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59-562: Ibeju- Lekki is a local government area of Lekki , Lagos State , Nigeria. The administrative centre was formerly at Akodo and was later moved to Igando Oloja due to the creation of the Lekki Council Development Area. The name of the Local government was derived from two autonomous communities, Ibeju and Lekki. The demographics of the area include people from different parts of the country living, working and doing business in

118-488: A 1,200 metre long quay, three container berths and a storage area with more than 15,000 spaces. The general layout of the container storage and handling area consists of a stacked container arrangement. The terminal is designed to handle 2.5 million twenty-foot standard containers per year. The deep-sea port of Lekki is the first port in Nigeria with ship-to-shore cranes. It has three of these container gantry cranes; they belong to

177-399: A brutal initiation stripping away their innocence. In the midst of the chaos, families scattered in all directions, desperately trying to find each other amid the destruction. Some sustained injuries from flying debris, while others tragically fell victim to uncovered wells hidden in their frantic escape routes. What was once Maroko is now known as Lekki Peninsula, a transformation that erased

236-642: A business, the right to import parts and equipment without duty, the right to keep and use foreign exchange earnings, and sometimes income or property tax breaks . There may also be other incentives relating the methods of customs control and filing requirements. The rationale is that the zones will attract investment, create employment, and thus reduce poverty and unemployment, stimulating the area's economy. These zones are often used by multinational corporations to set up factories to produce goods (such as clothing, shoes, and electronics). Free-trade zones should be distinguished from free trade areas . A free trade zone

295-537: A multi-purpose rotunda surrounded by four office blocks, containing project staff offices, a gift shop, a canteen and the drivers' office. The nature reserve consists of a mosaic of vegetation types, which includes: secondary forest , swamp forest , and Savanna grassland . The Nike Art Gallery is an art gallery in Lagos owned by Nike Davies-Okundaye. The gallery is probably the largest of its kind in West Africa. It

354-662: A start, the Airbus A380 is expected to carry two million to five million passengers per annum with future prospects of expansion to cater to the increasing aviation needs of the rapidly developing Lekki area and its environs. There is also the Pan-Atlantic University , Lekki Deep Seaport, Lekki International Golf Course and Eleganza Industries. These are among many other industrial developments at Ibeju-Lekki. Also, tourist attractions and parks include LUFASI nature park which keeps some Internationally endangered species . Some of

413-587: A total area of 1.5 square kilometres. The Park was planned to be multi-functional with the integration of commerce, trading, warehousing, and exhibition. According to the Site Plan of the park, large construction works will be built in the park, including the "international commodities & trade centre", the "international exhibition & conversation centre", industrial factory workshops, logistics warehouses, office buildings, hotels and residential apartment buildings, amongst others. Lekki Conservation Centre (LCC)

472-484: A total built-up area of about 100 square kilometres, which can accommodate a residential population of about 3.4 million and non-residential population (touristic, hotels, commercial, offices, medical and industrial) of about 1.9 million. Several institutions, estates and new investments are springing up along the Lekki axis that has been described as "the fastest growing corridor in west African sub-region". For decades, there

531-454: A tourist centre for local and international visitors. Over two million tourists of more than 100 nationals have visited Lekki Conservation Centre since its establishment. Most of NCF's School Conservation Clubs were established following the impact of individual visit to the centre. LCC land area is divided into two sections: the LCC Complex and the nature reserve. The LCC Complex comprises

590-554: Is a city in Lagos State , Nigeria. It is located to the south-east of Lagos city . Lekki is a naturally formed peninsula , adjoining to its west Victoria Island and Ikoyi districts of Lagos , with the Atlantic Ocean to its south, Lagos Lagoon to the north, and Lekki Lagoon to its east; however, the city's southeast, which ends around the western edge of Refuge Island , adjoins the eastern part of Ibeju-Lekki LGA. The city

649-561: Is a peninsula, bordered in the south by the Atlantic Ocean and in the North by the Lagos Lagoon . The main attractions are its numerous beaches and bustling night life. Some tourist attractions are: 1. Lekki Conservation Centre 2. LUFASI Nature Park Lagos 3. Alpha Beach, Lekki 4. Elegushi Royal Beach 5. La Campagne Tropicana Beach Resort 6. Landmark beach 1. House on

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708-540: Is a specific type of FTZ usually set up in developing countries by their governments to promote industrial and commercial exports. According to the World Bank, "an export processing zone is an industrial estate, usually a fenced-in area of 10 to 300 hectares, that specializes in manufacturing for export. It offers firms free trade conditions and a liberal regulatory environment. Its objectives are to attract foreign investors, collaborators, and buyers who can facilitate entry into

767-604: Is also included in the refinery complex, to fully utilize the raw materials released from the refinery. Also, there is the Lekki International Airport project which was initiated to lessen the pressure on the Murtala Muhammed Airport (MMIA) in Ikeja. The master plan of the new airport shows that it's designed to cater to wide-body, double-deck, and four-engine aircraft with the capacity for up to 500 seats. For

826-590: Is considered the largest art market in Nigeria. A frequently photographed structure in Lagos is the Lekki-Ikoyi-Bridge, which was completed in 2013. Mark Zuckerberg has already jogged across it. The 12,000-seater indoor arena Lagos Arena is currently being built in Lekki, with construction commencing in February 2024 and expected to finish in December 2025. Lekki British School , a British international school,

885-468: Is divided into three functional districts; the residential district in the north, industrial district in the middle and commercial trading/warehousing & logistics district in the southeast. The "sub-centre" located in the south of the Zone is to be developed first. The region is close to the customs supervisory area, and it is mainly for commercial trading, logistics and warehousing operations. The second phase

944-431: Is expected to process 650,000 barrels of oil per day when fully operational, making it the seventh largest oil refinery in the world. 57,000 people have been hired. At the beginning of 2023, the deep-sea harbour Lekki was put into operation 50 km to the east, but still within the Lagos agglomeration. It can handle super post-Panamax container ships and quintuples Nigeria's harbour capacity. The container terminal has

1003-435: Is housed in a five-storey building and has a collection of about 8,000 different works of art by various Nigerian artists such as Chief Josephine Oboh Macleod. The gallery is the most popular tourist destination in the city and has nothing to do with the sporting goods manufacturer of the same name. The Lekki Arts and Crafts Market (known to Lagosians as Oba Elegushi Market) offers a wide variety of African arts and crafts. It

1062-663: Is in Lekki. The American International School of Lagos maintains the Lekki Campus. The Italian International School "Enrico Mattei" has its campus in Lekki. The Pan Atlantic University which started as Lagos Business School is located in Lekki. The proposed Lekki-Epe International Airport would serve the area as a second airport for Lagos, and the Green Line of the future Lagos Rail Mass Transit will connect Lekki with Lagos city. 1. Shoprite Lekki Mall 2. Spar 3. Chevron Drive 4. Ajah Market 5. Ikota Complex Lekki

1121-408: Is located in the north of the Zone adjacent to E9 Road (Highway) which will serve as central business district of the free zone. The area along E2 Road will be developed for financial and commercial businesses, estate properties & supporting facilities, high-end production service industries and so on, which will link it to the sub-centre the Zone. The area along E4 Road will be utilized mainly for

1180-566: Is normally established in a single country, although there are a few exceptions where a free zone may cross a national border, such as the Syrian/Jordanian Free Trade Zone. Free trade areas are set up between countries; for example, the Latin America Free Trade Association (LAFTA) was created in the 1960 Treaty of Montevideo by Argentina , Brazil , Chile , Mexico , Paraguay , Peru , and Uruguay ; and

1239-466: Is one of the major Nigerian Conservation Foundation (NCF) conservation sites. It covers a land area of 78 hectares in Lekki. The Conservation Centre was established in the 1990, before the development of Lekki, for the conservation of wildlife found in southwest coastal environment of Nigeria, in the face of sprawling urban development. The project has promoted environmental protection and worked against poaching by surrounding communities as well as serve as

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1298-631: Is still in operation today. Other free zones to note are the Kandla Free Zone in India, which started in about 1960, and the Kaohsiung Export Processing Zone in Taiwan, which started in 1967. The number of worldwide free-trade zones proliferated in the late 20th century. Corporations setting up in a zone may be given a number of regulatory and fiscal incentives, such as the right to establish

1357-456: Is still largely under construction, as of 2015, only phase 1 of the project had been completed, with phase 2 nearing completion. The peninsula is approximately 70 to 80 km long, with an average width of 10 km. Lekki currently houses several gated residential developments, agricultural farmlands, areas allocated for a Free Trade Zone , with an airport, and a sea port under construction . The proposed land-use master plan for Lekki envisages

1416-636: The Dangote Refinery which is expected to be the world's biggest single-train facility and estimated to cost $ 9bn. It covers a total area of 2,635ha on the Lekki Free Zone near the Lekki Lagoon, enabling easy shipment of refined petroleum products to international markets. The refinery is expected to double Nigeria's refining capacity, largely to accommodate the pressing demand for fuel and export to foreign markets in and out of Africa. A fertilizer plant

1475-713: The North American Free Trade Agreement was established between Mexico, the United States, and Canada. In free trade areas, tariffs are only lowered between member countries. They should also be distinguished from customs unions, like the former European Economic Community, where several countries agree to unify customs regulations and eliminate customs between the union members. Free-trade zones have more recently been also called special economic zones in some countries. Special economic zones (SEZs) have been established in many countries as testing grounds for

1534-621: The Steelyard in London. The Steelyard, like other Hansa stations, was a separate walled community with its own warehouses, weighing house, chapel, counting houses , and residential quarters. In 1988, remains of the former Hanseatic trading house, once the largest medieval trading complex in Britain, were uncovered by archaeologists during maintenance work on Cannon Street Station. Shannon , Ireland ( Shannon Free Zone ), established in 1959, has claimed to be

1593-403: The blueprint of developing the entire Lekki Peninsula into a 'Blue-Green Environment City' was proposed by the state Government, which covers an additional area of 600 square kilometres. The Lekki City plan was prepared by Messrs Dar al Handersah, Shair and Partners, for Lagos State Ministry of Urban Planning and Physical Development. Based on the proposed land-use plan, Lekki city, excluding

1652-494: The secondary schools In Ibeju-Lekki are: Corona School Greensprings School Caleb British international school Community Senior High School, Akodo Community Senior High School, Debojo Community High School, Orimedu Ibeju Senior High School Iwerekun Community High School, Lakowe Magbon-Alade Grammar School Elemoro Community Secondary School 6°25′00″N 2°53′00″E  /  6.4167°N 2.8833°E  / 6.4167; 2.8833 Lekki Lekki

1711-526: The "Post-Panamax" group - this means that they can reach and unload the rearmost row of containers even if the container ship is wider than the Panama Canal (i.e. over 49 metres wide over all). The port's computerised system enables container identification and handling from the office; human interaction will be minimal in the physical processes. Nevertheless, the port will create 169,972 jobs, according to Managing Director Du Ruogang. The additional revenue for

1770-661: The Alternative Site Framework (ASF) should be considered. The ASF may be an appropriate option for certain Foreign-Trade Zone projects, but the decision of whether to adopt the new framework and what the configuration of the sites should be requires careful analysis and planning. Regardless of the choice to expand the FTZ project, the sites should be selected and the application drafted in such a manner as to receive swift approval while maximizing benefit to those that locate in

1829-759: The Lekki Free Zone, will be divided into 4 linear development zones; the North Urban Zone, which will be largely residential; the Natural Park Zone, which will consist of an environmental and nature conservation park; the South Urban Zone, which will include the existing and new residential developments along with commercial and mixed uses, as well as light industry; and the Atlantic Coastal Zone , which will mainly be developed for tourism and recreational activities. The land-use master plan will stipulate

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1888-485: The Nigerian state through taxes, duties and licence fees is estimated at USD 201 billion. On 22 January 2023, a few hours before the official inauguration by President Buhari, the first commercial ship, the container freighter CMA CGM MOZART, docked in the port. Lekki Free Trade Zone (Lekki FTZ) is a free zone situated at the eastern part of Lekki, which covers a total area of about 155 square kilometres. The first phase of

1947-532: The Peninsula as a "Blue-Green Environment City", expected to accommodate well over a residential population of 3.4 million in addition to a non-residential population of at least 1.9 million. Part of the Lekki peninsula was formerly known as Maroko , a slum, before it was destroyed by the Raji Rasaki -led Lagos State military government. One of its neighbourhoods , Lekki phase 1, has a reputation of having some of

2006-468: The Rock (church) 2. The Elevation Church 3. This Present House 4. RCCG, Tabernacle of David Free Trade Zone The World Bank defines free trade zones as "small, fenced-in, duty-free areas, offering warehousing, storage, and distribution facilities for trade, transshipment , and re-export operations". Free-trade zones can also be defined as labor-intensive manufacturing centers that involve

2065-520: The UAE. In these Free Zones, investors benefit from maintaining full business ownership and receiving tax exemptions. Some of the benefits of setting up business in UAE Free Zones are: Some Free Zones in UAE are: Kuwait's free trade zone (FTZ) was formally established in 1999 to expand businesses and lure the export industry. The zone was located in the western part of the commercial port of Shuwaikh . It

2124-399: The United States have recently been making use of the flexible opportunities offered by the Alternative Site Framework (ASF) program. The ASF program is designed to serve zone projects that want the flexibility to both attract users/operators to certain fixed sites but also want the ability to serve companies at other locations where the demand for FTZ services will arise in the future. FTZ 32

2183-848: The United States, the Foreign-Trade Zones Board (FTZB), established under the Foreign-Trade Zones (FTZ) Act of 1934, is led by the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of the Treasury . In January 2009, the Foreign-Trade Zones Board adopted an FTZ Board staff proposal to make what it called the Alternative Site Framework (ASF) as a means of designating and managing general-purpose FTZ sites through reorganization. The ASF provides Foreign-Trade Zone grantees greater flexibility to meet specific requests for zone status by utilizing

2242-616: The Zone. Successful zone projects are generally the result of a plan developed and implemented by individuals who understand all aspects of the FTZ program. The FTZB approves the reorganization of Foreign Trade Zone (FTZ) 32 under the alternative site framework. The application submitted by its grantee, the Greater Miami Foreign Trade Zone was approved and officially ordered by the FTZB on January 8, 2013. From California to Oklahoma, North Carolina, and New York State, FTZs all across

2301-452: The area. Ibeju Lekki has potential for tourism as it is endowed with beautiful ocean front and lagoon views. The development in the area is rapid and ongoing, some even refer to the area as the new Lagos. The commercial centre of Lagos state seems to be shifting gradually towards the area with much effort being put into developing industries and infrastructure. Ibeju-Lekki is one of the LGAs for

2360-483: The development of logistics and industrial manufacturing/processing. A number of connection axes are also planned in-between the principal axis and the sub-axis, with multi-functional service nodes to serve the whole of Lekki FTZ. Dangote Refinery is currently being built in the Lekki Free Zone. In the start-up area of the Lekki Free Trade Zone, there will be a Commercial & Logistics Park which will cover

2419-416: The domestic government pays part of the initial cost of factory setup, loosens environmental protections and rules regarding negligence and the treatment of workers , and promises not to ask payment of taxes for the next few years. When the taxation-free years are over, the corporation that set up the factory without fully assuming its costs is often able to set up operations elsewhere for less expense than

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2478-475: The eviction in the early hours of July 14, 1990. The operation was executed with military precision, showing no mercy or intent to take prisoners. The soldiers, many of them in their late teens, took advantage of the lack of resistance from the terrified residents, unleashing havoc by destroying homes, forcefully taking women and girls, and causing chaos reminiscent of a real war zone. For these young soldiers, it may have been their first taste of official violence,

2537-521: The first "modern" free trade zone. The Shannon Zone was started to help the city airport adjust to a radical change in aircraft technology that permitted longer range aircraft to skip previously-required refueling stops in Shannon. It was an attempt by the Irish government to maintain employment around the airport so that the airport would continue to generate revenue for the Irish economy. It was hugely successful and

2596-565: The first Export processing zones in 1988, aiming to fight the unbalances in the country. First EPZ area in operation was located near of the Port of Pecém in Ceará . Companies in these areas are benefited from tax exemptions and incentives at the ICMS Tax (State Value-Added Tax). Some Brazilian states offer other regional incentives. Companies also can take advantage of a Foreign exchange treatment supported by

2655-496: The implementation of liberal market economy principles. SEZs are viewed as instruments to enhance the acceptability and the credibility of the transformation policies and to attract domestic and foreign investment. The change in terminology has been driven by the formation of the World Trade Organization (WTO), which prohibits members from offering certain types of fiscal incentives to promote the exports of goods, thus why

2714-964: The import of raw materials or components and the export of factory products, but this is a dated definition as more and more free-trade zones focus on service industries such as software, back-office operations, research, and financial services. Free-trade zones are referred to as "foreign-trade zones" in the United States (Foreign Trade Zones Act of 1934), where FTZs provide customs-related advantages as well as exemptions from state and local inventory taxes. In other countries, they have been called "duty-free export processing zones," "export-free zones," "export processing zones," "free export zones," "free zones," "industrial free zones," "investment promotion zones," "maquiladoras," and "special economic zones". Some were previously called "free ports". Free zones range from specific-purpose manufacturing facilities to areas where legal systems and economic regulation vary from

2773-547: The law that created the EPZ and proximity of Custom authorities with offices inside the EPZ. China has specific rules differentiating an EPZ from a FTZ. For example, 70% of goods in EPZs must be exported, but there is no such quota for FTZs. The world's first-documented free-trade zone was established on the Greek Island of Delos in 166 BCE. It lasted until about 69 BCE when the island

2832-519: The minor boundary modification process. The theory of the ASF is that by more closely linking the amount of FTZ-designated space to the amount of space activated with Customs and Border Protection, Zone users would have better and quicker access to benefits. When an FTZ grantee evaluates whether or not to expand its FTZ project in order to improve the ease in which the Zone may be utilized by existing companies, as well as how it attracts new prospective companies,

2891-591: The most expensive real estate in Lagos State. Thirty-Four years ago, families residing in Maroko, then a suburb of Lagos, faced eviction from their homes ostensibly to protect them from diseases associated with slum conditions and prevent unnecessary loss of life. Heavily armed soldiers, under the command of Colonel Raji Rasaki and supervised by the Military President at the time, Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida, carried out

2950-454: The normal provisions of the country concerned. Free zones may reduce or eliminate taxes, customs duties, and regulatory requirements for registration of business. Zones around the world often provide special exemptions from normal immigration procedures and foreign investment restrictions as well as other features. Free zones are intended to foster economic activity and employment that could occur elsewhere. An export-processing zone ( EPZ )

3009-623: The painful history of the past, leaving it buried beneath the progress of time. In 2006, the Master Plan of Lekki Free Trade Zone , covering a total area of 155 square kilometres at the easternmost end of the peninsula , was initiated and prepared by the State Government of Lagos . The Plan defined the free zone as a special multi-functional economic zone and a new modern city with several south-west and north–south traffic corridors. Later in July 2008,

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3068-465: The planned Lekki City. With the actualization of the blueprint, Ibeju Lekki is expected to become a central hub for business, manufacturing, warehousing, and logistics . Forecasts have been made about an increase in commercial activities in the area as a result of these developments which will create thousands of jobs and make the area a major business location in the country. In Ibeju Lekki, there are on-going and proposed industrial developments such as

3127-463: The term Export Processing Zone (EPZ) is no longer used with newer zones. For example, India converted all of its EPZs to SEZs in 2000. In 1999, there were 43 million people working in about 3,000 FTZs spanning 116 countries and producing clothes , shoes , sneakers , electronics , and toys . The basic objectives of economic zones are to enhance foreign exchange earnings, develop export-oriented industries, and generate employment opportunities. In

3186-875: The world market for some of the economy's industrial goods, thus generating employment and foreign exchange". Most FTZs are located in developing countries ; Brazil , Colombia , India , Indonesia , El Salvador , China , the Philippines , Malaysia , Bangladesh , Nigeria , Pakistan , Mexico , the Dominican Republic , Costa Rica , Honduras , Guatemala , Kenya , Sri Lanka , Mauritius , and Madagascar all have EPZ programs. In 1997, 93 countries had set up export processing zones, employing 22.5 million people, and five years later, in 2003, EPZs in 116 countries employed 43 million people. In Brazil, 25 Export-Processing Zones have been authorized in 17 states, and 19 of them have been implemented. Brazilian government launched

3245-423: The zone has an area of 30 square kilometres, with about 27 square kilometres for urban construction purposes, which would accommodate a total resident population of 120,000. According to the Master Plan, the free zone will be developed into a new modern city within a city with integration of industries, commerce and business, real estate development, warehousing and logistics, tourism , and entertainment. Lekki FTZ

3304-546: Was founded in 1979 and processes over $ 1 billion in goods with products from more than 65 countries and exported to more than 75 countries worldwide with speed and efficiency. According to the official order from the FTZB, FTZ 32 existing site 1, Miami Free Zone, will be classified as a magnet site. Due to growing business opportunities in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the UAE government has introduced 'Free Zones' to make it easier for foreigners to invest and operate in

3363-579: Was no oil processing industry in Nigeria, apart from illegal refineries in the Niger Delta (which were very polluting due to the lack of cracking ). Nigeria therefore had to have the end products of domestic crude oil such as fuels, bitumen , paraffin , motor oil , polypropylene etc. produced in US or European refineries, with transport costs over thousands of nautical miles and margins for middlemen. The oil refinery in Lekki went into operation in December 2023 and

3422-599: Was overrun by pirates. The Romans had many civitas libera , or free cities, some of which could coin money, establish their own laws, and not pay an annual tribute to the Roman Emperor . These continued through at least the first millennium CE. In the 12th century, the Hanseatic League began operating in Northern Europe and established trading colonies throughout Europe. These Free Trade Zones included Hamburg and

3481-496: Was the only free trade zone in the country. In 2019, the Council of Ministers cancelled the free-zone, leaving Kuwait without a special economic zone. Aberdeen Group research published in 2013 noted that best-in-class companies make strategic use of free-trade zones as a means of reducing inbound trade costs, shortening import timescales, and optimising the balance of their corporate sourcing and operational activities. Sometimes

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