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38-496: 38°45′S 177°00′E  /  38.750°S 177.000°E  / -38.750; 177.000 This Gisborne District -related geography article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Hawke's Bay Region geography article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Gisborne District Gisborne District or the Gisborne Region ( Māori : Te Tairāwhiti or Te Tai Rāwhiti )

76-586: A major nationwide reform of local government in 1989. Prior to the late 19th century, the area was known as Tūranga. However, as the Gisborne town site was laid out in 1870, the name changed to Gisborne, after the Colonial Secretary William Gisborne , and to avoid confusion with the town of Tauranga . The region was formerly known as the East Coast , although the region is often divided into

114-607: A number of taniwha dwell in and protect the river, in turn protecting the valley and its hapū . Taniwha believed to be in Waiapu River include Kotuwainuku, Kotuwairangi, Ohinewaiapu, and Ngungurutehorowhatu. According to an affidavit of Hapukuniha Te Huakore Karaka, two taniwha were placed in strategic locations in the river to protect the hapū from invading tribes — one near Paoaruku (a locality at 37°49′38″S 178°20′21″E  /  37.82716138°S 178.3390364°E  / -37.82716138; 178.3390364 ), and one at

152-400: A population density of 6.4 people per km . Gisborne District had a population of 51,135 in the 2023 New Zealand census , an increase of 3,618 people (7.6%) since the 2018 census , and an increase of 7,482 people (17.1%) since the 2013 census . There were 25,326 males, 25,686 females and 123 people of other genders in 17,316 dwellings. 2.3% of people identified as LGBTIQ+ . The median age

190-406: A rural settlement, which covers 13.19 km (5.09 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 870 as of June 2024, with a population density of 66 people per km . It is part of the larger Ruatoria-Raukumara statistical area. Ruatoria had a population of 759 at the 2018 New Zealand census , an increase of 36 people (5.0%) since the 2013 census , and an increase of 36 people (5.0%) since

228-612: A series of light installations along the river in Gisborne city showcasing ten local artists. The region is represented in rugby union by the East Coast Rugby Football Union and the Poverty Bay Rugby Football Union . Ruatoria Ruatoria ( Māori : Ruatōria ) is a town in the Waiapu Valley of the Gisborne Region in the northeastern corner of New Zealand's North Island . The town

266-480: Is a local government area of northeastern New Zealand. It is governed by Gisborne District Council , a unitary authority (with the combined powers of a district and regional council ). It is named after its largest settlement, the city of Gisborne . The region is also commonly referred to as the East Coast . The region is commonly divided into the East Cape and Poverty Bay . It is bounded by mountain ranges to

304-509: Is heavy all year-round, yet is particularly prodigious in the austral winter months from May to September. On 7 February 1973, Ruatoria had the highest ever air temperature recorded in the North Island (39.2 °C or 102.6 °F), the same day the nation's highest temperature was recorded in the South Island town of Rangiora (42.4 °C or 108.3 °F). The principal industries in

342-576: Is now Tuparoa Road. (The shop has been dismantled after his death in 1960) He is buried with his third wife in the cemetery at Mahora on the Tuparoa road just before the junction with the side road to Reparoa. (His first and second wives were of the Gerrard family of Tuparoa and are buried in the cemetery at the top of the hill on the northern side of the creek which separated the old Tuparoa settlement). From about 1925 onwards, Ruatoria began to replace Tuparoa as

380-477: The 2006 census . There were 225 households, comprising 396 males and 363 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.09 males per female, with 243 people (32.0%) aged under 15 years, 165 (21.7%) aged 15 to 29, 282 (37.2%) aged 30 to 64, and 66 (8.7%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 95.3% Māori , 20.6% European/ Pākehā , 3.6% Pacific peoples , 2.4% Asian , and 0.8% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. Although some people chose not to answer

418-607: The 2013 census , and a decrease of 54 people (−4.2%) since the 2006 census . There were 405 households, comprising 666 males and 567 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.17 males per female. The median age was 32.8 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 336 people (27.3%) aged under 15 years, 243 (19.7%) aged 15 to 29, 498 (40.4%) aged 30 to 64, and 156 (12.7%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 22.4% European/ Pākehā , 94.2% Māori , 2.9% Pacific peoples , 1.2% Asian , and 0.7% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas

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456-602: The East Cape Lighthouse . By road it is 128 km (80 mi) from Gisborne, 3 km (1.9 mi) off State Highway 35 . It is at the bottom of the Waiapu Valley on the banks of the Waiapu River just downstream of where the river is formed by the joining of the Mata and Tapuaeroa Rivers . Precipitation is prodigiously high — the annual average precipitation total approaches 2,000 mm (79 in). Precipitation

494-532: The Provincial Growth Fund to upgrade 29 Ngāti Porou marae, including Te Aowera Marae, Te Horo, Kariaka, Rauru, Umariki, Mangahanea , Mangarua, Reporua and Ruataupare Marae. It also committed $ 273,890 to upgrade Uepohatu Marae and $ 232,227 to upgrade Hiruharama Marae. Ngata Memorial College is a Year 1–13 co-educational public school with a roll of 126 students as of August 2024. The college opened in 1959. Te Kura Kaupapa Māori o Te Waiu O Ngati Porou

532-725: The central business district and others experiencing some structural damage. One death was reported (a heart attack of an elderly woman, sustained during the quake) plus minor injuries. The region is sheltered by high country to the west and has a dry, sunny climate. It has a yearly average of 2,200 sunshine hours. The annual rainfall varies from about 1000 mm near the coast to over 2500 mm in higher inland country. Typical maxima range from 20 to 28 °C in summer and 10-16 °C in winter. Minima vary from 10 to 16 °C in summer to 0-8 °C in winter. Gisborne District covers 8,385.06 km (3,237.49 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 53,300 as of June 2024, with

570-631: The iwi and marae structure. The predominant iwi are Ngāti Porou , Rongowhakaata , Ngāi Tāmanuhiri and Te Aitanga-a-Māhaki . At 8:55   pm (NZDT) on 20 December 2007, the Gisborne region was hit by an earthquake of Richter magnitude 6.8, centred in the Hikurangi Trough which is a part of the Hikurangi Margin . The earthquake was situated 50 km southeast of Gisborne at a depth of 40 km. Mercalli intensities of 7-8 were experienced, with three buildings substantially collapsed in

608-527: The East Coast proper (or East Cape), north of the city, and Poverty Bay , the area including and surrounding the city. The region is also sometimes referred to as the East Cape , although that also refers specifically to the promontory at the northeastern extremity. More recently, it has been called Eastland , although that can also include Ōpōtiki in the eastern Bay of Plenty to the northwest, and Wairoa to

646-541: The Gisborne district include: The subnational gross domestic product (GDP) of the Gisborne region was estimated at NZ$ 2.16 billion in the year to March 2019, 0.7% of New Zealand's national GDP. The regional GDP per capita was estimated at $ 44,004 in the same period. There are a number of notable creative people from the Gisborne region, including writer Witi Ihimaera , opera singer Dame Kiri Te Kanawa and actor George Henare . An annual arts festival began in 2019 called Te Tairāwhiti Arts Festival . In 2020, this included

684-456: The Wairoa River (a small creek at 37°50′13″S 178°24′00″E  /  37.83695267°S 178.3998781°E  / -37.83695267; 178.3998781 ). Karaka said that a bridge was built from Tikitiki to Waiomatatini , to the protest of local Māori who were concerned that it would disturb the taniwha. The night before the bridge was completed, a storm came washing the bridge away —

722-399: The area — Ko Hikurangi te maunga, ko Waiapu te awa, ko Ngāti Porou te iwi (Hikurangi is the mountain, Waiapu is the river, Ngāti Porou is the tribe). Ruatoria is within the iwi 's rohe , and Te Runanganui o Ngāti Porou has offices located in the town. The Waiapu River is of immense cultural, spiritual, economic, and traditional value to local Māori. According to traditional beliefs,

760-422: The census question. Of those at least 15 years old, 5,187 (13.0%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 22,200 (55.8%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 10,800 (27.2%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $ 35,800, compared with $ 41,500 nationally. 2,727 people (6.9%) earned over $ 100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15

798-412: The census's question about religious affiliation, 38.7% had no religion, 36.8% were Christian , 5.1% had Māori religious beliefs and 2.8% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 54 (10.5%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 135 (26.2%) people had no formal qualifications. 27 people (5.2%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15

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836-431: The district are related to agriculture and forestry. Attempts to sink oil wells in the area in the 1920s proved unprofitable. The original shop, bunk house and cook house in the township of Tuparoa were destroyed by fire on two occasions between 1907 and 1913. Commerce was moved inland 5 miles to the area known as The Crossroads, northeast of the present town sitting on the area of the first river plain where it drops to

874-401: The main urban centre of the East Coast district of New Zealand. The transition to Ruatoria from Tuparoa was brought about by the increased reliability of State Highway 35, which at that time ran via the main street of Ruatoria. Tuparoa was disadvantaged by unreliable road access and a lack of all weather harbour. The Rotokautuku Bridge, connecting Ruatoria to the northern side of Waiapu River ,

912-465: The north. The western boundary runs along the Raukumara Range , which separates it from Ōpōtiki District . In the southwest, its boundary runs along the western edge of Te Urewera . It is sparsely inhabited and isolated, with small settlements mainly clinging to small bays along the eastern shore, including Tokomaru Bay and Tolaga Bay . Its population is 53,300 (June 2024). Three-quarters of

950-445: The population – 38,800 (June 2024) – lives in the city of Gisborne. No other settlements have a population of over 1000; the largest are the towns of Tolaga Bay and Ruatoria , each with populations of over 800 in 2001. Inland, the land is rough, predominantly forested, hill country. A spine of rough ridges dominates the centre of the region, culminating in the impressive bulk of the 1752 metre Mount Hikurangi in Waiapu Valley in

988-400: The present river plain where the roads went north–south and to the east. (There was a race course on land alongside the Waiapu River below The Crossroads but that was abandoned by the end of the second world war). The Crossroads too was destroyed by fire during the first world war and in 1920 the first general store and accommodation was erected by William Hayes Owen Johnston (1890–1960) on what

1026-475: The region's northeast. Hikurangi is the fifth-highest mountain in the North Island, and the highest that is not a volcano. Regarded as sacred by Māori , there is some justification to the claims that this is the first mountain to see the sun in summer. The region's population has a higher than the national average proportion of Māori – over 50% in some areas – and maintains strong ties to both Māori tradition and

1064-743: The south. Its Māori name Te Tai Rāwhiti means the Coast of the Sunrise, reflecting the fact that it is the first part of the New Zealand mainland to see the sun rise. Gisborne District Council styles the name as Te Tairāwhiti . The region is located in the northeastern corner of the North Island . It ranges from the Wharerata Hills in the south, which divide it from Wairoa District in Hawke's Bay , to Lottin Point in

1102-486: The weather till then had been calm. From then, one person would drown in the river nearly every year. If it did not happen one year, two would drown the next. A local tohunga , George Gage (Hori Te Kou-o-rehua Keeti) was approached to help the situation, and after that there were no similar drownings. Ruatoria has several marae belonging to Ngāti Porou hapū : In October 2020, the Government committed $ 5,756,639 from

1140-586: The west, rugged country to the south, and faces east onto the Pacific Ocean . The district is governed by Gisborne District Council , which is a unitary territorial authority , meaning that it performs the functions of a regional council as well as those of a territorial authority (a district or city). It is constituted as both the Gisborne District and the Gisborne Region . It replaced Gisborne City, Cook County , Waiapu County and Waikohu County in

1178-416: Was $ 19,400, compared with $ 31,800 nationally. 42 people (4.7%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 315 (35.1%) people were employed full-time, 132 (14.7%) were part-time, and 78 (8.7%) were unemployed. As the crow flies , Ruatoria is approximately 90 km (56 mi) north-northeast of Gisborne , and 30 km (19 mi) southwest of

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1216-404: Was 2.4, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 36.3% had no religion, 38.9% were Christian , 5.1% had Māori religious beliefs and 2.7% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 93 (10.4%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 228 (25.4%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income

1254-559: Was 36.7 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 11,382 people (22.3%) aged under 15 years, 9,627 (18.8%) aged 15 to 29, 21,648 (42.3%) aged 30 to 64, and 8,481 (16.6%) aged 65 or older. People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 56.5% European ( Pākehā ); 54.8% Māori ; 5.6% Pasifika ; 3.8% Asian ; 0.7% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 1.8% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English

1292-406: Was built in 1964. This 1964 bridge replaced the old bridge which had been built in the 1930s. The old piles were used for the new bridge, although they had to be lowered by a metre to accommodate the new bridge. In the 1980s, Ruatoria was briefly notorious for an outbreak of arson attacks in the town, during a period of severe economic downturn. The Ngāti Porou proverb of identity relates to

1330-503: Was originally known as Cross Roads then Manutahi and was later named Ruatorea in 1913, after the Māori Master female grower Tōrea who had some of the finest storage pits in her Iwi at the time (Te-Rua-a-Tōrea). In 1925 the name was altered to "Ruatoria", although some texts retain the original spelling. Ruatoria's Whakarua Park is the home of the East Coast Rugby Football Union . Statistics New Zealand describes Ruatoria as

1368-542: Was spoken by 96.1%, Māori language by 16.9%, Samoan by 0.5% and other languages by 5.8%. No language could be spoken by 2.2% (e.g. too young to talk). New Zealand Sign Language was known by 0.4%. The percentage of people born overseas was 11.6, compared with 28.8% nationally. Religious affiliations were 31.2% Christian , 0.6% Hindu , 0.3% Islam , 4.6% Māori religious beliefs , 0.4% Buddhist , 0.5% New Age , and 1.2% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 53.7%, and 8.1% of people did not answer

1406-425: Was that 168 (32.6%) people were employed full-time, 90 (17.4%) were part-time, and 42 (8.1%) were unemployed. Ruatoria-Raukumara statistical area covers 693.32 km (267.69 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 1,430 as of June 2024, with a population density of 2.1 people per km . Ruatoria-Raukumara had a population of 1,233 at the 2018 New Zealand census , an increase of 30 people (2.5%) since

1444-455: Was that 18,867 (47.5%) people were employed full-time, 5,505 (13.8%) were part-time, and 1,590 (4.0%) were unemployed. In the 2018 census, 77.6% of the population could speak in one language only, 18.9% in two languages and 1.1% in three or more languages. Gisborne, with a population of 38,800, is the only urban area in the district with a population over 1,000. It is home to 72.8% of the district's population. Other towns and settlements in

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