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21-518: The Hope Slide was a landslide that occurred in the morning hours of January 9, 1965 in the Nicolum Valley ( 49°17′56″N 121°15′49″W  /  49.29889°N 121.26361°W  / 49.29889; -121.26361 ) in the Cascade Mountains near Hope, British Columbia and killed four people. The volume of rock involved in the landslide has been estimated at 47 million cubic metres. It

42-414: Is credited with saving his passengers from a tragedy. Rescue workers from Hope and Princeton found the body of Thomas Starchuck, 39, of Aldergrove , driver of the hay truck. The body of Bernie Lloyd Beck, 27, of Penticton , driver of the convertible was also retrieved. Beck's passengers, Dennis George Arlitt, 23, of Penticton, and Mary Kalmakoff, 21, of Shoreacres, were never recovered. Phil Gaglardi ,

63-538: Is one of the two largest recorded landslides in Canada (along with the similarly sized 2010 Mount Meager landslide ). Prior to the landslide , a small avalanche had forced five people to stop a few miles southeast of the town of Hope , British Columbia —150 kilometres (93 mi) east of Vancouver —on a stretch of the Hope-Princeton Highway below Johnson Peak. Two earthquakes were recorded in

84-546: The Hope Slide , and the river's course altered. This article about a river in the Coast of British Columbia , Canada is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . John Arrowsmith (cartographer) John Arrowsmith (1790–1873) was an English cartographer. He was born at Winston, County Durham , England . He was the nephew of Aaron Arrowsmith , another English cartographer . In 1810 he joined his uncle in

105-550: The British Columbia Minister of Highways, attended the scene and directed the construction of a temporary tote road over the southern portion of the slide. In twenty-one days a bumpy route had been established over the slide. The landslide was caused by the presence of pre-existing tectonic structures (faults and shear zones) within the southwestern slope of Johnson Ridge. The lower parts of the slide scar are underlain by felsite sheets (which may have failed first) while

126-555: The atlas than the one in the Rumsey collection replaced the following maps: with and added the following maps: The 1840 edition of the Atlas (in the Library of Congress) had the same 54 maps as the 1838 edition, with the addition of the following maps: The 1844 edition of the Atlas (also in the Rumsey collection) had 58 maps of the 1840 edition, excluding the following: with the addition of

147-745: The cartography business. They built on Aaron's A map exhibiting all the new discoveries in the interior parts of North America 1811 version which was heavily based on information provided by the Hudson's Bay Company , Indian maps, and British Navy sea charts to produce and publish an updated map: North America in 1821. Their contributions to Canadian cartography led to Mount Arrowsmith , situated east of Port Alberni on Vancouver Island , British Columbia , being named for them. Aaron's sons Aaron Jr. and Samuel were substantially younger than John but inherited their father's business when they were young men (21 and 18 respectively) when Aaron Sr. died in 1823. John took

168-588: The dates on the maps unless and until he updated them). He added and removed maps to the subsequent editions until there were 72 plates in one late edition. The atlas continued to be published after his death, the rights to publish the maps being acquired by Edward Stanford in 1874. The 40 maps include the following (not a complete list; these maps were found in the David Rumsey map collection as included in Arrowsmith's 1838 Atlas. The Rumsey collection has digitized

189-502: The first slide, an Arrow Transfer oil tanker truck, and a loaded hay truck that had stopped behind the tanker under a torrent of 47 million cubic metres of pulverized rock, mud, and debris 150 metres (500 ft) deep and 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) wide, which came down the 1,200-metre (4,000 ft) mountainside. Norman Stephanishin, the Arrow truck driver, had stopped behind the stuck convertible. Stephanishin, unable to turn his rig around on

210-643: The general area of the slide. One quake occurred at 3:56 am and the second at 6:58 am. The slide that obliterated the mountain's southwestern slope was discovered when members of the RCMP detachment at Hope were dispatched to what were reported as a couple of small rock slides. The first news reports of the slide were from CHWK Radio in Chilliwack where morning news reporter Gerald Pash and later news director Edgar Wilson filed voice reports with Broadcast News and The Canadian Press . The slide completely displaced

231-508: The ice and mud in Outram Lake below with incredible force, throwing it against the opposite side of the valley, wiping all vegetation and trees down to the bare rock, then splashed back up the original, now bare, slope before settling. Recent research shows that these impacts against the opposite valley sides produced the seismic signatures interpreted as earthquakes. The slide buried a 1959 yellow Chevrolet convertible that had become stuck in

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252-506: The maps in the 1838 and 1844 edition of the Atlas. Other editions of the atlas were published in 1834, 1835, 1839, 1840, 1842, 1859 and 1861.) : In addition to the maps published in 1832 in the above list, the 1835 atlas included the following (not a complete list): Map with 1833 date: 1834 Maps The first 1838 edition of the Atlas has the same maps as the 1835 edition, except for these maps that had been updated: Later 1838 editions of

273-498: The narrow and icy road, tried to talk the four others into walking the five kilometres back to Sumallo Lodge. Unable to convince them, Stephanishin walked east to Sumallo Lodge to phone the British Columbia Department of Highways . In a short distance, Stephanishin flagged down a Greyhound Canada bus travelling to Vancouver and persuaded the driver, David Hughes, to return with him to Sumallo Lodge. Hughes turned back and

294-404: The original ground level on the other side of valley. Though much of the massive scar on the mountain face remains bare rock, vegetation including trees are growing over parts of the slide area. A rest area for Highway 3 now exists at the slide area, which includes a memorial and a view point that allows tourists to view the scar. Nicolum River In 1942, the official name of the stream

315-504: The slide and thus the seismic events were more likely caused by the impact of the landslide masses on the opposite valley wall. Changes in groundwater condition, often a trigger for landslides, is not thought to have played a role in the Hope Slide as the slide occurred during a protracted period of sub-zero temperatures in the winter, though some have suggested that freezing of seepage exit points may have caused an increase in water pressure at

336-404: The toe of the slide. In places, the slide buried parts of the area below in up to 152 m (500 ft) of rocks, mud, and debris. About 3.5 kilometres of the highway were destroyed and it took 13 days for Department of Highways' workers to re-establish the route. The highway has since been rerouted further away from the slide location, around and over the base of the slide's debris field 55 metres above

357-406: The upper parts of the slide scar are underlain by highly jointed Paleozoic greenstone beds. Ongoing weathering and tectonic activity weakened the slide mass to the point where it had reached limiting equilibrium. Johnson Peak was the site of a previous smaller prehistoric rock-slide. Just what triggered the 1965 landslide remains unclear; the two so-called earthquakes were likely too small to trigger

378-407: The years after his uncle's death preparing maps for his iconic London Atlas of Universal Geography , the first edition of which was published in 1834 with 50 maps. He likely planned to publish it in 1832, many of the maps within it have an 1832 publication year (subsequent editions have several maps within them that have earlier publication years than that of the atlas itself; Arrowsmith did not change

399-606: The £200 left to him by his uncle and began working on his own. Aaron Jr and Samuel did not have the skills of their father and cousin and their contributions to cartography were minimal. Regardless, the three Arrowsmiths were founding members of the Geographical Society of London in 1830. Aaron Jr. left the family firm in 1832, and upon the death of Samuel in 1839, John purchased the assets and merged them into his own business. The Arrowsmith River in Western Australia

420-468: Was changed to Nicolum Creek on the recommendation of the Dominion Topographic Survey to reflect its relative size. The official name was changed back to Nicolum River in 1991 based on local nomenclature. The name appears as "Nkalaoum River" on John Arrowsmith 's 1862 map and as "Nicolume River" on Joseph Trutch 's 1871 map. In 1965, Outram Lake, a small lake in the river, was buried by

441-624: Was named by Sir George Grey after Arrowsmith, who later produced the maps for the published journals of Grey's two Western Australian expeditions. In 1863 he received the gold medal of the Royal Geographical Society, which was what the Geographical Society of London was known as after gaining the patronage of King William IV . He died at home in Hereford Square , South Kensington , London on 1 May 1873. Arrowsmith spent

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