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24-521: The northwest region is particularly mountainous. The highest peak is Palbong. The chief streams are the Tongdaech'ŏn (동대천) and Sŏdaech'ŏn (서대천). The coastal region is level. The temperature differs greatly from the coastline to the plains to the mountains. The mountains contribute to giving the county a mild climate. Hongwŏn county is divided into 1 ŭp (town), 4 rodongjagu (workers' districts) and 27 ri (villages): The chief local occupation

48-574: A mild west wind of which Favonius was the Roman personification and probably transmitted by Romansh : favuogn or just fuogn , the term was adopted as Old High German : phōnno . In the Southern Alps, the phenomenon is known as Föhn but also Italian : favonio and fen in Serbo-Croatian and Slovene . The German word Föhn (pronounced the same way) also means 'hairdryer', while

72-654: Is agriculture . Local crops include rice , soybeans , millet , oats , and potatoes . However, fisheries are also developed, particularly along the coast. There is a small amount of mining , exploiting local deposits of gold , silver , limestone , fluorspar , and scaly graphite . The county is served by road and rail. Hongwŏn Station is on the P'yŏngra line of the Korean State Railway . Foehn A Foehn , or Föhn ( UK : / f ɜː n / , US : / f eɪ n / fayn , US also / f ʌ n , f ɜːr n / fu(r)n ),

96-502: Is a result not only of the warmth of Foehn air, but also its low relative humidity . Accordingly, Foehn winds are known to contribute to the disintegration of ice shelves in the polar regions. Foehn winds are notorious among mountaineers in the Alps, especially those climbing the Eiger , for whom the winds add further difficulty in ascending an already difficult peak. They are also associated with

120-414: Is a type of dry, relatively warm downslope wind in the lee of a mountain range . It is a rain shadow wind that results from the subsequent adiabatic warming of air that has dropped most of its moisture on windward slopes (see orographic lift ). As a consequence of the different adiabatic lapse rates of moist and dry air, the air on the leeward slopes becomes warmer than equivalent elevations on

144-434: Is generated in the form of rapids, and white water reveals the turbulent mixing of the water with the air above. Similarly, as air passes over mountains, turbulence occurs and the atmosphere is mixed in the vertical. This mixing generally leads to a downward warming and upward moistening of the cross-mountain airflow, and consequently to warmer, drier Foehn winds in the valleys downwind. Dry Foehn conditions are responsible for

168-402: Is prevented from crossing the barrier. Through the deeply incised Alpine passes, some of this relatively cool, trapped windward air reaches the north as a moderate föhn. In Switzerland, on the other hand, the term "föhn" is used only if a clearly warm downslope wind is meant, which is caused by the additional heat of condensation (thermal energy) during periods of rainfall on the southern side of

192-457: Is the name given to the föhn wind in the Alpine region . The name föhn was originally used to refer to the south wind which blows during the winter months and brings thaw conditions to the northern side of the Alps. Because föhn later became a generic term that was extended to other mountain ranges around the world that experience similar phenomena, the name "Alpine föhn" ( Alpenföhn ) was coined for

216-413: Is unproven. Labels for preparations of aspirin combined with caffeine , codeine and the like will sometimes include Föhnkrankheit among the indications. Evidence for effects from Chinook winds remains anecdotal, as it does for New Zealand's Nor'wester . In some regions, Foehn winds are associated with causing circulatory problems, headaches, or similar ailments. Researchers have found, however,

240-449: The cold front . In particularly extreme conditions, however, this also results in a valley föhn. They are föhn-like inasmuch as the moisture carried along has often been precipitated in the Pyrenees or French Alps . These southerly winds can bring Saharan dust to the Alps, for example. In real föhn conditions, the clear temperature differences of well over 10 °C (18 °F) between

264-453: The Alpine chain, so that the thermodynamic föhn theory does not explain the warm air of the Alpine föhn. The föhn phenomenon on the northern side of the Alps can, however, be explained by the fact that the air which is detectable as a föhn in the northern Alpine valleys does not come from the southern foot of the Alps, but from higher up; the windward air beneath it forms a layer of stable air and

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288-494: The Alps (northern side of the Alps when there is a north föhn). The föhn-like high altitude winds are mostly large-scale, central Atlantic or African air masses from the southwest to south, which cause unusually warm conditions north of the Alps even at low wind speeds. Triggers are usually slow-moving or blocked Atlantic depressions in the area of the British Isles and North Sea, which move air radially at their outside edge, i.e.

312-578: The Foehn wind's warm temperature to be beneficial to humans in most situations, and have theorized that the reported negative effects may be a result of secondary factors, such as changes in the electrical field or in the ion state of the atmosphere, the wind's relatively low humidity, or the generally unpleasant sensation of being in an environment with strong and gusty winds. Regionally, these winds are known by many different names. These include: Alpine f%C3%B6hn The Alpine föhn ( German : Alpenföhn )

336-454: The air irreversible, leading to the warm, dry, Foehn conditions as the air descends in the mountain's lee. This mechanism has become a popular textbook example of atmospheric thermodynamics. However, the common occurrence of 'dry' Foehn events, where there is no precipitation, implies there must be other mechanisms. Isentropic draw-down is the draw-down of warmer, drier air from aloft. When the approaching winds are insufficiently strong to propel

360-420: The decrease in pressure with height. Since colder air can hold less water vapor, moisture condenses to form clouds and precipitates as rain or snow on the mountain's upwind slopes. The change of state from vapor to liquid water releases latent heat energy which heats the air, partially countering the cooling that occurs as the air rises. The subsequent removal of moisture as precipitation renders this heat gain by

384-545: The dry air and the high temperature encourages rapid snow melt. During inverse pressure conditions, on the southern side of the Alps, a north föhn arises, known in Italian as the tramontana or tedesco ("the German"). The effects are not exactly symmetrical, as northern air has different characteristics from southern air. North föhn winds result in clouds with rain in the north, and föhn windows with possibly elevated temperatures in

408-412: The föhn area and its immediate neighbourhood, especially in radiation fog , are only explainable by föhn processes. When there is a föhn the temperatures may rise or fall by up to 25 °C (45 °F). Föhns are also responsible for quite a few winter temperature highs. On the northern side of the Alps, the föhn is associated with very good visibility due to the low humidity . In winter and spring

432-524: The föhns of the Alpine region. The wind can cause heavy storms with winds of hurricane strength and top speeds of up to 150 km/h (93 mph). The south wind on the northern side of the Alps is also called the south föhn ( Südföhn ), its opposite number on the south side of the Alps is also called the north föhn ( Nordföhn ). Föhn conditions are known for their warm air and unusual cloud and atmospheric appearance. A considerable proportion of föhn days are not accompanied by any precipitation south of

456-440: The low-level air up and over the mountain barrier, the airflow is said to be 'blocked' by the mountain and only air higher up near mountain-top level is able to pass over and down the lee slopes as Foehn winds. These higher source regions provide Foehn air that becomes warmer and drier on the leeside after it is compressed with descent due to the increase in pressure towards the surface. When river water passes over rocks, turbulence

480-435: The occurrence of rain shadows in the lee of mountains, where clear, sunny conditions prevail. This often leads to greater daytime radiative (solar) warming under Foehn conditions. This type of warming is particularly important in cold regions where snow or ice melt is a concern or where avalanches are a risk. Winds of this type are also called "snow-eaters" for their ability to make snow and ice melt or sublimate rapidly. This

504-777: The rapid spread of wildfires , making some regions which experience these winds particularly fire-prone. Anecdotally, residents in areas of frequent Foehn winds have reported experiencing a variety of illnesses ranging from migraines to psychosis . The first clinical review of these effects was published by the Austrian physician Anton Czermak in the 19th century. A study by the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München found that suicide and accidents increased by 10 percent during Foehn winds in Central Europe. The causation of Föhnkrankheit (English: Foehn-sickness)

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528-532: The windward slopes. Foehn winds can raise temperatures by as much as 14 °C (25 °F) in just a matter of hours. Switzerland, southern Germany, and Austria have a warmer climate due to the Foehn, as moist winds off the Mediterranean Sea blow over the Alps . The name Foehn ( German : Föhn , pronounced [ˈføːn] ) arose in the Alpine region. Originating from Latin (ventus) favonius ,

552-521: The word Fön is a genericized trademark today owned by AEG . The form phon is used in French-speaking parts of Switzerland as well as in Italy . The name Föhn was originally used to refer to the south wind which blows during the winter months and brings thaw conditions to the northern side of the Alps . Because Föhn later became a generic term that was extended to other mountain ranges around

576-561: The world that experience similar phenomena, the name " Alpine föhn " ( Alpenföhn ) was coined for the Föhns of the Alpine region. There are four known causes of the Foehn warming and drying effect. These mechanisms often act together, with their contributions varying depending on the size and shape of the mountain barrier and on the meteorological conditions, such as the upstream wind speed, temperature and humidity. When winds blow over elevated terrain, air forced upwards expands and cools due to

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