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75-557: The Hues Corporation was an American pop and soul trio , formed in Santa Monica , California in 1969. They are best known for their 1974 single " Rock the Boat ", which sold over 2 million copies, hit number one, and helped establish disco as a sound. Before achieving mainstream success they were the opening act for a list of headliners that included Frank Sinatra , Milton Berle , Nancy Sinatra , and Glen Campbell . The original band had

150-473: A chorus that contrasts melodically, rhythmically and harmonically with the verse . The beat and the melodies tend to be simple, with limited harmonic accompaniment. The lyrics of modern pop songs typically focus on simple themes – often love and romantic relationships – although there are notable exceptions. Harmony and chord progressions in pop music are often "that of classical European tonality , only more simple-minded." Clichés include

225-399: A light entertainment and easy listening tradition. Pop music is more conservative than other music genres such as folk, blues, country, and tradition. Many pop songs do not contain themes of resistance, opposition, or politics, rather focusing more on love and relationships. Therefore, pop music does not challenge its audiences socially, and does not cause political activism. Frith also said

300-842: A lineup of three singers and three sidemen. The sidemen were Joey Rivera from the Checkmates; Monti Lawston; and Bob "Bullet" Bailey, formerly of the Leaves. Bailey, Rivera, and Lawston left the band to form Goodstuff. The group's name was a pun on the Howard Hughes Corporation , with the 'hue' (a synonym of ' color '). The band's members at the time of their first album were St. Clair Lee (born Bernard St. Clair Lee, April 24, 1944, San Francisco , California; died March 8, 2011), Fleming Williams (born December 26, 1943, Flint , Michigan ; died February 15, 1998) and Hubert Ann Kelley (born April 24, 1947, Fairfield , Alabama ). The original choice for

375-407: A music researcher, states pop music as any type of music that a person has been exposed to by the mass media. Most individuals think that pop music is just the singles charts and not the sum of all chart music. The music charts contain songs from a variety of sources, including classical , jazz , rock , and novelty songs . As a genre, pop music is seen to exist and develop separately. Therefore,

450-511: A paraboloid shape and crowned by an acoustic shell , receiving the collaboration of the civil builder Juan Pinto Delgado. The structure was built in stages and its design was inspired by the Hollywood Bowl , the main amphitheater of the city of Los Angeles in the United States. The roof of the stage, which helped both to project the sound towards the audience and to protect the artists of

525-498: A pop song is to them, songs from the 1960s turned out to be the most memorable, significantly more than songs from recent years 2000 to 2015. Before the progressive pop of the late 1960s, performers were typically unable to decide on the artistic content of their music. Assisted by the mid-1960s economic boom, record labels began investing in artists, giving them the freedom to experiment, and offering them limited control over their content and marketing. This situation declined after

600-452: A prize of 500 escudos in cash and an award called Lira de Oro . Six compositions competed, and the winner was "Viña" by José Goles and Manuel Lira. In the show, the event was animated by Ricardo García and enlivened by nine local invited artists. In February 1961, a folkloric contest was incorporated. In 1963, Channel 9 of Television of the University of Chile , experimentally broadcast

675-455: A separation which was "also, broadly, one between boys and girls, middle-class and working-class." The latter half of the 20th century included a large-scale trend in American culture in which the boundaries between art and pop music were increasingly blurred. Between 1950 and 1970, there was a debate of pop versus art. Since then, certain music publications have embraced the music's legitimacy,

750-445: A sixth album in at least New Zealand, Argentina and South Africa. With the renewed popularity of disco music in the 1990s, the group reunited for tour dates and special events, including the PBS special Get Down Tonight: The Disco Explosion . Karl Russell was replaced by Fleming Williams who sang the male lead part on "Rock the Boat". Williams left not long after its recording. Williams

825-416: A tendency to reflect existing trends rather than progressive developments ; and seeks to encourage dancing or uses dance-oriented rhythms. The main medium of pop music is the song, often between two and a half and three and a half minutes in length, generally marked by a consistent and noticeable rhythmic element , a mainstream style and a simple traditional structure . The structure of many popular songs

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900-472: A thriving pop music industry, most of which is devoted to Western-style pop. Japan has for several years produced a greater quantity of music than everywhere except the US. The spread of Western-style pop music has been interpreted variously as representing processes of Americanization, homogenization , modernization, creative appropriation, cultural imperialism , or a more general process of globalization . One of

975-483: A trend referred to as " poptimism ". Throughout its development, pop music has absorbed influences from other genres of popular music. Early pop music drew on traditional pop , an American counterpart to German Schlager and French Chanson , however compared to the pop of European countries, traditional pop originally emphasized influences ranging from Tin Pan Alley songwriting, Broadway theatre , and show tunes . As

1050-425: Is all the collective clubs around the world. Radio is just doing its best to keep up." Songs that talked of escapism through partying became the most popular, influenced by the impulse to forget the economic troubles that had taken over the world after the 2008 crash . Throughout the 2010s, a lot of pop music also began to take cues from Alternative pop . Popularized by artists such as Lana Del Rey and Lorde in

1125-619: Is chosen by a vote organized by the newspaper La Cuarta . Journalists accredited to the Festival express their preferences through a secret ballot. The day after the election there is a coronation and the delivery of a band and a ring as a prize by the relevant authorities. Since 2001, on the day of the coronation the Queen of the Festival has to dive into the pool at the Hotel O'Higgins in Viña del Mar in front of

1200-652: Is considered one of the earliest disco songs. Some authorities proclaim it to be the first disco song to hit #1, while others give that distinction to " Love's Theme " by the Love Unlimited Orchestra , a chart-topper from earlier in 1974. After the success of "Rock the Boat", the Hues Corporation's other charted singles on the Billboard Hot 100 included "Rockin' Soul" (1974, #18), "Love Corporation" (1975, #62), and "I Caught Your Act" (1977, #92). The group

1275-652: Is essentially conservative". It is, "provided from on high (by record companies, radio programmers, and concert promoters) rather than being made from below (...) Pop is not a do-it-yourself music but is professionally produced and packaged". According to Frith, characteristics of pop music include an aim of appealing to a general audience, rather than to a particular sub-culture or ideology, and an emphasis on craftsmanship rather than formal "artistic" qualities. Besides, Frith also offers three identifying characteristics of pop music: light entertainment, commercial imperatives, and personal identification. Pop music grew out of

1350-498: Is largely the story of the intertwining pop culture of the United States and the United Kingdom in the postwar era. According to Grove Music Online , "Western-derived pop styles, whether coexisting with or marginalizing distinctively local genres, have spread throughout the world and have come to constitute stylistic common denominators in global commercial music cultures". Some non-Western countries, such as Japan, have developed

1425-462: Is most in line with the tastes and interests of the urban middle class." The term "pop song" was first used in 1926, in the sense of a piece of music "having popular appeal". Hatch and Millward indicate that many events in the history of recording in the 1920s can be seen as the birth of the modern pop music industry, including in country , blues , and hillbilly music . According to the website of The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians ,

1500-430: Is that of a verse and a chorus, the chorus serving as the portion of the track that is designed to stick in the ear through simple repetition both musically and lyrically. The chorus is often where the music builds towards and is often preceded by "the drop" where the bass and drum parts "drop out". Common variants include the verse-chorus form and the thirty-two-bar form , with a focus on melodies and catchy hooks , and

1575-636: Is the oldest and largest music festival in Latin America , and one of the longest running music festivals in the world. It was cancelled in 2021 and 2022 due to COVID. The festival takes place for six days at the Quinta Vergara Amphitheater , a stage that has a capacity for 15,000 spectators, and is broadcast live on radio , television , streaming and online video platforms, regularly breaking viewing records with an estimated audience of around 250 million of people. Through television,

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1650-636: The Blacula -project Karl Russell was replaced by Fleming Williams and the group signed with RCA Records ; their second single for the label, "Freedom for the Stallion", from the album of the same name, became a moderate hit, reaching #63 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart . The third single from the album, " Rock the Boat ", became a #1 hit on the Billboard chart and the group's signature song . The bass player on

1725-434: The barbershop quartet-style harmony (i.e. ii – V – I) and blues scale -influenced harmony. There was a lessening of the influence of traditional views of the circle of fifths between the mid-1950s and the late 1970s, including less predominance for the dominant function . In October 2023, Billboard compiled a list of "the 500 best pop songs". In doing so, they noted the difficulty of defining "pop songs": One of

1800-593: The 1990s. Many sources claim the date of his death was September 1992, but other sources claim he died in February 1998. According to the Social Security Death Index, Fleming Williams died on February 15, 1998. His death has been attributed to a "long illness", although many others have also alluded to a long struggle with drugs. According to The New McCree Theatre in Williams' home town Flint , which in 2011 put on

1875-435: The American and (from the mid-1960s) British music industries , whose influence has made pop music something of an international monoculture, but most regions and countries have their own form of pop music, sometimes producing local versions of wider trends, and lending them local characteristics. Some of these trends (for example Europop ) have had a significant impact on the development of the genre. The story of pop music

1950-479: The Chilean TV-footage from 1979 promoting their performance at the Viña del Mar International Song Festival and is also shown on the cover of the group's last album Boogie Me, Move Me from 1980. Hubert Ann Kelley later left the group to become a minister. In later years, circa the 1990s St. Clair Lee revived the group and recruited Bruce Glover and Elaine Woodard as the new members. Fleming Wiliams died in

2025-550: The Festival for Santiago. At the beginning of the festival, a stage was improvised next to the Vergara Palace , a place where the audience sat on wooden chairs, or directly on the grass or dirt floor. In turn, many spectators sat They were located on the hills adjacent to the Quinta and on the tops of the nearby trees, giving the contest a provincial air. In 1963, the architect Hernando López designed an open-air amphitheater with

2100-613: The Festival's audience El Monstruo ("The Monster"). Earning acceptance from El Monstruo usually has a direct impact on an artist's popularity in the rest of Latin America. This is particularly true for Spanish speaking pop stars. Conversely, booing artists off the stage is not uncommon. Artists compete in the Festival's regular competitions for one of three awards, given in this order: "Antorcha de Plata" (Silver Torch), "Antorcha de Oro" (Golden Torch) and "Gaviota de Plata" (Silver Seagull). However, audience response may demand that one of

2175-553: The Festival. In the 2003 edition the Italian singer-songwriter Franco Simone received the "Lifetime Achievement Award" for having strung together thirty years of success in South America with his songs translated into Spanish. Notable directors, such as Fernando Rojas , have led some of the performances. Every year the festival selects a queen. Popular personalities apply to be queen, often offering outrageous stunts to win. The queen

2250-541: The Grammy-winning album Me enamoré in 1983), Andy Gibb , Neil Sedaka , Gloria Gaynor , Mr. Mister to name a few. In 1988 and 1989, Thomas Anders (of Modern Talking fame) was the festival's headliner, one of the first times an artist was invited back to perform two years in a row. Schultz and Mason also arranged for major international jurors including: George Martin (the Beatles' producer), Maurice Jarre (scored

2325-555: The Platinum Seagull was added in 2012 as a special award for performers with long influence throughout the festival's history. Only 3 artists have received it up to date. Each year the TV companies try to improve on the previous year's set. Millions are invested in creating elaborate stages. Winning countries Winning countries (since 2001, start of International Folk Contest) Every year international artists are invited to perform at

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2400-527: The Viña del Mar International Song Festival was modest. Thanks to the initiative of the mayor Gustavo Lorca and Carlos Ansaldo, director of the Department of Tourism and Public Relations of the Municipality of Viña del Mar, between February 21 and 28, 1960, a unique competition was organized, in which the contestants had to present an original song whose theme was the city of Viña del Mar; the winner would opt for

2475-479: The Viña del Mar International Song Festival, choosing to only promote and feature sympathetic artists, in particular those that were part of the Acto de Chacarillas in 1977. In the first years of his dictatorship, Pinochet was a decidedly regular guest at the festival. His advisor, Jaime Guzmán , was also spotted on several occasions at the festival. On one occasion, Festival presenter Antonio Vodanovic publicly praised

2550-460: The age of 76. Pop music Identifying factors of pop music usually include repeated choruses and hooks , short to medium-length songs written in a basic format (often the verse–chorus structure ), and rhythms or tempos that can be easily danced to. Much of pop music also borrows elements from other styles such as rock, urban , dance , Latin , and country . The terms popular music and pop music are often used interchangeably, although

2625-448: The background, giving preference to guest music stars, who are the true highlight of the event. Leading latin pop , ballad , bolero and latin rock artists have headlined, alongside hundreds of others who have appeared over the past six decades on stage encompassing such diverse genres as latin R&;B , latin trap , cumbia , salsa , reggaetón , bachata among others. The origin of

2700-399: The cold Viñamarina nights, debuted in 1967. Built of wood and steel, it imitated the flight of a seagull , becoming the most distinctive detail of the construction, which over the years, became an icon of the Festival, and in the image of the contest before the world. It stood for nearly four decades until its demolition and replacement in 2002. In the 1970s, the Festival began to spread to

2775-563: The contest. In 1971, representatives of the Soviet Union were applauded for their support of the Popular Unity (UP), while in 1972, South African Miriam Makeba was booed by the conservative sector for praising President Salvador Allende and exclaiming "long live the Chilean revolution!". Following the 1973 Chilean coup d'etat , the dictatorship headed by Augusto Pinochet came to control

2850-770: The decade, it was common for pop producers, songwriters, and engineers to freely experiment with musical form, orchestration , unnatural reverb , and other sound effects. Some of the best known examples are Phil Spector 's Wall of Sound and Joe Meek 's use of homemade electronic sound effects for acts like the Tornados . At the same time, pop music on radio and in both American and British film moved away from refined Tin Pan Alley to more eccentric songwriting and incorporated reverb-drenched electric guitar, symphonic strings, and horns played by groups of properly arranged and rehearsed studio musicians. A 2019 study held by New York University in which 643 participants had to rank how familiar

2925-407: The dictator and his wife, Lucia Hiriart , on behalf of "the Chilean youth". Supporters of the dictatorship appropriated the song Libre by Nino Bravo ; the song was, ultimately, performed live by Edmundo Arrocet in the first post-coup Viña Del Mar Festival, with Pinochet being present in the audience. Beginning in 1980, when the festival had gained popularity and started airing internationally,

3000-454: The early 1960s, [the term] 'pop music' competed terminologically with beat music [in England], while in the US its coverage overlapped (as it still does) with that of 'rock and roll'". From about 1967, the term "pop music" was increasingly used in opposition to the term rock music, a division that gave generic significance to both terms. While rock aspired to authenticity and an expansion of

3075-521: The early 2010s and later inspiring other highly influential artists including Billie Eilish and Taylor Swift , it gave space to a more sad and moody tone within pop music. Vi%C3%B1a del Mar International Song Festival The Viña del Mar International Song Festival ( Spanish : Festival Internacional de la Canción de Viña del Mar ) is an annual international music festival held every third week of February in Viña del Mar , Chile . Started in 1960 it

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3150-430: The event reaches the entire American continent , a large part of Europe , North Africa and Australia ; while via streaming to the whole world. It moves millions of dollars in sponsorships, associated television programs, advertising and tourism; and it receives extensive media coverage. Although popular and folk music competitions were the origin of the festival, during the last decades they have been relegated to

3225-574: The festival's history. The first two awards ever given were the Golden Lyre and Golden Harp in 1961. However, these two awards would be replaced by the Silver and Golden Seagull in 1969. In 1983, the Festival's commissioners decided to create the Silver and Golden Torch as a "second tier" award. This decision was made in order to add more variety to the awards, and make the Seagull the most prestigious award in

3300-433: The festival. For over 30 years, no changes were made to the awards. However, in 2015, the production team and Viña's municipality decided to eliminate the Silver and Golden Torch, leaving the Silver and Golden Seagull as the only awards that performers could aspire to get. The reason for this decision was all the critiques that the event was receiving about the high numbers of awards that an artist could receive. Finally,

3375-448: The festival. The 2008 Viña Festival was hosted by Sergio Lagos and Tonka Tomicic , and headlined by Nelly Furtado , Wisin & Yandel , and Earth, Wind & Fire . In 2009, artists such as Latin sensation Daddy Yankee and the legendary British band Simply Red captivated the audience of Viña. For its 50th edition, the festival's hosts were the late Felipe Camiroaga and news reader Soledad Onetto . The event has not been held in

3450-582: The films such as Doctor Zhivago , Lawrence of Arabia , Witness , A Passage To India , and Ghost ), Manoella Torres (Mason produced her hit duet, which was written by Schultz entitled "No me mires así"), Joey Travolta , Connie Stevens and many others. In the 1990s the broadcast rights to the Festival were given to Televisa and featured prominent Mexican Artists, as well as major Latin Artists. In 2008, American rock music band Journey played their first concert with new vocalist Arnel Pineda at

3525-428: The former more accurately describes all music that is targeted for mass appeal (compare art music ) and includes many disparate styles. Although much of the music that appears on record charts is considered to be pop music, the genre is distinguished from chart music . David Hatch and Stephen Millward describe pop music as "a body of music which is distinguishable from popular, jazz, and folk music". David Boyle,

3600-578: The genre evolved more influences ranging from classical , folk , rock , country , electronic music , and other popular genres became more prominent. In 2016, a Scientific Reports study that examined over 464,000 recordings of popular music recorded between 1955 and 2010 found that, compared to 1960s pop music, contemporary pop music uses a smaller variety of pitch progressions, greater average volume, less diverse instrumentation and recording techniques, and less timbral variety. Scientific American ' s John Matson reported that this "seems to support

3675-500: The group's name was The Children of Howard Hughes , which their record label turned down. The group was formed in 1969. Songwriter Wally Holmes founded the group with his friend Bernard St. Clair Lee. Female singer H. Ann Kelley was found at a talent show in Los Angeles . As a result of notices placed in southern California record stores, Karl Russell turned up. They recorded a single "Goodfootin'" / "We're Keepin' Our Business" that

3750-409: The home. By the early 1980s, the promotion of pop music had been greatly affected by the rise of music television channels like MTV , which "favoured those artists such as Michael Jackson and Madonna who had a strong visual appeal". Multi-track recording (from the 1960s) and digital sampling (from the 1980s) have also been used as methods for the creation and elaboration of pop music. During

3825-414: The late 1970s and would not reemerge until the rise of Internet stars. Indie pop , which developed in the late 1970s, marked another departure from the glamour of contemporary pop music, with guitar bands formed on the then-novel premise that one could record and release their own music without having to procure a record contract from a major label. The 1980s are commonly remembered for an increase in

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3900-401: The late 20th century that became global superstars include Whitney Houston , Michael Jackson , Madonna , George Michael , and Prince . At the beginning of the 2000s, the trends that dominated during the late 1990s still continued, but the music industry started to change as people began to download music from the internet. People were able to discover genres and artists that were outside of

3975-501: The main purpose of pop music is to create revenue. It is not a medium of free articulation of the people. Instead, pop music seeks to supply the nature of personal desire and achieve the instant empathy with cliche personalities, stereotypes, and melodrama that appeals to listeners. It is mostly about how much revenue pop music makes for record companies. Music scholar Timothy Warner said pop music typically has an emphasis on recording, production, and technology, rather than live performance;

4050-508: The mainstream and propel them to fame, but at the same time smaller artists had a harder time making a living because their music was being pirated. Popular artists were Avril Lavigne , Justin Timberlake , NSYNC , Christina Aguilera , Destiny's Child , and Britney Spears . Pop music often came from many different genres, with each genre in turn influencing the next one, blurring the lines between them and making them less distinct. This change

4125-448: The manner in which pop has been disseminated", which helped to move pop music to "a record/radio/film star system". Another technological change was the widespread availability of television in the 1950s with televised performances, which meant that "pop stars had to have a visual presence". In the 1960s, the introduction of inexpensive, portable transistor radios meant that teenagers in the developed world could listen to music outside of

4200-423: The masses, especially from 1971, when the broadcast rights were granted to Televisión Nacional de Chile (TVN), with coverage in much of the country. During those same years, the political tension of the moment was strongly present. In 1970, the presidential elections were held in which the socialist Salvador Allende was elected president, which would mark the country and divide it politically, also influencing

4275-500: The media. Some of the women chosen as Queen include: Celia Cruz , Diana Bolocco , Thalía , Sigrid Alegría , Yuri , Raffaella Carrà , Tonka Tomicic , and Gloria Trevi . In February 2023, the definitive elimination of the Reina de Viña was announced (assuming the election of the Rey would never take place), before the refusal of the municipality headed by the mayor Macarena Ripamonti, due to

4350-403: The mid-1960s, pop music made repeated forays into new sounds, styles, and techniques that inspired public discourse among its listeners. The word "progressive" was frequently used, and it was thought that every song and single was to be a "progression" from the last. Music critic Simon Reynolds writes that beginning with 1967, a divide would exist between "progressive" pop and "mass/chart" pop,

4425-688: The play "Rock The Boat: The Fleming Williams Story" co-written by Williams' mother, Fleming Williams actually committed suicide in 1998. Founding member St. Clair Lee died on March 8, 2011, in Lake Elsinore, California . He is said to have died from natural causes at the age of 66, as written in the Los Angeles Times obituaries in March. He was survived by his mother, sons, and sister. Original member Hubert Ann Kelley died in Los Angeles on July 20, 2023, at

4500-802: The pop music styles that developed alongside other music styles is Latin pop , which rose in popularity in the US during the 1950s with early rock and roll success Ritchie Valens . Later, Los Lobos and Chicano rock gained in popularity during the 1970s and 1980s, and musician Selena saw large-scale popularity in the 1980s and 1990s, along with crossover appeal with fans of Tejano musicians Lydia Mendoza and Little Joe . With later Hispanic and Latino Americans seeing success within pop music charts, 1990s pop successes stayed popular in both their original genres and in broader pop music. Latin pop hit singles, such as " Macarena " by Los del Río and " Despacito " by Luis Fonsi , have seen record-breaking success on worldwide pop music charts. Notable pop artists of

4575-400: The popular anecdotal observation that pop music of yore was "better", or at least more varied, than today's top-40 stuff". However, he also noted that the study may not have been entirely representative of pop in each generation. In the 1960s, the majority of mainstream pop music fell in two categories: guitar, drum and bass groups or singers backed by a traditional orchestra. Since early in

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4650-448: The possibilities of popular music, pop was more commercial, ephemeral, and accessible. According to British musicologist Simon Frith , pop music is produced "as a matter of enterprise not art", and is "designed to appeal to everyone" but "doesn't come from any particular place or mark off any particular taste". Frith adds that it is "not driven by any significant ambition except profit and commercial reward [...] and, in musical terms, it

4725-503: The reasons pop can be hard to summarize is because there’s no real sonic or musical definition to it. There are common elements to a lot of the biggest pop songs, but at the end of the day, "pop" means "popular" first and foremost, and just about any song that becomes popular enough...can be considered a pop song. In the 1940s, improved microphone design allowed a more intimate singing style and, ten or twenty years later, inexpensive and more durable 45 rpm records for singles "revolutionized

4800-471: The regime took advantage of this opportunity to promote a favourable image of Chile to the rest of the world. To that end, the 1981 festival committee had a larger budget with which to feature popular foreign artists, including Miguel Bosé , Julio Iglesias and Camilo Sesto . The folk music portion of the festival had become increasingly politicized during the Allende years , and was suspended by organizers from

4875-711: The session for "Rock the Boat" was Wilton Felder, not James Jamerson as previously reported. "Rock the Boat" was written by Holmes, who also wrote the Blacula songs, and was released in the U.S. in February 1974 and in the UK in July of that year. It went to #1 for one week in the U.S. and #6 for two weeks in the UK, staying for 18 weeks in the U.S. chart with a gold disc awarded by the RIAA on 24 June 1974. The track sold well over two million copies. The song

4950-573: The term "pop music" "originated in Britain in the mid-1950s as a description for rock and roll and the new youth music styles that it influenced". The Oxford Dictionary of Music states that while pop's "earlier meaning meant concerts appealing to a wide audience [...] since the late 1950s, however, pop has had the special meaning of non-classical mus[ic], usually in the form of songs, performed by such artists as The Beatles , The Rolling Stones , ABBA , etc." Grove Music Online also states that "[...] in

5025-409: The term "pop music" may be used to describe a distinct genre, designed to appeal to all, often characterized as "instant singles-based music aimed at teenagers" in contrast to rock music as "album-based music for adults". Pop music continuously evolves along with the term's definition. According to music writer Bill Lamb, popular music is defined as "the music since industrialization in the 1800s that

5100-477: The three awards - or, progressively, all three- also be awarded to an established act as their performance progresses. An artist who "tames the "Monstruo" " by earning all three awards receives almost instant recognition as a major star by Chilean and Latin American media. Artists perform in the Festival de Viña with the goal of receiving as many awards as possible, which will depend on their success with " El Monstruo ." The awards have had multiple changes throughout

5175-427: The time of the coup until 1980. Between 1984 and 1989 Leonardo Schultz and Gary H. Mason , one of the pioneers of the reggaeton movement, teamed up to help revamp the festival and streamline its operations. They arranged for the appearance of artists including: The Police , Air Supply , Eddie Money , Sheena Easton , Jose Feliciano (the pair produced his Grammy-nominated album Escenas de Amor in 1982, as well as

5250-623: The use of digital recording , associated with the usage of synthesizers , with synth-pop music and other electronic genres featuring non-traditional instruments increasing in popularity. By 2014, pop music worldwide had been permeated by electronic dance music . In 2018, researchers at the University of California, Irvine , concluded that pop music has become 'sadder' since the 1980s. The elements of happiness and brightness have eventually been replaced with electronic beats making pop music more 'sad yet danceable'. Pop music has been dominated by

5325-465: The years 2021 and 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic . In March 2022, the return of the 62nd edition of the Viña del Mar International Song Festival was confirmed for the year 2023. Traditionally, the Festival's audience openly demonstrates its acceptance or displeasure with the established acts performing there, as well as contestants in the two competitions. As a result, the Chilean media has nicknamed

5400-453: Was epitomized in Spears' highly influential 2007 album Blackout , which under the influence of producer Danja , mixed the sounds of EDM , avant-funk , R&B , dance music , and hip hop . By 2010, pop music impacted by dance music came to be dominant on the charts. Instead of radio setting the trends, it was now the club. At the beginning of the 2010s, Will.i.am stated, "The new bubble

5475-403: Was initially replaced by Tommy Brown. In an interview with Gary James, St. Clair Lee said that after some time Williams was brought back into the group and in turn replaced Tommy Brown. Around 1975, Karl Russell rejoined the band taking over the role of lead singer after Fleming Williams had left for good. Around 1979, Kenny James took over as lead singer from Karl Russell. James can be seen in

5550-464: Was released by Liberty Records in 1970. It did not chart. Still with Karl Russell, the group's first big break came in 1972, when they were invited to appear in the blaxploitation film , Blacula , starring William Marshall . They were also asked to record three songs for the film's soundtrack : "There He Is Again", "What the World Knows", and "I'm Gonna Catch You". After their participation in

5625-461: Was unable to duplicate the success of their earlier hits and disbanded sometime around 1980. Whereas some sources claim the year of disbanding as early as 1978, archive footage of a television special for the Chilean TV in 1979 promoting their performance at the Viña del Mar International Song Festival proves the opposite. Furthermore, in 1980 the Hues Corporation released one last single in the US and

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