caramel sauce, chocolate syrup , or fruit syrup into

2166-505: The aluminum or stainless steel cups in which they were prepared. In addition to more traditional flavors, spearmint and lime-flavored milkshakes became popular in Australia. In 2006, the U.S. Agricultural Research Service developed reduced-sugar, low-fat milk shakes for lunch programs. The shakes have half the sugar and only 10% of the fat of commercial fast-food shakes. Schools need a milk shake machine or soft-serve ice cream machine to serve

2223-676: The celebration, he sold vanilla ice cream with soda and a choice of 16 flavored syrups. The new treat was a sensation and soon other soda fountains began selling ice cream floats. Green's will instructed that "Originator of the Ice Cream Soda" was to be engraved on his tombstone. There are at least three other claimants for the invention of the root beer (sarsaparilla)float: Fred Sanders, Philip Mohr, and George Guy , one of Robert Green's own employees. Guy claimed to have absentmindedly mixed ice cream and soda in 1872, much to his customers' delight . In Australia and New Zealand, an ice cream float

2280-513: The drinks for "smooth, fluffy results" and served them in 12 + 1 ⁄ 2 -US-fluid-ounce (370 ml) tall glasses with bulbous top. Soda fountain staff had their own jargon, such as "Burn One All the Way" (chocolate malted with chocolate ice cream), "Twist It, Choke It, and Make It Cackle" (chocolate malted with an egg), "Shake One in the Hay" (a strawberry shake), and a "White Cow" (a vanilla milkshake). In

2337-503: The drinks. The article noted that coffee-flavored shakes are popular "because it complements both sweet and savory" dishes. Another trend is using different types of milk, such as almond milk , coconut milk , soy milk , or hemp milk . In May 2019, during the build-up to the EU parliament elections in the United Kingdom , the throwing of milkshakes emerged as a protest tactic, usually targeting right-wing politicians. The movement originated with

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2394-459: The ice cream Today, a Boston cooler is typically composed of Vernors ginger ale and vanilla ice cream. The first reference to a Boston cooler appears in the St. Louis Post Dispatch where a New York bartender claimed to have coined the phrase for a summer cocktail of sarsaparilla and ginger ale. In the 1910s, the term was applied in soda fountains and ice cream parlors to a scoop of ice cream served in

2451-456: The lead role) and his teenage girlfriend by having her drink a milkshake. In the film Lolita in 1997, a teenage girl drinks a milkshake while she is with the middle-aged man (her mother's new boyfriend) who is attracted to her. The characters from Archie Comics are often depicted drinking milkshakes. The TV series Riverdale , inspired by the comics, depicts the characters in a 1950s-inspired local diner, Pop's Chock'lit Shoppe; to promote

2508-535: The medicinal benefits of sassafras were well known to both Native Americans and Europeans, and druggists began marketing root beer for its medicinal qualities. Pharmacist Charles Elmer Hires was the first to successfully market a commercial brand of root beer. Hires developed his root tea made from sassafras in 1875, debuted a commercial version of root beer at the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition in 1876, and began selling his extract. Hires

2565-572: The milkshakes. The milkshakes also have added fiber and other nutrients and reduced levels of lactose , which makes the shakes suitable for some people with Lactose intolerance . U.S. sales of milkshakes, malts, and floats rose 11% in 2006, according to the industry research firm NPD Group. Christopher Muller, the director of the Center for Multi-Unit Restaurant Management at Orlando's University of Central Florida said that "milkshakes remind us of summer, youth – and indulgence", and "they're evocative of

2622-482: The percentage presence of milk fat and non-fat milk solids . Because of this, it is common for restaurants to avoid using the term "milkshake" to refer to their products, such as simply calling them "shakes" rather than "milkshakes". Fast food restaurants that do not refer to their similar products as "milkshakes" include Wendy's (which calls their product a " Frosty "), Burger King , Dairy Queen , Del Taco , McDonald's , Shake Shack , and Sonic Drive-In . When

2679-498: The previous anti-social behaviour and encouraged further instances", and that it was therefore an "irresponsible" advertisement. At a separate visit in Newcastle on May 20, Farage had a Five Guys milkshake thrown at him. Carl Benjamin had a total of four milkshakes thrown at him that week. The act of milkshaking is similar to that of egging as a form of protest against political figures. Filmmakers sometimes utilize milkshakes as

2736-432: The primary ingredients in modern root beer are filtered water, sugar, and safrole-free sassafras extract, which complements other flavors. Common flavorings are vanilla , caramel , wintergreen , black cherry bark, licorice root , sarsaparilla root , nutmeg , acacia , anise , molasses , cinnamon , sweet birch , and honey . Soybean protein or yucca are sometimes used to create a foamy quality, and caramel coloring

2793-616: The pull of a lever into awaiting paper cups". Newspaper articles from the late 1930s suggest the term 'frosted' was sometimes used to refer to milkshakes, particularly those made with ice cream. In 1937, the Denton Journal in Maryland stated that "For a 'frosted' shake, add a dash of your favorite ice cream." In 1939, the Mansfield News in Ohio stated that "A frosted beverage, in the vernacular,

2850-425: The subsequent two decades. They became a common part of youth popular culture, as ice cream shops were a culturally acceptable meeting place for youth, and milkshakes became symbolic of the innocence of youth. Full-service restaurants, ice cream shops , soda fountains , and diners usually prepare the shake in a milkshake machine . At home, a blender is more commonly used. Milkshakes can also be mixed by hand using

2907-494: The taste, and malted milk beverages containing milk, chocolate syrup, and malt powder became a standard offering at soda fountains . In 1922, Walgreens employee Ivar "Pop" Coulson made a milkshake by adding two scoops of vanilla ice cream to the standard malted milk drink recipe. This item, under the name "Horlick's Malted Milk", was featured by the Walgreen drugstore chain as part of a chocolate milkshake, which itself became known as

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2964-437: The term milkshake was first used in print in 1885, a milkshake was an alcoholic whiskey drink that has been described as a "sturdy, healthful eggnog type of drink, with eggs, whiskey, etc., served as a tonic as well as a treat". However, by 1900, the term referred to "wholesome drinks made with chocolate, strawberry , or vanilla syrups ". By the "early 1900s people were asking for the new treat, often with ice cream". By

3021-474: Was Barq's , which began selling its sarsaparilla-based root beer in 1898 and was labeled simply as "Barq's". In 1919, Roy Allen opened his root-beer stand in Lodi, California , which led to the development of A&W Root Beer. One of Allen's innovations was that he served his homemade root beer in cold, frosty mugs. IBC Root Beer is another brand of commercially produced root beer that emerged during this period and

3078-534: Was a teetotaler who wanted to call the beverage "root tea". However, his desire to market the product to Pennsylvania coal miners caused him to call his product "root beer", instead. In 1886, Hires began to bottle a beverage made from his famous extract. By 1893, root beer was distributed widely across the United States. Non-alcoholic versions of root beer became commercially successful, especially during Prohibition . Not all traditional or commercial root beers were sassafras-based. One of Hires's early competitors

3135-434: Was added, and the beverage was left to ferment for 12 hours, after which it was strained and rebottled for secondary fermentation. This recipe usually resulted in a beverage of 2% alcohol or less, although the recipe could be modified to produce a more alcoholic beverage (such variation is called "hard root beer"). Root beer was originally made with sassafras root and bark which, due to its mucilaginous properties, formed

3192-562: Was popularized in the US by the Chicago drugstore chain Walgreens . Malted milk powder – a mixture of evaporated milk , malted barley , and wheat flour  – was invented by William Horlick in 1897 for use as an easily digested restorative health drink for disabled people and children, and as an infant 's food. However, healthy people soon began drinking beverages made with malted milk simply for

3249-409: Was widely used in soda fountains. The Hamilton Beach design, with the motor on top, remains the most common kind of milkshake machine. In 1922, Steven Poplawski invented the bottom-motor blender , which is sometimes used for making milkshakes. With the invention of the blender, milkshakes began to take their modern, whipped, aerated, and frothy form. The use of malted milk powder in milkshakes

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