Misplaced Pages

#83916

32-460: Hypogea will often contain niches for cremated human remains or loculi for buried remains. Occasionally tombs of this type are referred to as built tombs . The term hypogeum can also refer to any antique building or part of building built below ground such as the series of tunnels under the Colosseum which held slaves (particularly enemy captives) and animals while keeping them ready to fight in

64-411: A niche ( CanE , UK : / ˈ n iː ʃ / or US : / ˈ n ɪ tʃ / ) is a recess or cavity constructed in the thickness of a wall for the reception of decorative objects such as statues, busts, urns, and vases. In Classical architecture examples are an exedra or an apse that has been reduced in size, retaining the half-dome heading usual for an apse. In the first century B.C, there

96-632: A palio ), which dates from 1719. Aquila ' s patron saint is La Vergine (the name of the Most Holy Maria). Her titulary festival is celebrated on 8 September. They are allied to the Civetta (Owl) and Drago (Dragon) contrade . They have been opposed to the Pantera (Panther) contrada since 1947. [REDACTED] Bruco is situated to the north of the Piazza del Campo . Traditionally, its residents worked in

128-576: A long history and complicated heraldic and semi-mythological associations. The contrade districts were set up in the Middle Ages in order to supply troops to the many military companies that were hired to defend Siena as it fought to preserve its independence from Florence and other nearby city states. With the passage of time, however, the contrade have lost their administrative and military functions and have become areas of localised patriotism. The communities are held together by their histories, and

160-454: A neighbor (only four, Bruco , Drago , Giraffa and Selva , have no declared adversaries). [REDACTED] Aquila is situated immediately to the south-west of the Piazza del Campo in the centre of the city, and is home to the duomo (cathedral). Traditionally, its residents were notaries . Their last victory was on July 3, 1992 (Andrea de Gortes 'Vinegar' on Galleggiante). They have had 24 official victories. Aquila ' s symbol

192-554: A niche in either Classical or Gothic contexts may be empty and merely provide some articulation and variety to a section of wall, the cult origins of the niche suggested that it be filled with a statue. In the Encyclopedia Methodique, the authors divide niches into different classes. The classes refer to the shape of the plan and the head (top and bottom), the ornamentation, and entablature. They vary according to their characteristics, from simple to extremely ornate. One of

224-465: Is a double-headed black eagle holding an orb, a sword, and a sceptre. Its colours are yellow, trimmed with blue and black. Aquila is one of only four nobile (noble) contrade ; its title was bestowed by the Habsburg emperor Charles V , out of gratitude for the warm reception he received there in 1536. The contrada ' s museum is home to the oldest surviving Palio di Siena banner (also called

256-542: Is a flying golden dragon carrying a banner with the letter "u". Its colours are pink and green, trimmed with yellow. Drago won the Palio on July 2, 2014, July 2, 2018, and again July 4, 2022. Drago’s ally is Aquila. Drago has never had a rival Contrada. [REDACTED] Giraffa is an affluent area of the city situated to the north-east of the [Piazza del Campo]. Traditionally, its residents were painters . Giraffa ' s symbol

288-643: Is a giraffe led by a Moor , and a ribbon bearing the motto "Humbertus I dedit" ( Umberto I gave it "). Its colours are white and red. Giraffa has the title of contrada imperiale (imperial contrada ). This title was bestowed on it by King Vittorio Emanuele III when it won the palio in 1936, the year the race was dedicated to Italy's empire in East Africa . Giraffa won the Palio on 2nd of July, 2019. Its allies are Civetta, Istrice and Pantera. It currently does not have an enemy, as its rivalry with Bruco ended in 1996. [REDACTED] Istrice occupies

320-424: Is a unicorn, rampant , with the motto "Humberti regio gratia" ("A kingdom by the grace of Umberto "). Its colours are orange and white, bordered with blue. Leocorno won the Palio of August 17, 2022, 15 years after its last win on August 16, 2007. Leocorno’s allies are Pantera and Tartuca. Its rival is Civetta (since 1960). [REDACTED] Lupa is situated to the north of the Piazza del Campo . Traditionally,

352-446: Is a very shallow niche, usually too shallow to contain statues, and may resemble a blind window (a window without openings) or sealed door. (Compare: blind arcade ) In Gothic architecture , a niche may be set within a tabernacle framing, like a richly decorated miniature house ( aedicula ), such as might serve for a reliquary . The backings for the altars in churches ( reredos ) can be embedded with niches for statues . Though

SECTION 10

#1732852692084

384-720: Is at Via del Comune, 44. Its patron Saint is the Madonna (Visitation of the Sainted Mary), and the Titulary feast is on 2 July. Its motto is " Come rivoluzion sona il mio nome " (As revolution sounds my name). It is allied to the Istrice, Nicchio and Torre contrade and not officially opposed to any other contrade . Its traditional animosity against neighbouring Giraffa (giraffe) ended, formally, in 1996. Last victory- 16 August 2008. It has had 37 official victories. [REDACTED] Chiocciola

416-437: Is situated in the south-western corner of the city; traditionally, its residents worked as terracotta makers. Chiocciola's motto is “With slow and deliberate steps, snail takes the field to triumph.” The district’s patron saints are the apostles Peter and Paul with a feast day of June 29. Chiocciola's rival is Tartuca (Tortoise). Its allies are Istrice (Porcupine), Pantera (Panther) and Selva (Forest). Their last Palio victory

448-530: The National Archeological Park of Tierradentro , a UNESCO World Heritage Site in southwest Colombia . Other excavated structures, not used for ritual purposes, include the Greco-Roman cryptoporticus . Other cultures also have constructed underground structures, including the dugout , souterrain , yaodong , fogou , erdstall , and kiva . Niche (architecture) In architecture ,

480-463: The Nine Worthies . In Fra Filippo Lippi 's Madonna, the trompe-l'œil niche frames her as with the canopy of estate that was positioned over a personage of importance in the late Middle Ages and Early Modern Europe. At the same time, the Madonna is represented as an iconic sculpture who has "come alive" with miraculous immediacy. In Iran, a Mihrab is a type of niche in the wall of a mosque at

512-458: The silk trade. Bruco ' s symbol is a crowned caterpillar crawling on a rose. Its colours are green and yellow, trimmed with blue. Bruco is one of the four nobile (noble) contrade ; its title was earned in 1369 by its people's bravery in helping to defeat Charles IV , and consolidated in 1371 when they led the revolt to replace the Sienese council with a people's government. Its Sede

544-518: The Palio in August 2009, thereby losing the name "nonna". In August 2014, Civetta once again won the palio. On September 19, 2014, members of the Civetta contrada held a street celebration in honor of their victory. Civetta’s allies are Aquila, Giraffa, Istrice and Pantera. Its rival is Leocorno (since 1960). [REDACTED] Drago is situated to the north-west of the Piazza del Campo . Traditionally, its residents were bankers . Drago ' s symbol

576-649: The earliest buildings which uses external niches containing statues is the Church of Orsanmichele in Florence, built between 1380 and 1404. The Uffizi Palace in Florence (1560–81) modified the concept by setting the niche within the wall so it did not protrude. The Uffizi has two dozen or so such niches containing statues of great historical figures. In England, the Uffizi style niches were adopted at Montacute House (c. 1598), where there are nine exterior niches containing statues of

608-959: The earliest phase dating to 3600–3300 BC. It is a complex of underground chambers, halls and passages covering approximately 500 m (5,400 sq ft) on three levels, partly carved to imitate temple architecture and containing extensive prehistoric art. In Larnaka , Cyprus, the Lefkaritis Tomb was discovered in 1999. Hypogea were also found in Dynastic Egypt , such as at the Northern Mazghuna pyramid , Southern Mazghuna pyramid and Southern South Saqqara pyramid . The hypogea in ancient Palmyra contained loculi closed with slabs bearing sculptured portrait reliefs , and sarcophagi with sculptured family banqueting scenes on their lids. The later Christians built similar underground shrines, crypts and tombs, which they called catacombs . But this

640-594: The emotions and sense of civic pride of the residents. Their roles have broadened so that in the 21st century, every important event – baptisms, deaths, marriages, church holidays, victories at the Palio, even wine or food festivals – is celebrated only within one's own contrada . Siena's organization was definitively revised in 1730 by governor Princess Violante Von Bayern, as 17 intra-muros wards. Every contrada has its own museum, church, fountain and baptismal font, motto, allied contrada (only Oca and Lupa have no allies) and adversary contrada , typically

672-527: The gladiatorial games. The animals and slaves could be let up through trapdoors under the sand-covered arena at any time during a fight. An early example of a hypogeum is found at the Minoan Bronze Age site of Knossos on Crete . Hogan notes this underground vault was of a beehive shape and cut into the soft rock. The Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum in Paola, Malta , is the oldest example of a prehistoric hypogeum,

SECTION 20

#1732852692084

704-517: The height of the statue could be accommodated. Contrade of Siena#Nicchio (Seashell) A contrada (plural: contrade ) is generally a district within the Italian countryside. In the city of Siena , the term indicates the 17 urban wards, whose representatives race on horseback in the Palio di Siena , run twice every year in July and August. Each sienese contrada is named after an animal or symbol, with

736-406: The north of the Piazza del Campo in the centre of the city. Traditionally, its residents were shoemakers . Civetta ' s symbol is a crowned owl sitting on a branch. Its colours are red and black striped with white. Its motto is: "Vedo nella Notte" (I see in the night). For years Civetta was considered the nonna (grandmother) because it had not won a palio for over 30 years. Civetta won

768-581: The north-westernmost edge of Siena and contains the San Vincenzo e Anastasio church, home of the city's oldest surviving fresco and burial place of Pinturicchio . Traditionally, its residents were blacksmiths. Istrice ' s symbol is a porcupine. Its colours are white, red, blue and black. Istrice’s adversary Contrada is the "Lupa" (She-wolf), since 1934. Allied Contradas are "Bruco", "Chiocciola", "Civetta" and "Giraffa". Its motto is: "Sol per difesa io pungo" (I prick only for self-defense). Istrice has

800-426: The origin of the word, as the traditional decoration for the top of a niche is a scallop shell, hence also the alternative term of "conch" for a semi-dome , usually reserved for larger exedra. As early as the 4th century, such architectural features, or the frame surrounding them are called tabernacles. This definition extends to the ornamentation or framework surrounding doors, windows and niches. A blind niche

832-625: The point nearest to Mecca toward which the congregation faces to pray. This is The Great Mosque of Cordoba, It's Mihrab is formed of small, glazed glass tiles and plaster creating a mosaic. Niches aren't only one sided as is the case of the Porta Maggiore where niches flank both sides of the gate and at one time displayed statues. Small Roman temples called Aedicula were often decorated with niches. For example, an aedicula on Lake Albano in Italy has six niches of varying heights, suggesting that anything up to

864-450: The residents of Lupa were bakers . Lupa ' s symbol is a female wolf nursing twins. Its colors are black and white, trimmed with orange. The she-wolf of this contrada refers to the legend that Siena was founded by Senius and Aschius , the sons of Remus , who were raised by a wolf . Because of this, Lupa ' s sister city is Rome . The Lupa museum's prize exhibit is a photograph of Giuseppe Garibaldi , which he donated to

896-589: The saint and bishop Benignus (d. c. 274) was buried in a large sarcophagus in a chamber tomb in the Roman cemetery. By the sixth century the tomb had long since fallen into disrepair and was regarded as pagan, even by Bishop Gregory of Langres. Hypogea were constructed across the pre-Columbian New World during the first millennium AD. Some of these tombs were over 10 meters in diameter and contained two or three free-standing columns, ornamental pilasters , and side chambers. The largest concentration of these hypogea are found in

928-574: The title of Contrada Sovrana (Sovereign Contrada ). It was bestowed this title by the Sovereign Military Order of Malta as a result of it headquartering the order during the 14th century. The Templars Mansion is located in its territory in Via Malta. Istrice last won the Palio in July 2008. [REDACTED] Leocorno is situated to the east of the Piazza del Campo . Traditionally, its residents were goldsmiths. Leocorno ' s symbol

960-580: Was no exact mention of niches, but rather a zotheca or small room. These rooms closely resemble alcoves similar to a niche but slightly larger. Different sizes and sculpture methods suggest the term niche was understood. Greeks and Romans especially, used niches for important family tombs. The word derives from the Latin nidus ( lit.   ' nest ' ), via the French niche . The Italian nicchio ( lit.   ' sea-shell ' ) may also be involved in

992-511: Was on August 16, 1999. There is an expression in Siena, “The people of the Snail, drowners of saints.” In 1888, after losing a Palio, the contrada was so angry that they threw a statue of Saint Anthony (patron saint of horses) into a well. The statue wasn’t removed until 1910 and the district won in 1911. Its colours are red and yellow, trimmed with blue. [REDACTED] Civetta is situated immediately to

Hypogeum - Misplaced Pages Continue

1024-448: Was only a difference in name, rather than purpose and rituals, and archaeological and historical research shows they were effectively the same. Werner Jacobsen wrote: Like other ambitious Romans, the bishop-saints of the third and fourth centuries were usually buried in hypogea in the cemeteries outside the walls of their cities; often it was only miracles at their tombs that caused their successors to adopt more up-to-date designs. In Dijon

#83916