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29-462: Houhora is a locality and harbour on the east side of the Aupouri Peninsula of Northland , New Zealand. It is 41 km (25 mi) north of Kaitaia . Waihopo, Te Raupo, Pukenui, Raio and Houhora Heads are associated localities on the southern shores of the harbour. State Highway 1 passes through all these localities except for Houhora Heads. Te Kao is 24 km north west, and Waiharara

58-478: A conclusion. Use of the aquifer for the avocado industry has caused concerns for the public regarding water security for local communities, and the potential environmental impact on the nearby Kaimaumau wetland . Tombolo Several islands tied together by bars which rise above the water level are called a tombolo cluster . Two or more tombolos may form an enclosure (called a lagoon ) that can eventually fill with sediment. The shoreline moves toward

87-412: A convergence of longshore drift on the opposite side of the island. The beach sediments that are moving by lateral transport on the lee side of the island will accumulate there, conforming to the shape of the wave pattern. In other words, the waves sweep sediment together from both sides. Eventually, when enough sediment has built up, the beach shoreline, known as a spit, will connect with an island and form

116-548: A mere 10 kilometres, a width which it maintains approximately for the last 100 kilometres of its thrust to the north. At the base of the peninsula to the east is the natural inlet of the Rangaunu Harbour. Beyond this lies the Karikari Peninsula and the broad sweep of Doubtless Bay. The east coast of the peninsula is dominated by Rangaunu Bay in the south and Great Exhibition Bay in the north. Towards its northern tip

145-463: A number of small lakes in the Aupōuri Peninsula, such as Lake Waiparera , Lake Heather, Lake Ngatu , and Lake Rotoroa . There is a possibility to use these as "window lakes" presenting an extension of the groundwater table ("window lakes" would be affected by groundwater pumping due to the direct hydraulically connection with the aquifer), there is however, little data available on which to base

174-467: A tombolo because it links the island to the land, it is better thought of in terms of its formation as a spit , because the sand or shingle ridge is parallel rather than at right angles to the coast. Tombolos demonstrate the sensitivity of shorelines . A small piece of land, such as an island, or a beached shipwreck can change the way that waves move, leading to different deposition of sediments. Sea level rise may also contribute to accretion, as material

203-470: A tombolo. In the case of longshore drift due to an oblique wave direction, like at Chesil Beach or Spurn Head , the flow of material is along the coast in a movement which is not determined by wave diffraction around the now tied island , such as the Isle of Portland , which it has reached. In this and similar cases like Cádiz , while the strip of beach material connected to the island may be technically called

232-411: Is 22 km south east. The harbour is long and narrow, mostly sheltered, with exposed sand banks at low tide. There is a deep channel along the southern shore as far as Pukenui Wharf. Tohoraha / Mount Camel (also called Mt Houhora) is a 236-metre hill forming the north head. The south head is flat. Houhora Mountain was the first part of New Zealand that the early explorer Kupe saw, but he thought it

261-410: Is pushed up with rising sea levels. Tombolos are more prone to natural fluctuations of profile and area as a result of tidal and weather events than a normal beach is. Because of this susceptibility to weathering, tombolos are sometimes made more sturdy through the construction of roads or parking lots. The sediments that make up a tombolo are coarser towards the bottom and finer towards the surface. It

290-510: Is the natural inlet of Parengarenga Harbour , beyond which lies North Cape . Spirits Bay and Tom Bowling Bay are located on northernmost of the land. The peninsula's best-known feature is on the other coast: almost the entire west coast is the 88-kilometre long Ninety Mile Beach . At its northern end, the peninsula widens to 30 kilometres. Here there are several capes that appear to be the northernmost point of New Zealand's main islands: Cape Maria van Diemen , North Cape , Cape Reinga , and

319-711: The 2018 census , and an increase of 996 people (29.3%) since the 2013 census . There were 2,235 males, 2,151 females and 12 people of other genders in 1,587 dwellings. 2.0% of people identified as LGBTIQ+ . There were 915 people (20.8%) aged under 15 years, 705 (16.0%) aged 15 to 29, 1,896 (43.1%) aged 30 to 64, and 879 (20.0%) aged 65 or older. People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 61.5% European ( Pākehā ); 60.8% Māori ; 5.8% Pasifika ; 1.8% Asian ; 0.2% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 2.7% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English

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348-520: The Musket Wars of the early 19th century. In the 19th century, Houhora Harbour provisioned whalers , and residents mounted their own whaling expeditions in open boats. Three families – Wagener, Subritzky and Yates – settled in the area to farm and trade. The Subritzky family, who arrived near Motueka in 1843, claim to be New Zealand's first Polish settlers. They moved to Australia and then to Houhora Heads. Their homestead there took two years to build in

377-488: The Māori tribes that inhabits it. The two statistical areas making up the Aupōuri Peninsula cover 1,103.19 km (425.94 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 4,550 as of June 2024, with a population density of 4 people per km . The statistical areas include Awanui to the south of the peninsula. Aupōuri Peninsula had a population of 4,395 in the 2023 New Zealand census , an increase of 483 people (12.3%) since

406-598: The Surville Cliffs , which is the actual northernmost point by a few hundred metres, at latitude 34° 23' 47" South. Only a handful of islands in the Three Kings and Kermadec chains lie further north in New Zealand. Although there are a number of settlements with over 100 people, including Te Hapua, Te Kao, Pukenui and Kaimaumau, the peninsula is sparsely inhabited, with a population of approximately 3,900. For this reason,

435-568: The Three Kings Islands on 9 November 1902, arrived in Houhora the following day with 52 survivors. One of the whalers immediately was dispatched to intercept any vessel along the coast to divert it to the Three Kings. This mission was successful. In the latter 19th century and early 20th century, land around Houhora was used for the kauri gum digging trade. By the 1910s, the kauri gum industry

464-449: The 1860s. It was sold to a member of the Wagener family in 1897. The homestead, now largely restored, is open to the public. The Wagener Museum at Houhora Heads, built by W. E. Wagener, was built near the homestead. It contained an eclectic collection of artefacts, but closed in 2003 and a substantial part of the collection was sold off. A lifeboat from SS Elingamite , which was wrecked on

493-453: The area's roads are largely only metalled rather than being sealed . The main road ( State Highway 1 ) is sealed, the final section completed in April 2010. Ninety Mile Beach is a designated highway, but most rental contracts include it in "prohibited roads". The nearest town to the capes at the tip of the peninsula is Kaitaia, 100 kilometres to the south. It is named after Te Aupōuri , one of

522-407: The census question. Of those at least 15 years old, 12 (6.9%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 102 (58.6%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 54 (31.0%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $ 26,900, compared with $ 41,500 nationally. 6 people (3.4%) earned over $ 100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15

551-504: The census question. Of those at least 15 years old, 324 (9.3%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 2,034 (58.4%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 1,038 (29.8%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. 147 people (4.2%) earned over $ 100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 1,467 (42.2%) people were employed full-time, 495 (14.2%) were part-time, and 147 (4.2%) were unemployed. The Aupōuri Aquifer extends along

580-466: The island (or detached breakwater ) owing to the accretion of sand in the lee of the island, where wave energy and longshore drift are reduced and therefore deposition of sand occurs. True tombolos are formed by wave refraction and diffraction . As waves near an island, they are slowed by the shallow water surrounding it. These waves then bend around the island to the opposite side as they approach. The wave pattern created by this water movement causes

609-601: The northern part of the Far North District , incorporating North Cape, Houhora and the northern half of Awanui . The peninsula was an important location for the kauri gum digging trade, which peaked between 1890 and 1935. High quality kauri gum was found around the Parengarenga Harbour in the north, which led to the development of the Parenga Gumfield Company. After 1910, gum digging intensified in

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638-542: The southern half of the peninsula, as the poorer grade gum found in this region greatly increased in value. It is a peninsula on a peninsula, being part of the massive Northland Peninsula (also called the North Auckland Peninsula) which makes up nearly one twelfth of New Zealand's land area. Close to the northern town of Kaitaia , the Northland Peninsula suddenly narrows from a width of 60 kilometres to

667-409: The whole length of Te Oneroa-a-Tōhē / Ninety Mile Beach , and includes lowlying land between Waimanoni and Ahipara, covering a total land area of 75,322 hectares. Groundwater levels are monitored and water allocation limits are set by Northland Regional Council. Resource consents for water takes include conditions for monitoring bores to observe water levels and any saltwater intrusion . There are

696-422: Was 39.2 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 63 people (26.6%) aged under 15 years, 33 (13.9%) aged 15 to 29, 111 (46.8%) aged 30 to 64, and 33 (13.9%) aged 65 or older. People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 57.0% European ( Pākehā ); 53.2% Māori , 6.3% Pasifika , 1.3% Asian , and 6.3% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English

725-419: Was a whale, according to Māori legend. Houhora was a Māori base settlement in the early 14th century. Snapper, seals, dolphins, moa and other birds were food sources. James Cook named Mt Camel, on the north head of Houhora Harbour, on 10 December 1769. He described it in his log as "a high mountain or hill standing upon a desert shore." Te Houtaewa was a Te Aupōuri athlete who was killed at Pukenui during

754-508: Was centred in Houhora and Ahipara. Houhora is in an SA1 statistical area which covers 26.04 km (10.05 sq mi). The SA1 area is part of the larger North Cape statistical area . The SA1 statistical area had a population of 237 in the 2023 New Zealand census , an increase of 63 people (36.2%) since the 2018 census , and an increase of 93 people (64.6%) since the 2013 census . There were 111 males, and 126 females in 75 dwellings. 1.3% of people identified as LGBTIQ+ . The median age

783-557: Was spoken by 96.8%, Māori language by 17.7%, Samoan by 0.3% and other languages by 3.8%. No language could be spoken by 1.8% (e.g. too young to talk). New Zealand Sign Language was known by 0.5%. The percentage of people born overseas was 7.4, compared with 28.8% nationally. Religious affiliations were 33.0% Christian , 0.1% Hindu , 0.1% Islam , 12.7% Māori religious beliefs , 0.1% Buddhist , 0.3% New Age , 0.1% Jewish , and 0.5% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 45.1%, and 8.3% of people did not answer

812-433: Was spoken by 97.5%, Māori language by 10.1%, and other languages by 1.3%. No language could be spoken by 2.5% (e.g. too young to talk). The percentage of people born overseas was 2.5, compared with 28.8% nationally. Religious affiliations were 30.4% Christian , 5.1% Māori religious beliefs , 1.3% New Age , and 1.3% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 58.2%, and 5.1% of people did not answer

841-577: Was that 63 (36.2%) people were employed full-time, 27 (15.5%) were part-time, and 3 (1.7%) were unemployed. [REDACTED] Media related to Aupouri Peninsula at Wikimedia Commons Aupouri Peninsula The Aupōuri Peninsula is a tombolo at the northern tip of the North Island of New Zealand . It projects between the Tasman Sea to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east. It constitutes

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