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30-517: Lake Khövsgöl Khövsgöl Province Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Hovsgol . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hovsgol&oldid=1088415570 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

60-544: A tropical rainforest and produces some of the most spectacular wildflowers in the world. It is however, severely threatened by climate change which has moved the winter rain belt south, and also by clearing for agriculture and through use of fertilizers , which is primarily driven by low land costs which make farming economic even with yields a fraction of those in Europe or North America. An example of oligotrophic soils are those on white-sands, with soil pH lower than 5.0, on

90-466: A large abundance of psychrophiles that are well adapted to living in an Antarctic biome. Most oligotrophs live in lakes where water helps support biochemical processes for growth and survival. Below are some documented examples of oligotrophic environments in Antarctica: Lake Vostok , a freshwater lake which has been isolated from the world beneath 4 km (2.5 mi) of Antarctic ice

120-528: Is a National Park bigger than Yellowstone and strictly protected as a transition zone between Central Asian Steppe and the Siberian Taiga . Despite Hovsgol's protected status, illegal fishing is common and prohibitions against commercial fishing with gillnets are seldom enforced. The lake is traditionally considered sacred in a land suffering from arid conditions where most lakes are salty. The Hövsgöl (Khövsgöl) Long-term Ecological Research Site (LTERS)

150-548: Is an organism that can live in an environment that offers very low levels of nutrients . They may be contrasted with copiotrophs , which prefer nutritionally rich environments. Oligotrophs are characterized by slow growth, low rates of metabolism, and generally low population density. Oligotrophic environments are those that offer little to sustain life. These environments include deep oceanic sediments, caves, glacial and polar ice, deep subsurface soil, aquifers, ocean waters, and leached soils. Examples of oligotrophic organisms are

180-647: Is derived from Turkic words for "Khob Su Kol, means Lake with Great water" Göl is the Turkic word for "lake" and today the Mongolian word for river. There are a number of different transcription variants, depending on whether the Cyrillic "х" is transliterated to "h" or "kh," or whether the "ө" is transliterated to "ö," "o," or "u." Transcriptions from the name in the classical Mongolian script , like Hubsugul, Khubsugul etc. may also be seen. Oligotrophic An oligotroph

210-477: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Lake Kh%C3%B6vsg%C3%B6l The lake's name is also spelled Hovsgol , Khövsgöl , or Huvsgul in English texts. In Mongolian it is also referred to as Хөвсгөл далай ( Hövsgöl dalai ; lit.   ' Ocean Khövsgöl ' ) or Далай ээж ( Dalai éj ; lit.   ' Ocean Mother ' ). Lake Khuvsgul

240-467: Is frequently held to be a primary example of an oligotrophic environment. Analysis of ice samples showed ecologically separated microenvironments. Isolation of microorganisms from each microenvironment led to the discovery of a wide range of different microorganisms present within the ice sheet. Traces of fungi have also been observed which suggests potential for unique symbiotic interactions. The lake’s extensive oligotrophy has led some to believe parts of

270-546: Is located about 11 km from the lake's eastern shore, and 50 km north of the town of Hatgal . Khuvsgul is one of seventeen ancient lakes in the world, being more than 2 million years old, and the most pristine (apart from Lake Vostok ), as well as being the most significant drinking water reserve of Mongolia. Its water is potable without any treatment. Hovsgol is an ultra oligotrophic lake with low levels of nutrients, primary productivity and high water clarity ( Secchi depths > 18 m are common). The Lake area

300-505: Is located in the northwest of Mongolia near the Russian border , at the foot of the eastern Sayan Mountains . It is 1,645 metres (5,397 feet) above sea level , 136 kilometres (85 miles) long and 262 metres (860 feet) deep. It is the second-most voluminous freshwater lake in Asia, and holds almost 70% of Mongolia's fresh water and 0.4% of all the fresh water in the world. The town of Hatgal lies at

330-520: Is low, and remobilise them when demand increases. Oligotrophs occupy environments where the available nutrients offer little to sustain life. The term “ oligotrophic ” is commonly used to describe terrestrial and aquatic environments with very low concentrations of nitrates, iron, phosphates, and carbon sources. Oligotrophs have acquired survival mechanisms that involve the expression of genes during periods of low nutrient conditions, which has allowed them to find success in various environments. Despite

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360-443: Is reduced by very slow growth rates, and by efficient use of low-availability nutrients; for example, the use of highly available ions to maintain turgor pressure , with low-availability nutrients reserved for the building of tissues. Despite these adaptations, nutrient requirement typically exceed uptake during the growing season, so many oligotrophic plants have the ability to store nutrients, for example, in trunk tissues, when demand

390-473: Is species-poor compared to that of Lake Baikal. Species of commercial and recreational interest include Eurasian perch ( Perca fluviatilis ), burbot ( Lota lota ), lenok ( Brachymystax lenok ), and the endangered endemic Hovsgol grayling ( Thymallus nigrescens ). Though endangered by poaching during its spawning runs, the Hovsgol grayling is still abundant throughout much of the lake. The name Khövsgöl

420-481: Is strong enough to carry heavy trucks; transport routes on its surface offer shortcuts to the normal roads. However, this practice is now forbidden, to prevent pollution of the lake from both oil leaks and trucks breaking through the ice. An estimated 30–40 vehicles have broken through the ice into the lake over the years. There is a roughly elliptical island in the middle of the lake, named Wooden Boy Island , measuring 3 km east–west and 2 km north–south. It

450-476: Is the presence of fungi, because Collimonas have the ability of not only hydrolyzing the chitin produced by fungi for nutrients, but also producing materials (e.g., P. fluorescens 2-79) to protect themselves from fungal infection. The mutual relationship is common in the oligotrophic environments. Additionally, Collimonas can also obtain electron sources from rocks and minerals by weathering . In terms of polar areas, such as Antarctic and Arctic region,

480-506: The Cambrian and there has been no glaciation to renew soils since the Carboniferous . Thus, soils are extremely nutrient-poor and most vegetation must use strategies such as cluster roots to gain even the smallest quantities of such nutrients as phosphorus and sulfur . The vegetation in these regions, however, is remarkable for its biodiversity , which in places is as great as that of

510-566: The Rio Negro basin on northern Amazonia that house very low-diversity, extremely fragile forests and savannahs drained by blackwater rivers ; dark water colour due to high concentration of tannins , humic acids and other organic compounds derived from the very slow decomposition of plant matter. Similar forests are found in the oligotrophic waters of the Patía River delta on the Pacific side of

540-635: The Andes. In the ocean , the subtropical gyres north and south of the equator are regions in which the nutrients required for phytoplankton growth (for instance, nitrate , phosphate and silicic acid ) are strongly depleted all year round. These areas are described as oligotrophic and exhibit low surface chlorophyll . They are occasionally described as "ocean deserts". The oligotrophic soil environments include agricultural soil, frozen soil, et cetera . Various factors, such as decomposition , soil structure, fertilization and temperature , can affect

570-607: The capability to live in low nutrient concentrations, oligotrophs may find difficulty surviving in nutrient-rich environments. The presence of excess nutrients overwhelm oligotroph's metabolic systems, which cause them to struggle to regulate nutrient uptake. For example, oligotroph's enzymes function well in low nutrient environments, but struggle in high nutrient environments. Antarctic environments offer very little to sustain life as most organisms are not well adapted to live under nutrient-limiting conditions and cold temperatures (lower than 5 °C). As such, these environments display

600-777: The cave-dwelling olm ; the bacterium " Candidatus Pelagibacter communis ", which is the most abundant organism in the ocean (with an estimated 2 × 10 individuals in total); and lichens , with their extremely low metabolic rate . Etymologically , the word "oligotroph" is a combination of the Greek adjective oligos (ὀλίγος) meaning "few" and the adjective trophikos (τροφικός) meaning "feeding". Plant adaptations to oligotrophic soils provide for greater and more efficient nutrient uptake, reduced nutrient consumption, and efficient nutrient storage. Improvements in nutrient uptake are facilitated by root adaptations such as nitrogen-fixing root nodules , mycorrhizae and cluster roots . Consumption

630-527: The lake are completely sterile. This lake is a helpful tool for simulating studies regarding extraterrestrial life on frozen planets and other celestial bodies. Crooked Lake is an ultra-oligotrophic glacial lake with a thin distribution of heterotrophic and autotrophic microorganisms. The microbial loop plays a big role in cycling nutrients and energy within this lake, despite particularly low bacterial abundance and productivity in these environments. The little ecological diversity can be attributed to

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660-536: The lake's low annual temperatures. Species discovered in this lake include Ochromonas , Chlamydomonas , Scourfeldia , Cryptomonas , Akistrodesmus falcatus , and Daphniopsis studeri (a microcrustacean). It is proposed that low competitive selection against Daphniopsis studeri has allowed the species to survive long enough to reproduce in nutrient limiting environments. The sandplains and lateritic soils of southern Western Australia , where an extremely thick craton has precluded any geological activity since

690-402: The lake, showing that even small rural populations can cause high plastics pollution levels, as high as elsewhere around the world. The park is home to a variety of wildlife such as ibex , argali , elk , wolf , wolverine , musk deer , brown bear , Siberian moose , and sable . It has also been identified as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International . Hovsgol's fish community

720-406: The nutrient-availability in the soil environments. Generally, the nutrient becomes less available along the depth of the soil environment, because on the surface, the organic compounds decomposed from the plant and animal debris are consumed quickly by other microbes, resulting in the lack of nutrient in the deeper level of soil. In addition, the metabolic waste produced by the microorganisms on

750-403: The soil environment is considered as oligotrophic because the soil is frozen with low biological activities. The most abundant species in the frozen soil are Actinomycetota , Pseudomonadota , Acidobacteriota and Cyanobacteria , together with a small amount of archaea and fungi. Actinomycetota can maintain the activity of their metabolic enzymes and continue their biochemical reactions under

780-430: The soil provides the alternative sources for the species living in the oligotrophic soil. In terms of the agricultural lands, the application of fertilizer has a complicated impact on the source of carbon, either increasing or decreasing the organic carbon in the soil. Collimonas is one of the genera that are capable of living in the oligotrophic soil. One common feature of the environments where Collimonas lives

810-503: The southern border of the great Siberian taiga forest, where the dominant tree is the Siberian larch ( Larix sibirica ). The lake is surrounded by several mountain ranges. The highest mountain is the Bürenkhaan / Mönkh Saridag (3,492 metres (11,457 feet)), whose peak, north of the lake, lies exactly on the border with Russia . The lake freezes over completely in winter, and the ice cover

840-587: The southern end of the lake. Lake Khuvsgul's watershed is relatively small, and it has only small tributaries. It is drained at the southern end by the Egiin Gol , which connects to the Selenge and ultimately flows into Lake Baikal . Between the two lakes, its waters travel more than 1,000 km (621 mi), and fall 1,169 metres (3,835 feet), although the line-of-sight distance is only about 200 km (124 mi). Its location in northern Mongolia forms one part of

870-410: The surface also causes the accumulation of toxic chemicals in the deeper area. Furthermore, oxygen and water are important for some metabolic pathways, but it is difficult for water and oxygen to diffuse as the depth increases. Some factors such as: soil aggregates, pores and extracellular enzymes, may help water, oxygen and other nutrients diffuse into the soil. Moreover, the presence of mineral under

900-531: Was established in 1997 and an extensive research program began soon thereafter. Now part of an international network of long-term study sites, the Hövsgöl LTERS provides a stage for nurturing Mongolia's scientific and environmental infrastructures, studying climate change, and developing sustainable responses to some of environmental challenges facing the lake and its watershed. Recent studies has identified high levels of plastic pollution (esp. microplastics ) in

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