Autocephaly recognized by some autocephalous Churches de jure :
73-470: Autocephaly and canonicity recognized by Constantinople and 3 other autocephalous Churches: Spiritual independence recognized by Georgian Orthodox Church: Semi-Autonomous: The horologion or horologium ( pl. horologia ), also known by other names , is the book of hours for the Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Churches . It provides the acolouthia ( ἀκολουθίαι , akolouthíai ),
146-558: A breviary , normally contains a version of, or selection from, such prayers. In the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church, canonical hours are also called officium , since it refers to the official prayer of the Church, which is known variously as the officium divinum ("divine service" or "divine duty"), and the opus Dei ("work of God"). The current official version of the hours in
219-717: A massive plural and a numerative plural , the first implying a large mass and the second implying division. For example, "the waters of the Atlantic Ocean" versus, "the waters of [each of] the Great Lakes". Ghil'ad Zuckermann uses the term superplural to refer to massive plural. He argues that the Australian Aboriginal Barngarla language has four grammatical numbers: singular, dual, plural and superplural . For example: A given language may make plural forms of nouns by various types of inflection , including
292-505: A sundial , clepsydra , or other timekeeping device . (The same roots are used in horology , the scientific study of time .) In Byzantine Greek , the word was repurposed to also denote the Eastern books of hours , records of the hymns and prayers to be offered at the proper times of each day. The plural form of both the Latin and Greek forms of the word is horologia . In English, the horologion
365-453: A day I praise you for your righteous laws" (of this, Symeon of Thessalonica writes that "the times of prayer and the services are seven in number, like the number of gifts of the Spirit, since the holy prayers are from the Spirit"). In Act 10:9, the decision to include Gentiles among the community of believers, arose from a vision Peter had while praying about noontime. Early Christians prayed
438-415: A lesser extent) dual are extremely rare. Languages with numerical classifiers such as Chinese and Japanese lack any significant grammatical number at all, though they are likely to have plural personal pronouns . Some languages (like Mele-Fila ) distinguish between a plural and a greater plural. A greater plural refers to an abnormally large number for the object of discussion. The distinction between
511-507: A new translation of the psalms and establishing a special commission to study a general revision, with a view to which all the bishops were consulted in 1955. His successor, Pope John XXIII , made a further revision in 1960. Following the Second Vatican Council , the Catholic Church's Roman Rite simplified the observance of the canonical hours and sought to make them more suited to the needs of today's apostolate and accessible to
584-544: A plural form can pull double duty as the singular form (or vice versa), as has happened with the word "data" . The plural is used, as a rule, for quantities other than one (and other than those quantities represented by other grammatical numbers, such as dual, which a language may possess). Thus it is frequently used with numbers higher than one ( two cats , 101 dogs , four and a half hours ) and for unspecified amounts of countable things ( some men , several cakes , how many lumps? , birds have feathers ). The precise rules for
657-546: A plural is the English word boys , which corresponds to the singular boy . Words of other types, such as verbs , adjectives and pronouns , also frequently have distinct plural forms, which are used in agreement with the number of their associated nouns. Some languages also have a dual (denoting exactly two of something) or other systems of number categories. However, in English and many other languages, singular and plural are
730-617: A plural sense, as in the government are agreed . The reverse is also possible: the United States is a powerful country . See synesis , and also English plural § Singulars as plural and plurals as singular . In part-of-speech tagging notation, tags are used to distinguish different types of plurals based on their grammatical and semantic context. Resolution varies, for example the Penn-Treebank tagset (~36 tags) has two tags: NNS - noun, plural, and NPS - Proper noun, plural , while
803-439: A plural when it means water from a particular source ( different waters make for different beers ) and in expressions like by the waters of Babylon . Certain collective nouns do not have a singular form and exist only in the plural, such as " clothes ". There are also nouns found exclusively or almost exclusively in the plural, such as the English scissors . These are referred to with the term plurale tantum . Occasionally,
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#1732852230547876-408: A word may in fact have a number of plural forms, to allow for simultaneous agreement within other categories such as case , person and gender , as well as marking of categories belonging to the word itself (such as tense of verbs, degree of comparison of adjectives, etc.) Verbs often agree with their subject in number (as well as in person and sometimes gender). Examples of plural forms are
949-742: Is also sometimes known as the Book of Hours or the Orthodox book of hours, from the nearest Roman Catholic equivalent . The book is known as the Chasoslov ( Часocлoвъ ) in Church Slavonic and as the Orologhion or Ceaslov in Romanian . The horologion is primarily a book for the use of the reader and chanters . The Euchologion is used by the priest and deacon instead. Several varieties of horologia exist,
1022-710: Is most commonly used in Greek -speaking churches. Other editions of the horologion are usually shorter. They still give the fixed portions of the Daily Office in full, but other texts are much more abbreviated since they are found in full in other liturgical books . In addition, such texts also often contain morning and evening prayers, the Order of Preparation for Holy Communion , and prayers to be said after receiving Holy Communion. Plural (grammar) The plural (sometimes abbreviated as pl. , pl , or PL ), in many languages,
1095-457: Is one of the values of the grammatical category of number . The plural of a noun typically denotes a quantity greater than the default quantity represented by that noun. This default quantity is most commonly one (a form that represents this default quantity of one is said to be of singular number). Therefore, plurals most typically denote two or more of something, although they may also denote fractional, zero or negative amounts. An example of
1168-579: Is used after zéro . English also tends to use the plural with decimal fractions , even if less than one, as in 0.3 metres , 0.9 children . Common fractions less than one tend to be used with singular expressions: half (of) a loaf , two-thirds of a mile . Negative numbers are usually treated the same as the corresponding positive ones: minus one degree , minus two degrees . Again, rules on such matters differ between languages. In some languages, including English, expressions that appear to be singular in form may be treated as plural if they are used with
1241-642: The divine services , and the book of hours is called the horologion ( Greek : Ὡρολόγιον ). Despite numerous small differences in practice according to local custom, the overall order is the same among Byzantine Rite monasteries, although parish and cathedral customs vary rather more so by locale. The usage in Oriental Orthodox Churches , the Assyrian Church of the East , and their Eastern Catholic and Eastern Lutheran counterparts vary based on
1314-707: The Byzantine Empire , the development of the Divine Services shifted from the area around Jerusalem to Constantinople . In particular, Theodore the Studite ( c. 758 – c. 826 ) combined a number of influences from the Byzantine court ritual with monastic practices common in Anatolia , and added thereto a number of hymns composed by himself and his brother Joseph (see typikon for further details). In
1387-589: The French mangeons, mangez, mangent – respectively the first-, second- and third-person plural of the present tense of the verb manger . In English a distinction is made in the third person between forms such as eats (singular) and eat (plural). Adjectives may agree with the noun they modify; examples of plural forms are the French petits and petites (the masculine plural and feminine plural respectively of petit ). The same applies to some determiners – examples are
1460-764: The Apostles 3:1, took place as Peter and John went to the Temple for the three o'clock hour of prayer. The practice of daily prayers grew from the Jewish practice of reciting prayers at set times of the day known as zmanim : for example, in the Acts of the Apostles , Saint Peter and John the Evangelist visit the Temple in Jerusalem for the afternoon prayers. Psalm 119 :164 states: "Seven times
1533-481: The CLAWS 7 tagset (~149 tags) uses six: NN2 - plural common noun, NNL2 - plural locative noun, NNO2 - numeral noun, plural, NNT2 - temporal noun, plural, NNU2 - plural unit of measurement, NP2 - plural proper noun. Canonical hours#Liturgical books In the practice of Christianity , canonical hours mark the divisions of the day in terms of fixed times of prayer at regular intervals. A book of hours , chiefly
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#17328522305471606-582: The Divine Office grew more important in the life of the Church, the rituals became more elaborate. Praying the Office already required various books, such as a Psalter for the psalms, a lectionary to find the assigned Scripture reading for the day, a Bible to proclaim the reading, a hymnal for singing, etc. As parishes grew in the Middle Ages away from cathedrals and basilicas, a more concise way of arranging
1679-474: The Eucharist—assigned to those times: "they met on a stated day before it was light, and addressed a form of prayer to Christ, as to a divinity ... after which it was their custom to separate, and then reassemble, to eat in common a harmless meal." (cf. Lovefeast ) This vigil was a regular institution of Christian life and was defended and highly recommended by St. Augustine and St. Jerome. The Office of
1752-434: The French plural definite article les , and the English demonstratives these and those . It is common for pronouns , particularly personal pronouns , to have distinct plural forms. Examples in English are we ( us , etc.) and they ( them etc.; see English personal pronouns ), and again these and those (when used as demonstrative pronouns ). In Welsh, a number of common prepositions also inflect to agree with
1825-652: The Gallican Psalter for the Roman. The Franciscans gradually spread this breviary throughout Europe. Eventually, Pope Nicholas III adopted the widely used Franciscan breviary to be the breviary used in Rome. By the 14th century, the breviary contained the entire text of the canonical hours. In general, when modern secular books reference canonical hours in the Middle Ages , these are the equivalent times: Church bells are tolled at
1898-558: The Office. The Cluniac Reforms of the 11th century renewed an emphasis on liturgy and the canonical hours in the reformed priories of the Order of Saint Benedict , with Cluny Abbey at their head. As the form of fixed-hour prayer developed in the Christian monastic communities in the East and West, the Offices grew both more elaborate and more complex, but the basic cycle of prayer still provided
1971-628: The Pope. On 9 July 1568, Pope Pius V , the successor of the pope who closed the Council of Trent, promulgated an edition, known as the Roman Breviary , with his Apostolic Constitution Quod a nobis , imposing it in the same way in which, two years later, he imposed his Roman Missal . Later popes altered the Roman Breviary of Pope Pius V. Pope Pius XII began reforming the Roman Breviary, allowing use of
2044-562: The Psalms ( Acts 4:23–30 ), which have remained the principal part of the canonical hours. By 60 AD, the Didache , recommends disciples to pray the Lord's Prayer three times a day; this practice found its way into the canonical hours as well. By the second and third centuries, such Church Fathers as Clement of Alexandria , Origen , and Tertullian wrote of the practice of Morning and Evening Prayer, and of
2117-565: The Roman Rite is called the Liturgy of the Hours ( Latin : liturgia horarum ) or divine office . In Lutheranism and Anglicanism , they are often known as the daily office or divine office , to distinguish them from the other "offices" of the Church (e.g. the administration of the sacraments). In the Eastern Orthodox and Byzantine Catholic Churches , the canonical hours may be referred to as
2190-534: The Sanctified near Jerusalem – its offices are highly developed and quite complex. Two main strata exist in the rite, those places that have inherited the traditions of the Russian Church which had been given only the monastic sabbaite typicon which is used to this day in parishes and cathedrals as well as in monasteries, and everywhere else where some remnant of the cathedral rite remained in use; therefore,
2263-479: The Temple was no longer in use, synagogues carried on the practice, and the services (at fixed hours of the day) of Torah readings , psalms , and hymns began to evolve. This "sacrifice of praise" began to be substituted for the sacrifices of animals. After the people returned to Judea , the prayer services were incorporated into Temple worship as well. The miraculous healing of the crippled beggar described in Acts of
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2336-514: The Vigils was a single Office, recited without interruption at midnight. Probably in the fourth century, in order to break the monotony of this long night prayer the custom of dividing it into three parts or Nocturns was introduced. John Cassian in speaking of the solemn Vigils mentions three divisions of this Office. Around the year 484, the Greek-Cappadocian monk Sabbas the Sanctified began
2409-629: The West, the Rule of Saint Benedict (written in 516) was modeled on his guidelines for the prayers on the customs of the basilicas of Rome . It was he who expounded the concept in Christian prayer of the inseparability of the spiritual life from the physical life. St. Benedict set down the dictum Ora et labora – "Pray and work". The Order of Saint Benedict began to call the prayers the Opus Dei or "Work of God". By
2482-501: The addition of affixes , like the English -(e)s and -ies suffixes , or ablaut , as in the derivation of the plural geese from goose , or a combination of the two. Some languages may also form plurals by reduplication , but not as productively. It may be that some nouns are not marked for plural at all, like sheep and series in English. In languages which also have a case system, such as Latin and Russian , nouns can have not just one plural form but several, corresponding to
2555-772: The calendar year, and also, occasionally, specific days of the week that fall near specific calendar dates, e.g., the Sunday before the Exaltation of the Cross . The texts for this cycle are found in the Menaion . The commemorations on the Paschal Cycle (Moveable Cycle) depend upon the date of Pascha (Easter) . The texts for this cycle are found in the Lenten Triodion , the Pentecostarion ,
2628-507: The character of reflection on the day that is past and preparing the soul for its passage to eternal life. In each office, the psalms and canticle are framed by antiphons . Because the Rite of Constantinople evolved as a synthesis of two distinct rites – cathedral rite of Constantinople called the "asmatiki akolouthia" ("sung services") and the monastic typicon of the Holy Lavra of Saint Sabbas
2701-564: The church every day for morning prayer (which became known as lauds ) and evening prayer (which became known as vespers ), while praying at the other fixed prayer times privately. In the evening the faithful assembled in the place or church where the feast was to be celebrated and prepared themselves by prayers, readings, and sometimes also by hearing a sermon . Pliny the Younger (63 – c. 113 ) mentions not only fixed times of prayer by believers, but also specific services—other than
2774-469: The conclusion. The Night Office and Lauds are grouped together as a single canonical hour to form a total of seven canonical hours. By the fourth century the word "matins" became attached to the prayer originally offered at cockcrow. and, according to the sixth-century Rule of Saint Benedict , could be calculated to be the eighth hour of the night (the hour that began at about 2 a.m.). Outside of monasteries few rose at night to pray. The canonical hour of
2847-549: The dual and paucal can be found in some Slavic and Baltic languages (apart from those that preserve the dual number, such as Slovene ). These are known as "pseudo-dual" and "pseudo-paucal" grammatical numbers. For example, Polish and Russian use different forms of nouns with the numerals 2, 3, or 4 (and higher numbers ending with these ) than with the numerals 5, 6, etc. (genitive singular in Russian and nominative plural in Polish in
2920-505: The early church, during the night before every feast, a vigil was kept. The word "Vigils", at first applied to the Night Office, comes from a Latin source, namely the Vigiliae or nocturnal watches or guards of the soldiers. The night from six o'clock in the evening to six o'clock in the morning was divided into four watches or vigils of three hours each, the first, the second, the third, and
2993-456: The feast; however, in the latter instance, Vespers and matins are rather less abridged but the Divine Liturgy commences at the end of matins and the hours are not read, as was the case in the extinct cathedral rite of Constantinople. Also, as the rite evolved in sundry places, different customs arose; an essay on some of these has been written by Archbishop Basil Krivoshein and is posted on
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3066-521: The fixed portions of the Divine Service used every day at certain canonical hours . Additional parts of the service are changed daily, mostly according to the Menologium . Horologium is the latinized version of the Greek hōrológion ( ὡρολόγιον ), from hṓra ( ὥρα , "time period, hour "), lógos ( λόγος , " writing , recording ") + -ion ( -ιον ), together originally meaning
3139-464: The fixed times of these canonical hours in some Christian traditions as a call to prayer. In the Latin Church of the Catholic Church, bishops, priests, deacons and the members of the consecrated life are obliged to recite the hours each day, keeping as far as possible to the true time of day, and using the text of the approved liturgical books that apply to them. The laity are encouraged to recite
3212-430: The former case, genitive plural in the latter case). Also some nouns may follow different declension patterns when denoting objects which are typically referred to in pairs. For example, in Polish, the noun " oko ", among other meanings, may refer to a human or animal eye or to a drop of oil on water. The plural of " oko " in the first meaning is " oczy " (even if actually referring to more than two eyes), while in
3285-519: The fourth vigil. The Night Office is linked to Psalm 119:62 : "At midnight I will rise to give thanks unto thee because of thy righteous judgments." Christians attended two liturgies on the Lord's Day , worshipping communally in both a morning service and evening service, with the purpose of reading the Scriptures and celebrating the Eucharist . Throughout the rest of the week, Christians assembled at
3358-525: The hours was needed. So, a sort of list developed called the breviary , which gave the format of the daily office and the texts to be used. The spread of breviaries eventually reached Rome, where Pope Innocent III extended their use to the Roman Curia . The Franciscans sought a one-volume breviary for their friars to use during travels, so the order adopted the Breviarium Curiae , but substituting
3431-427: The laity, hoping to restore their character as the prayer of the entire Church. The council abolished the office of Prime, and envisioned a manner of distributing the psalms over a period of more than 1 week. The Roman breviary is published under the title Liturgia Horarum . A translation is published by Catholic Book Publishing Corp. under the title The Liturgy of the Hours in four volumes, arranged according to
3504-704: The lemma form, sometimes combining it with an additional vowel. (In French, however, this plural suffix is often not pronounced.) This construction is also found in German and Dutch, but only in some nouns. Suffixing is cross-linguistically the most common method of forming plurals. In Welsh , the reference form, or default quantity, of some nouns is plural, and the singular form is formed from it, e.g., llygod , mice -> llygoden , mouse; erfin , turnips -> erfinen , turnip. In many languages, words other than nouns may take plural forms, these being used by way of grammatical agreement with plural nouns (or noun phrases ). Such
3577-504: The liturgical year influence the manner in which the materials from the liturgical books (above) are inserted into the daily services: Each day of the week has its own commemoration: Most of the texts come from the Octoechos , which has a large collections of hymns for each weekday for each of the eight tones; during great lent and, to a lesser degree, the pre-lenten season, the Lenten Triodion supplements this with hymns for each day of
3650-452: The minor or little hours . According to Dwight E. Vogel, Daniel James Lula and Elizabeth Moore the diurnal offices are Terce , Sext , and Nones , which are distinguished from the major hours of Matins , Lauds and Vespers and from the nighttime hours of Compline and Vigil . The Council of Trent , in its final session on 4 December 1563, entrusted the reform of the Breviary to
3723-702: The most complete of which is the Great Horologion or Horologium ( Ancient Greek : Ὡρολόγιον τò μέγα , Hōrológion tò méga ; Church Slavonic : Великий Часословъ , Velikij Chasoslov ; Romanian : Ceaslovul Mare , Orologhionul Mare ). It contains the fixed portions of the Daily Office ( Vespers , Greater and Lesser Compline , the Midnight Office , Matins , the Little Hours , the Inter-Hours , Typica , and
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#17328522305473796-415: The nighttime canonical hour of vigil . It links the seven daytime offices with Psalm 118/119 :164, "Seven times a day I praise you for your righteous rules"; and the one nighttime office with Psalm 118/119 :62, "At midnight I rise to praise you, because of your righteous rules", In this reckoning, the one nocturnal office, together with Lauds and Vespers, are the three major hours , the other five are
3869-411: The number, person, and sometimes gender of the noun or pronoun they govern. Certain nouns do not form plurals. A large class of such nouns in many languages is that of uncountable nouns , representing mass or abstract concepts such as air , information , physics . However, many nouns of this type also have countable meanings or other contexts in which a plural can be used; for example water can take
3942-502: The only grammatical numbers, except for possible remnants of dual number in pronouns such as both and either . In many languages, there is also a dual number (used for indicating two objects). Some other grammatical numbers present in various languages include trial (for three objects) and paucal (for an imprecise but small number of objects). In languages with dual, trial, or paucal numbers, plural refers to numbers higher than those. However, numbers besides singular, plural, and (to
4015-451: The paucal, the plural, and the greater plural is often relative to the type of object under discussion. For example, in discussing oranges, the paucal number might imply fewer than ten, whereas for the population of a country, it might be used for a few hundred thousand. The Austronesian languages of Sursurunga and Lihir have extremely complex grammatical number systems, with singular, dual, paucal, greater paucal, and plural. Traces of
4088-508: The prayer of the hours. The diurnal offices or daytime offices ( Ecclesiastical Latin : horae diurnae ) are the canonical hours during the day. Interpretation of their number and identity varies. The monastic rule drawn up by Benedict of Nursia ( c. 480 – c. 547 ) distinguishes between the seven daytime canonical hours of lauds (dawn), prime (sunrise), terce (mid-morning), sext (midday), none (mid-afternoon), Vespers (sunset), compline (retiring) and
4161-451: The prayers at the third, sixth and ninth hours. From the time of the early Church, the practice of seven fixed prayer times , being attached to Psalm 119:164 , have been taught; in Apostolic Tradition , Hippolytus instructed Christians to pray seven times a day "on rising, at the lighting of the evening lamp, at bedtime, at midnight" and "the third, sixth and ninth hours of the day, being hours associated with Christ's Passion." In
4234-444: The prayers before meals). The parts for the reader and chanters are given in full, while the priest and deacon's parts are abbreviated. Great Horologia also contain a list of the saints commemorated throughout the year with their troparia and kontakia ; selected propers for Sundays ; moveable feasts from the Menaion , Triodion , and Pentecostarion ; and the various canons and other devotional services. The Great Horologion
4307-408: The process of recording the liturgical practices around Jerusalem , while the cathedral and parish rites in the Patriarchate of Constantinople evolved in an entirely different manner. The two major practices were synthesized, commencing in the 8th century , to yield an office of great complexity. In 525, Benedict of Nursia set out one of the earliest schemes for the recitation of the Psalter at
4380-483: The pseudo-dual as plural of "eyes" עין / עינים ʿạyin / ʿēnạyim "eye / eyes" as well as "hands", "legs" and several other words are retained. For further information, see Dual (grammatical number) § Hebrew . Certain nouns in some languages have the unmarked form referring to multiple items, with an inflected form referring to a single item. These cases are described with the terms collective number and singulative number . Some languages may possess
4453-399: The rite as practiced in monasteries everywhere resembles the Russian recension, while non-Russian non-monastic customs differs significantly. For example, in the Russian tradition, the " all-night vigil " is served in every church on Saturday nights and the eves of feast days (although it may be abridged to be as short as two hours) while elsewhere, it is usual to have Matins on the morning of
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#17328522305474526-399: The rite, for example the East Syriac Rite or the Byzantine Rite . The canonical hours stemmed from Jewish prayer . In the Old Testament , God commanded the Israelite priests to offer sacrifices of animals in the morning and afternoon ( Exodus 29:38–39 ). Eventually, these sacrifices moved from the Tabernacle to Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem . During the Babylonian captivity , when
4599-408: The seasons of the liturgical year. The current liturgical books for the celebration of the hours in Latin are those of the editio typica altera (second typical edition) promulgated in 1985. The official title is Officium Divinum, Liturgia Horarum iuxta Ritum Romanum, editio typica altera . After the Second Vatican Council , which decided that the hour of Prime should be suppressed, as it
4672-402: The second it is " oka " (even if actually referring to exactly two drops). Traces of dual can also be found in Modern Hebrew . Biblical Hebrew had grammatical dual via the suffix -ạyim as opposed to ־ים -īm for masculine words . Contemporary use of a true dual number in Hebrew is chiefly used in words regarding time and numbers. However, in Biblical and Modern Hebrew,
4745-417: The structure for daily life in monasteries . By the fourth century, the elements of the canonical hours were more or less established. For secular (non-monastic) clergy and lay people, the fixed-hour prayers were by necessity much shorter, though in many churches, the form of the fixed-hour prayers became a hybrid of secular and monastic practice (sometimes referred to as 'cathedral' and 'monastic' models). In
4818-407: The term " Matins " from Latin matutinus , meaning "of or belonging to the morning", was applied to the psalms recited at dawn. At first " Lauds " (i.e. praises) derived from the three last psalms in the office (148, 149, 150), in all of which the word laudate is repeated frequently, and to such an extent that originally the word Lauds designated the end, that is to say, these three psalms with
4891-419: The time of Saint Benedict of Nursia , author of the Rule, the monastic Liturgy of the Hours was composed of seven daytime hours and one at night. He associated the practice with Psalm 118/119:164, "Seven times a day I praise you", and Psalm 118/119:62, "At midnight I rise to praise you". The fixed-hour prayers came to be known as the "Divine Office" (office coming from 'officium' , lit., "duty"). Initially,
4964-399: The use of plurals, however, depends on the language – for example Russian uses the genitive singular rather than the plural after certain numbers (see above). Treatments differ in expressions of zero quantity: English often uses the plural in such expressions as no injuries and zero points , although no (and zero in some contexts) may also take a singular. In French, the singular form
5037-481: The various cases. The inflection might affect multiple words, not just the noun; the noun itself need not become plural as such, with other parts of the expression indicating the plurality. In English, the most common formation of plural nouns is by adding an - s suffix to the singular noun. (For details and different cases, see English plurals .) Just like in English, noun plurals in French, Spanish, and Portuguese are also typically formed by adding an -s suffix to
5110-428: The vigil was said in the morning, followed immediately by lauds, and the name of "matins" replaced that of "vigils". Gradually the title "Lauds" was applied to the early morning office. Already well-established by the 9th century in the West, these canonical hours consisted of daily prayer liturgies : The three major hours were Matins, Lauds and Vespers; the minor hours were Terce, Sext, Nones and Compline. As
5183-433: The web. The Horologion ( ῾Ωρολόγιον ; Church Slavonic : Часocлoвъ , Chasoslov ), or Book of Hours , provides the fixed portions of the Daily Cycle of services ( akolouthies , ἀκολουθίες ) as used by the Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic churches . Into this fixed framework, numerous moveable parts of the service are inserted. These are taken from a variety of liturgical books: Various cycles of
5256-608: The week for each week of that season, as does the Pentecostarion during the pascal season. Also, there are fixed texts for each day of the week are in the Horologion and Priest's Service Book (e.g., dismissals ) and the Kathismata (selections from the Psalter ) are governed by the weekly cycle in conjunction with the season. Commemorations on the Fixed Cycle depend upon the day of
5329-691: Was perceived as duplicating Lauds, Pope Paul VI decreed a new arrangement of the Liturgy of the Hours. It has, however, been revived in the Daily Office prayed by the Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham and the Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of the Southern Cross . The major hours consist of the Matins (or Office of Readings), Lauds and Vespers. The character of Lauds is that of praise, of Vespers, that of thanksgiving. The Office of Readings has
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