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69-667: The Hongan-ji Nagoya Betsuin (本願寺派名古屋別院) is a Jōdo Shinshū Buddhist temple located in Naka ward, Nagoya in central Japan . The temple is a short distance south of Ōsu Kannon Station . It is also known a Nishi Betsuin (西別院; "Western branch temple"), being associated with Nishi Hongan-ji (西本願寺) in Kyoto. It is contrasted with the Ōtani-ha temple of the same name, popularly known as Higashi Betsuin (東別院; "Eastern branch temple"). Hongan-ji Nagoya Betsuin dates back to about 1500 CE when chief abbot Rennyo's 13th child, Renjun, built Ganshō-ji (願証寺) in

138-485: A Three-hour Rail Trip Between Tokyo and Osaka.” After substantial debate, the Japanese National Railways (JNR) decided to build a new 1,435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) standard gauge line alongside the original 1,067 mm ( 3 ft 6 in ) one to supplement it. The president of JNR at the time, Shinji Sogō , started attempting to persuade politicians to back

207-416: A city on 1 September 1956, by government ordinance . Nagoya became an industrial hub for the region. Its economic sphere included the famous pottery towns of Tokoname , Tajimi and Seto , as well as Okazaki , one of the only places where gunpowder was produced under the shogunate . Other industries included cotton and complex mechanical dolls called karakuri ningyō . Mitsubishi Aircraft Company

276-602: A continuous high-speed railway through the Taiheiyō Belt , also known as the Tokaido corridor. Opening in 1964, running between Tokyo and Shin-Ōsaka , it was the world's first high-speed rail line, and it remains one of the world's busiest. Since 1987, it has been operated by the Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central), prior to that by Japanese National Railways (JNR). There are three types of services on

345-604: A manufacturer of aircraft. It is the first airliner designed and produced in Japan since the NAMC YS-11 of the 1960s. The MRJ's first flight was on November 11, 2015. Japanese pottery and porcelain has a long tradition due to suitable clay being available in Owari Province . Before and during the Edo period there were two main kilns in the region: Seto and Tokoname . In Nagoya Castle

414-478: A traditional craft from the area. Robot technology is another rapidly developing industry. A materials engineering industry is developing. Brother Industries , which is known for office electronics such as multifunction printers is based in Nagoya, as is Hoshizaki Electric, which is known for commercial ice machines and refrigeration equipment. Many small machine tool and electronics companies are also based in

483-467: A trolley service, offering limited selection of food and drinks, passes through green cars a number of times on each journey. It is common practice in Japan to purchase food prior to boarding trains. Almost all stations sell bento boxes (complete meals conveniently boxed) for consumption onboard trains. As of 2020, reservations are required to take large pieces of luggage on Tokaido Shinkansen trains. On-board cart sales on Nozomi and Hikari services

552-413: A type of oniwa-yaki (literally "garden ware") called Ofukei ware was produced by the feudal lord's court. Almost every feudal lord had his own oniwa-yaki , also to have gifts made. In the town itself Toyoraku ware and Sasashima ware Japanese tea utensils were made with refined tastes. Ofukei ware started under the first Owari lord Tokugawa Yoshinao and was interrupted once, but continued on until

621-703: Is twinned with: The sister city relationship with Nanjing , China was suspended on February 21, 2012, following public comments by Nagoya mayor Takashi Kawamura denying the Nanking Massacre . Nagoya Airfield 's sister airport is: Nagoya is the center of Greater Nagoya , which earned nearly 70 percent of Japan's 2003 trade surplus. Nagoya's main industry is automotive. Toyota 's luxury brand Lexus , Denso , Aisin Seiki Co. , Toyota Industries , JTEKT and Toyota Boshoku have their headquarters in or near Nagoya. Mitsubishi Motors has an R&D division in

690-683: Is now used for general aviation and as an airbase and is the main Fuji Dream Airlines hub. Nagoya Station , the world's largest train station by floor area, is on the Tōkaidō Shinkansen line, the Tōkaidō Main Line , and the Chūō Main Line , among others. JR Central , which operates the Tōkaidō Shinkansen , has its headquarters there. Meitetsu is also based in Nagoya, and along with Kintetsu provides regional rail service to

759-461: Is served by Chubu Centrair International Airport (NGO), built on an artificial island in Tokoname . The airport has international flights and a high volume of domestic flights. A second airport is Nagoya Airfield (Komaki Airport, NKM) near the city's boundary with Komaki and Kasugai . On February 17, 2005, Nagoya Airport's commercial international flights moved to Centrair Airport. Nagoya Airfield

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828-511: Is set to be discontinued on 31 October 2023, and is set to be replaced by a new mobile order seat service exclusive for Green Car (first class) passengers from 1 November 2023. Passengers must scan the QR code on the back of their seats using their mobile devices to purchase their refreshments. A cabin attendant will then deliver the products to them, where payment can be made. In an announcement by JR Central, JR West, and JR Kyushu made on 17 October 2023,

897-594: The 300 Series and the Nozomi , the line's fastest service which took two and a half hours to traverse the route with a top speed of 270 km/h (168 mph), on March 14, 1992. New platforms for Shinkansen services at Shinagawa Station opened in October 2003, accompanied by a major timetable change which increased the number of daily Nozomi services, which was now higher than the number of Hikari trains. Initially, certain Nozomi and Hikari services did not stop at

966-567: The Great Daruma on a sheet of paper measuring 18×10.8 metres, impressing many onlookers. For this feat, he received the name " Darusen " (a shortened form of Daruma Sensei ). Although the original was destroyed in 1945, promotional handbills from that time survived and are preserved at the Nagoya City Museum . According to several studies, a reproduction of the large painting was done at a large public event on 23 November 2017 to commemorate

1035-604: The Hikari and four hours for the Kodama . The 1970s were a difficult time for the JNR as local lines built up deficit. Profits from the Tokaido Shinkansen were used to offset the lines which were running at a loss which resulted in a lack of development and faster service over a 15-year period. Labor issues during that time steered away any attention from JNR executives, further complicating

1104-517: The Imperial Regalia of Japan , the legendary sword Kusanagi no Tsurugi . According to traditional sources, Yamato Takeru died in 113 AD. The possessions of the dead prince were gathered together along with the sword Kusanagi; and his widow venerated his memory in a shrine at her home. The Seigan-ji was built by the Fujiwara clan in the late Heian period . A member served as the head priest of

1173-528: The Japanese cedar groves of Ise province . The temple later fell on hard times and was renovated. In the early Edo period it was moved to the current location at the time of the construction of Nagoya Castle . It was patronized by Baishō-in, concubine of Tokugawa Tsunanari (1652–1699), lord of the Owari Domain . On 5 October 1817, Hokusai visited the temple and, with the assistance of his disciples, painted

1242-604: The Mie and Gifu prefectures, with a total population of about 10   million people, surpassed only by Osaka and Tokyo. In the Jomon and Yayoi period , the Ōguruwa Shell Midden was discovered before the settlement of Nagoya. In the Kofun period , Nagoya was settled and the Danpusan Kofun and Shiratori Kofun was built in this area. The Atsuta Shrine is of ancient origin, it is home to

1311-606: The Nagoya International School and Colégio Brasil Japão Prof. Shinoda Brazilian school . State and private colleges and universities primarily located in the eastern area. Some Western-style institutions were founded early in the Meiji era , with more opening during the Taishō and Shōwa eras. Nagoya University was set up in 1871 as a medical school and has produced seven Nobel Prize laureates in science. Nanzan University

1380-425: The Nozomi service by purchasing a special supplementary ticket. Japan Rail Passes purchased prior to this were not valid on Nozomi services, and passengers were required to purchase a full fare ticket to use this service. However, certain regional Rail Passes, enable passengers to use all the services, including Nozomi . Such passes, typically have limited coverage, and have shorter tenure periods when compared to

1449-556: The Shōnai River comes from the northeast and turns south towards the bay at Nishi Ward. The human-made Hori River was constructed as a canal in 1610. It flows from north to south, as part of the Shōnai River system. The rivers allowed for trade with the hinterland. The Tempaku River feeds from a number of smaller river in the east, flows briefly south at Nonami and then west at Ōdaka into the bay. The city's location and its position in

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1518-691: The Tokaido Shinkansen , and is home to the Nagoya Stock Exchange as well as the headquarters of Brother Industries , Ibanez , Lexus , and Toyota Tsusho , among others. Nagoya is home of educational institutes such as Nagoya University , the Nagoya Institute of Technology , and Nagoya City University . Famous landmarks in the city include Atsuta Shrine , Higashiyama Zoo and Botanical Gardens , Port of Nagoya Public Aquarium , Nagoya Castle , Hisaya Ōdori Park , and Nagoya TV Tower , one of

1587-515: The Tokaido road that has been used for centuries. Initially, there were two services: the faster Hikari (also called the Super Express ) made the journey between Tokyo and Shin-Osaka in four hours, while the slower Kodama (or the limited express ) made more stops and took five hours to travel the same route. A test run was conducted August 25, 1964, simulating a Hikari service. The run, which

1656-523: The Tōkai and Kansai regions . Nagoya Subway provides urban transit service. Tokaido Shinkansen [REDACTED] The Tōkaidō Shinkansen ( Japanese : 東海道新幹線 , romanized :  Tōkaidō Shinkansen , lit.   'East coast route, new main line') is a Japanese high-speed rail line that is part of the nationwide Shinkansen network. Along with the San'yō Shinkansen , it forms

1725-580: The Yagoto area of Nagoya as part of a bombing raid in order to train for their mission to Hiroshima . In 1959, the city was flooded and severely damaged by the Ise-wan Typhoon . After the war the city was able to rebuild and take up its role again as one of the country's leading industrial and manufacturing centers, it became known as the " Houston and Montreal of the Orient". It also plays an increasing role in

1794-589: The bombing of Nagoya in World War II in May 1945. It was rebuilt in a Mauryan Dynasty ancient Indian style. The wooden bell tower ( shōrō ) survived the war undamaged, and is said to be also donated by Baishō-in in Kyōhō 14 (1729). The bell is suspended on the lower level, different from the typical bell tower style. The carved sculptures are also of high quality. It was named a City-designated Cultural Property in 2017. On

1863-419: The centre of Japan allowed it to develop economically and politically. Nagoya has a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen climate classification : Cfa ) with hot, humid summers and cool winters. The summer is noticeably wetter than the winter, although rain falls throughout the year. Nagoya has 16 wards . One of the earliest censuses , carried out in 1889, counted 157,496 residents. The population reached

1932-643: The meetings, incentives, conferencing, exhibitions (MICE) industry, hosting the Expo 2005 and the Nagoya Protocol conference in 2010. The Nagoya International Center promotes international exchange in the local community. It houses the U.S. Consulate Archived 2020-12-28 at the Wayback Machine on the 6th floor and the United Nations Centre for Regional Development ( UNCRD ) on the 7th floor. Nagoya

2001-756: The meetings, incentives, conferencing, exhibitions (MICE) industry. It hosted in 1989 the World Design Expo (世界デザイン博覧会) for which the Nagoya Congress Center was constructed. It hosted the Expo 2005 and the Nagoya Protocol conference in 2010, as well as the G20 Aichi-Nagoya Foreign Ministers' Meeting in November 2019, which was held at the Nagoya Kanko Hotel and Kawabun . Mechanized puppets, called " karakuri ningyō ", are

2070-501: The 1   million mark in 1934 and as of December 2010 had an estimated population of 2,259,993 with a population density of 6,923 inhabitants per square kilometre (17,930/sq mi). Also as of December 2010 an estimated 1,019,859 households resided there—a significant increase from 153,370 at the end of the Pacific War in 1945. The area is 326.45 square kilometres (126.04 sq mi). Its metropolitan area extends into

2139-474: The 17th century and houses 110,000 items, including books of classic literature such as historic editions of The Tale of Genji that are an heirloom of the Owari Tokugawa and were bequeathed to the city. The Nagoya City Archives store a large collection of documents and books. Tsuruma Central Library is a public library and Nagoya International Center has a collection of foreign-language books. Nagoya

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2208-531: The 200-year anniversary of the painting, using the same size, techniques and material as the original. A prayer ceremony was done afterwards to bless the painting. In 1874, close to the temple, a medical training centre, the predecessor of Nagoya University 's School of Medicine, was set up for medical research, practice and education. Later the centre was moved to Tennozaki on the banks of the Hori River . The wooden building and artwork were largely destroyed during

2277-574: The Nagoya area who gradually succeeded in unifying Japan. In 1610, Tokugawa Ieyasu moved the capital of Owari Province from Kiyosu, about seven kilometers (4.3 miles) away, to a more strategic location in present-day Nagoya. In May–June 1560, the Battle of Okehazama took place in Dengakuhazama, Owari Province which was just outside of what would become Nagoya city. In this battle, Oda Nobunaga defeated Imagawa Yoshimoto and established himself as one of

2346-510: The Tokaido and Sanyo Shinkansen lines was originally conceived at the end of the 1930s as a 1,435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) standard gauge dangan ressha (bullet train) between Tokyo and Shimonoseki , which would have taken nine hours to cover the nearly 1,000-kilometer (620 mi) distance between the two cities. This project was planned as the first part of an East Asian rail network serving Japan's overseas territories . The beginning of World War II stalled

2415-477: The area. The World Expo 2005 , also known as Aichi Expo was held near Nagoya in the neighboring cities of Nagakute and Seto from March 25 to September 25, 2005. Retail is of importance in the city. Traditional department stores with roots in Nagoya are Matsuzakaya , Maruei and the Meitetsu Department Store . Oriental Nakamura was bought by Mitsukoshi from Tokyo in 1977. The Owari province

2484-406: The companies stated that all onboard smoking rooms on the Tokaido, San'yo, and Kyushu Shinkansen trains would be discontinued by Q2 2024. The Japan Rail Pass is an option for foreign visitors traveling on the Tokaido Shinkansen line in Japan. Japan Rail Pass holders can take Hikari or Kodama services free of charge. Passengers holding a Japan Rail Pass purchased since October 2023 can also use

2553-453: The construction of a station at Shizuoka Airport , which the line passes directly beneath. The railway has so far refused, citing the close distance to the neighbouring Kakegawa and Shizuoka stations. If constructed, travel time from the center of Tokyo to the airport would be comparable to that for Tokyo Narita Airport , enabling it to act as a third hub airport for the capital. As the station would be built underneath an active airport, it

2622-564: The end of the Edo period . It became widely known in Japan. The lord's taste in ceramics was also imitated by other Owari samurai, such as Hirasawa Kurō and Masaki Sōzaburō , who made their own pieces. Toyoraku ware continued on until the Taishō era under the 8th generation. Colourful pieces and gorgeous tea utensils were highly valued. Sasashima ware also experienced its heyday during this time. Colourful and soft ceramic items such as sake and tea utensils and objects were produced and intently collected. An early type of manufactured production

2691-445: The full fledged Rail Pass. The Hikari services are identical to Nozomi services apart from their stopping patterns. While both operate at the same speed on the mainline, Hikari services stop at additional stations en-route, extending journey times. From 1964 to 2012, the Tokaido Shinkansen line alone carried approximately 5.3 billion passengers. Ridership increased from 61,000 per day in 1964 to 391,000 per day in 2012. By 2016,

2760-404: The grounds there is a bronze statue commemorating Shinran , the founder of Jōdo Shinshū. The Hongan-ji Betsuin houses the ashes of deceased persons, which are kept in their urns in metal lockers on the ground floor. By request from relatives, monks will perform prayer services for a fee. [REDACTED] Media related to Hongan-ji Nagoya Betsuin at Wikimedia Commons Nagoya In 1610,

2829-471: The important Tōkaidō road, which linked the two capitals of Kyoto and Edo (now Tokyo). A town developed around the temple to support travelers. The castle and shrine towns formed the city. During the Meiji Restoration Japan's provinces were restructured into prefectures and the government changed from family to bureaucratic rule. Nagoya was proclaimed a city on October 1, 1889, and designated

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2898-574: The last speed raise. Initially, just one service per hour would run at this new speed. After the replacement of the older, slower 700 series with the N700 series in March 2020, a new timetable taking advantage of the speed increase with more services was planned. However, the COVID-19 pandemic further delayed these plans as service was temporarily cut. An automated operating system is planned to be implemented for

2967-540: The leading warlords in the Sengoku period . During this period Nagoya Castle was constructed, built partly from materials taken from Kiyosu Castle . During the construction, the entire town around Kiyosu Castle, consisting of around 60,000 people, moved from Kiyosu to the newly planned town around Nagoya Castle. Around the same time, the nearby ancient Atsuta Shrine was designated as a waystation , called Miya (the Shrine), on

3036-728: The line by 2028, with test runs starting in 2021. Download coordinates as: Legend: Naniwasuji Line (planned) [REDACTED] Hankyu Corporation Hankyu Shin-Osaka Line (planned) The last services operated by 700 series sets took place on March 1, 2020, after which all Tokaido Shinkansen services are scheduled to be operated by N700A series or N700S series sets. N700S series sets were then introduced on Tokaido Shinkansen services from July 1, 2020. All Tokaido Shinkansen trains feature two classes. Green Cars (First Class) offer 2+2 configured seating in all reserved carriages. Ordinary Car features 2+3 configured seating in both reserved and unreserved carriages. On all Shinkansen services

3105-596: The line: from fastest to slowest, they are the limited-stop Nozomi , the semi-fast Hikari , and the all-stop Kodama . Many Nozomi and Hikari trains continue onward to the San'yō Shinkansen , going as far as Fukuoka 's Hakata Station . The line was named a joint Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark and IEEE Milestone by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers in 2000. The predecessor for

3174-477: The nearby Atsuta Shrine, one of the legendary shrines of Japan. It is believed that Yura-Gozen, also known as Urahime, a daughter of Fujiwara no Suenori , was married to Minamoto no Yoshitomo (1123–60) and their son Minamoto no Yoritomo 's birthplace is Nagoya, he is also the founder of the Kamakura shogunate . Oda Nobunaga and his protégés Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Tokugawa Ieyasu were powerful warlords based in

3243-563: The numbered targets and raised the area burned to almost one-fourth of the entire city. Nagoya Castle, which was being used as a military command post, was hit and mostly destroyed on May 14, 1945, followed by the Yokkaichi bombing in June 1945. Reconstruction of the main building was completed in 1959. Later in the same year on July 26, 1945, the Enola Gay also dropped a conventional pumpkin bomb in

3312-440: The oldest TV towers in Japan. It will be the third Japanese city to host the 2026 Asian Games , after Tokyo 1958 and Hiroshima 1994 . The city's name was historically written as 那古野 or 名護屋 (both read as Nagoya ). One possible origin is the adjective nagoyaka ( 和やか ) , meaning 'calm'. The name Chūkyō ( 中京 ) , consisting of chū (middle) + kyō (capital) is also used to refer to Nagoya. Notable examples of

3381-456: The possibility for research initiatives. Despite the difficult financial situation throughout the 1970s, the loan from the World Bank made in 1959 was paid back in 1981. In 1988, one year after the privatization of JNR, the new operating company, JR Central , initiated a project to increase operating speeds through infrastructure improvement and a new train design. This resulted in the debut of

3450-409: The production of special steels, ceramic, chemicals, oil, and petrochemicals, as the area's automobile, aviation, and shipbuilding industries flourished. These factors made the city a target for air raids during the Pacific War . Following the war, Nagoya's economy diversified, but the city remains a significant centre for industry and transport in Japan. It is linked with Tokyo, Kyōto, and Osaka by

3519-494: The project in its early planning stages, although three tunnels were dug that were later used in the Shinkansen route. By 1955, the original Tokaido line between Tokyo and Osaka was congested. Even after its electrification the next year, the line was still the busiest in Japan's railway network by a long margin, with demand being around double the then capacity. In 1957, a public forum was organized to discuss “The Possibility of

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3588-565: The project, and could not use the loan for "experimental technology". Severe cost overruns during construction forced both of them to resign. The opening was timed to coincide with the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, which had already brought international attention to the country. Originally, the line was called the New Tokaido Line in English. Just like the original railway line, it is named after

3657-488: The project. Realizing the high expenses of the project early on due to the use of new, unfamiliar technologies and the high concentration of tunnels and viaducts, Sogō settled for less government funding than what was needed. The Diet approved the plan in December 1958, agreeing to fund ¥194.8 billion out of the ¥300 billion required over a five-year construction period. Then-finance minister Eisaku Satō recommended that

3726-537: The rest of the funds should be taken from non-governmental sources so that political changes would not cause funding issues. Construction of the line began on April 20, 1959 under Sogō and chief engineer Hideo Shima . In 1960, Shima and Sogō were sent to the United States to borrow money from the World Bank . Although the original request was for US$ 200 million, they came back with only $ 80 million, enough to fund 15% of

3795-582: The route was carrying 452,000 passengers per day on 365 daily services making it one of the busiest high speed railway lines in the world. It was announced in June 2010 that a new shinkansen station in Samukawa, Kanagawa Prefecture was under consideration by JR Central. If constructed, the station would open after the Chuo Shinkansen , the new maglev service currently under construction, begins operations. Shizuoka Prefecture has long lobbied JR Central for

3864-450: The spring of 1945, and included large-scale firebombing . Nagoya was the target of two of Bomber Command 's attacks. These incendiary attacks, one by day and one by night, devastated 15.3 square kilometres (5.9 sq mi). The XXI Bomber Command established a new U.S. Army Air Force record with the greatest tonnage ever released on a single target in one mission—3,162 tons of incendiaries. It also destroyed or damaged twenty-eight of

3933-402: The station, with some skipping either Shinagawa or Shin-Yokohama , and the plurality of services stopping at both. From March 2008 onward, all services stop at both stations. Another station was planned to open in 2012 to serve Rittō , a city between Maibara and Kyoto. Construction started in May 2006, but the project was canceled the next year due to political opposition from the government of

4002-584: The suburb of Okazaki . Major component suppliers such as Magna International and PPG also have a strong presence here. Spark plug maker NGK and Nippon Sharyo , known for manufacturing rolling stock including the Shinkansen are headquartered there. The aviation history has historically been of importance since the industrialization. During the Second World War the Mitsubishi A6M Zero fighter

4071-462: The surrounding Shiga Prefecture and the Supreme Court of Japan ruling the ¥4.35 billion bond that the city had issued to fund construction was illegal and had to be canceled. The next speedup, which raised the top speed to its current 285 km/h (177 mph) level through the use of improved braking technology, was announced in 2014 and introduced on March 14, 2015, the 23rd anniversary of

4140-472: The three largest centers of the Japanese aircraft industry. It was estimated that 25% of its workers were engaged in aircraft production. Important Japanese aircraft targets (numbers 193, 194, 198, 2010, and 1729) were within the city itself, while others (notably 240 and 1833) were to the north of Kagamigahara . It was estimated that they produced between 40% and 50% of Japanese combat aircraft and engines, such as

4209-587: The use of the name Chūkyō include the Chūkyō Industrial Area , Chūkyō Metropolitan Area , Chūkyō Television Broadcasting , Chukyo University and the Chukyo Racecourse . Nagoya lies north of Ise Bay on the Nōbi Plain . The city was built on low-level plateaus to ward off floodwaters. The plain is one of the nation's most fertile areas. The Kiso River flows to the west along the city border, and

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4278-538: The vital Mitsubishi A6M Zero fighter. The Nagoya area also produced machine tools, bearings, railway equipment, metal alloys, tanks, motor vehicles and processed foods during the war. Air raids began on April 18, 1942, with an attack on a Mitsubishi Heavy Industries aircraft works, the Matsuhigecho oil warehouse, the Nagoya Castle military barracks and the Nagoya war industries plant. The bombing continued through

4347-452: The warlord Tokugawa Ieyasu , a retainer of Oda Nobunaga , moved the capital of Owari Province from Kiyosu to Nagoya. This period saw the renovation of Nagoya Castle . The arrival of the 20th century brought a convergence of economic factors that fueled rapid growth in Nagoya, during the Meiji Restoration , and became a major industrial hub for Japan. The traditional manufactures of timepieces, bicycles, and sewing machines were followed by

4416-429: Was constructed in Nagoya. The aviation tradition continues with Mitsubishi Aircraft Corporation headquartered in the Nagoya Airfield 's terminal building in Komaki . The Mitsubishi Regional Jet (MRJ) aircraft is produced at a factory adjacent to the airport. The MRJ is a partnership between majority owner Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Toyota with design assistance from Toyota affiliate Subaru Corporation , already

4485-416: Was deemed "very successful" by then-JNR president Reisuke Ishida, was also broadcast on television by NHK . On October 1 that same year, the line was officially opened, with the first train, Hikari 1 , traveling from Tokyo to Shin-Osaka with a top speed of 210 km/h (130 mph). In November 1965, both services had their schedule reworked so that the new timetable listed travel times of three hours for

4554-1308: Was established by the Roman Catholic Society of the Divine Word in 1932 as a high school and expanded to include Nanzan Junior College and the Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture . The main campus was designed in the 1960s by the renowned architect Antonin Raymond . Some universities specialise in engineering and technology, such as Nagoya University Engineering school, Nagoya Institute of Technology and Toyota Technological Institute ; these universities receive support and grants from companies such as Toyota . Other colleges and universities include: Aichi Prefectural College of Nursing & Health , Aichi Shukutoku Junior College , Aichi Toho University , Chukyo University , Daido University , Doho University , Kinjo Gakuin University , Kinjo Gakuin University Junior College , Meijo University , Nagoya City University , Nagoya College of Music , Nagoya Future Culture College , Nagoya Gakuin University , Nagoya Management Junior College , Nagoya Women's University , St. Mary's College, Nagoya , Sugiyama Jogakuen University , Sugiyama Jogakuen University Junior College , Tokai Gakuen Women's College . Various universities from outside Nagoya have set up satellite campuses, such as Tokyo University of Social Welfare . The Hōsa Library dates to

4623-476: Was established in 1920 in Nagoya and became one of the largest aircraft manufacturers in Japan. The availability of space and the central location of the region and the well-established connectivity were some of the major factors that lead to the establishment of the aviation industry there. Nagoya was the target of air raids during the Pacific War . The population of Nagoya at this time was estimated to be 1.5   million, fourth among Japanese cities and one of

4692-441: Was historically well known for the cloisonné art form. The Ando Cloisonné Company continues the long tradition. The confectionery company Marukawa is well known. The city offers venues for conferences and congresses such as the Nagoya Congress Center and the Nagoya International Exhibition Hall. Nagoya has mostly state-run primary and secondary schools. The area in the city limits includes international schools such as

4761-447: Was the blue-and-white Kawana ware . With the advent of industrialization during the Meiji era of the late 19th century, some export wares were produced. Industrial-scale export porcelain was made by old Noritake , also Nagoya E-tsuke ( 名古屋絵付 ) became popular. Production of industrial ceramics continues to be an important economic factor with companies such as INAX , NGK , and NGK Insulators . The city has an increasing role in

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