Fellowship of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons ( FRCS ) is a professional qualification to practise as a senior surgeon in Ireland or the United Kingdom . It is bestowed on an intercollegiate basis by the four Royal Colleges of Surgeons (the Royal College of Surgeons of England , Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (chartered 1784), Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh (chartered 1505), and Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow ). The initials may be used as post-nominal letters .
15-678: John Whitaker Hulke FRCS FRS FGS (6 November 1830 – 19 February 1895) was a British surgeon , geologist and fossil collector. He was the son of a physician in Deal , who became a Huxleyite despite being deeply religious. Hulke became Huxley's colleague at the Royal College of Surgeons . He was a long-time collector from the Wealden cliffs of the Isle of Wight , and his work on vertebrate palaeontology included studies of Iguanodon and Hypsilophodon from
30-590: A dinner for Members of the Court of Assistants and others. In 1853, the oration and dinner became biennial; it is held on alternate years in rotation with the Bradshaw Lecture . Delivered by a Fellow or Member of the college on 14 February, Hunter's birthday, "such oration to be expressive of the merits in comparative anatomy, physiology, and surgery, not only of John Hunter, but also of all persons, as should be from time to time deceased, whose labours have contributed to
45-826: A string of papers in the Geological Society of London 's Quarterly Review . In 1887 the Wollaston Medal was awarded to him by the Geological Society. He was president of both the Geological and Pathological Societies in 1883, and president of the Clinical Society from 1893 to 1895 and of the Royal College of Surgeons from 1893 until his death. He was a man with a wide range of knowledge not only of science but of literature and art. In all, he published over fifty papers, 28 on dinosaurs. After his death his collection
60-474: Is a lecture of the Royal College of Surgeons of England , named in honour of pioneering surgeon John Hunter and held on his birthday, 14 February, each year. The oration was founded in 1813 by the executors of the will of surgeon John Hunter, his nephew Dr Matthew Baillie , and his brother-in-law Sir Everard Home , who made a gift to the Royal College of Surgeons of England to provide an annual oration and
75-819: The FRCSC in Canada, FRACS in Australia and New Zealand, FCS(SA) in South Africa, FCSHK in Hong Kong, FCPS by College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan in Pakistan and FCPS by College of Physicians & Surgeons of Mumbai in India. The intercollegiate FRCS examinations are administered by two committees, the JCIE (Joint Committee on Intercollegiate Examinations, which handles domestic examinations) and
90-467: The Middlesex Hospital , and here much of his more important surgical work was accomplished. His skill as an operator was widely known: he was an excellent general surgeon, but made his special mark as an ophthalmologist . As a geologist he attained a European reputation: he was elected FRS in 1867 for his researches on the anatomy and physiology of the retina in man and the lower animals, particularly
105-577: The JSCFE (Joint Surgical Colleges Fellowship Examination, which handles overseas examinations). This system replaced the earlier one in which each college administered its own examinations. First the curricula were intercollegiately coordinated by the ISCP (Intercollegiate Surgical Curriculum Programme) of the JCST (Joint Committee on Surgical Training), and then the examinations became intercollegiate. The original fellowship
120-570: The Moravian College at Neuwied (1843–1845), where he gained an intimate knowledge of German and an interest in geology through visits to the Eifel district. Of Dutch Reformed descent, and Calvinist leanings, he held strict views: "his Protestantism was of the intolerant kind". He got on well with Huxley, whose agnosticism was also rather strait-laced. After returning from Germany he entered King's College School , and three years later commenced work at
135-576: The Wealden ( Lower Cretaceous ). He became president of the Geological Society (1882–84); and was awarded Wollaston Medal in 1888. He was president of the Pathological Society of London in 1883, and president of the Royal College of Surgeons from 1893 until his death. Hulke was born in Deal, Kent , the son of a general practitioner . He was educated partly at a boarding-school in England, partly at
150-464: The examination and qualification are intercollegiate, although each surgeon can still choose afterward to be affiliated with one or more specific colleges. (In Canada the FRCS(C) qualification is administered by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada .) There are now a range of higher fellowships, taken at the end of higher specialist training and often in narrower fields, the first of which
165-658: The hospital. He qualified MRCS in 1852. In the Crimean War he volunteered, and was appointed (1855) assistant-surgeon at Smyrna and subsequently during the Siege of Sevastopol . On returning home he became medical tutor at his old hospital, was elected FRCS in 1857, and afterwards assistant-surgeon to the Royal Ophthalmic Hospital, Moorfields (1857), and surgeon (1868–1890). In 1861, Hulke first described oculodermal melanosis ( Nevus of Ota ). In 1870 he became surgeon at
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#1732855712508180-502: The reptiles. He subsequently devoted all his spare time to geology and especially to the fossil reptilia, describing many remains of dinosaurs from the Isle of Wight . He had access to one of the best private collections of the day: that of Rev. W. Fox on the Isle of Wight. Hulke located a complete Iguanodon braincase in 1869, and offered it to Huxley to describe. Huxley was too busy, but helped Hulke prepare and describe it. Hulke published
195-600: Was FRCS (Orth) in orthopaedics . Others include FRCS (Urol) in urology and FRCS (OMFS) in maxillofacial surgery . The MRCS examinations are also now intercollegiate. The original 300 Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of England ( FRCS ) include: Biographies of all original 300 Fellows are in Plarr's Lives of the Fellows . See Category:Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of England for more recent examples of Fellows . Hunterian Oration The Hunterian Oration
210-547: Was available in general surgery and in certain specialties—ophthalmic or ENT surgery, or obstetrics and gynaecology—which were not indicated in the initials. It came to be taken midway through training. Each of the four Royal Colleges of Surgeons of the UK and Ireland used to administer its own examinations. The four postnominals were FRCS(Eng), FRCS(Ed), FRCS(G), and FRCS(I). The FRCS designation without further specification then referred by convention/tradition to FRCS(Eng) specifically. Today
225-643: Was donated to the Natural History Museum . He delivered the 1891 Bradshaw Lecture at the Royal College of Surgeons on spinal fractures and dislocations. He was due to read the Hunterian Oration at the Royal College of Surgeons just before his death in February 1895. In the event it was delivered on his behalf by past president Thomas Bryant . FRCS Several Commonwealth countries have organisations that bestow similar qualifications, among them
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