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103-539: The CR-Z was regarded as the spiritual successor to the second-generation Honda CR-X in both name and exterior design. In the U.S., the CR-Z is one of the least polluting hybrid vehicles available and is rated as an Advanced Technology Partial Zero Emissions Vehicle (AT-PZEV) as defined by the California Air Resources Board (CARB). The CR-Z is the third gasoline-electric hybrid model offered by Honda (after

206-415: A full-size SUV usually travels 13 mpg (US) (18 L/100 km) city and 16 mpg (US) (15 L/100 km) highway. Pickup trucks vary considerably; whereas a 4 cylinder-engined light pickup can achieve 28 mpg (8 L/100 km), a V8 full-size pickup with extended cabin only travels 13 mpg (US) (18 L/100 km) city and 15 mpg (US) (15 L/100 km) highway. The average fuel economy for all vehicles on

309-460: A 1.5-liter engine which uses an aluminum block but the 1984 CVCC cylinder head (two valves per cylinder) instead of the new aluminum head with three valves per cylinder. In spring 1985, Honda introduced an Si (Sports, injected) model featuring a more powerful 1.5-liter SOHC PGM-FI four-cylinder engine. The Si model included a power sunroof, standard dual remote exterior mirrors, rear wiper, 13-inch alloy wheels and an Si-exclusive ducktail spoiler for

412-899: A Japanese-market CR-Z resulted in 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) in 10.5 seconds and the quarter mile in 17.6 seconds. Inside Line performed the 0–60 mph (0–97 km/h) test in 8.8 seconds, and Motor Trend, in 8.3 seconds. Japanese fuel economy ratings are 4.0 litres per 100 kilometres (59 mpg ‑US ) for CVT and 4.4 litres per 100 kilometres (53 mpg ‑US ) for MT in 10•15 mode; and 4.4 litres per 100 kilometres (53 mpg ‑US ) for CVT and 4.9 litres per 100 kilometres (48 mpg ‑US ) for MT in JC08 mode. The 2011 CR-Z U.S. EPA ratings are 31 miles per US gallon (7.6 L/100 km; 37 mpg ‑imp ) for city and 37 miles per US gallon (6.4 L/100 km; 44 mpg ‑imp ) for highway with manual transmission . The model with CVT transmission has

515-473: A base price of A$ 34,990 plus on-road costs in two grades: Sport and Luxury. Grades were identical except that Sport was only available with manual transmission while Luxury was only available with CVT automatic transmission and the addition of satellite navigation and glass roof. In January 2015 Honda announced that it would cease selling the CR-Z in Australia citing rationalization of its hybrid model lineup but

618-660: A clear way as described in the UK Statutory Instrument 2004 No 1661. Since September 2005 a color-coded "Green Rating" sticker has been available in the UK, which rates fuel economy by CO 2 emissions: A: <= 100 g/km, B: 100–120, C: 121–150, D: 151–165, E: 166–185, F: 186–225, and G: 226+. Depending on the type of fuel used, for gasoline A corresponds to about 4.1 L/100 km (69 mpg ‑imp ; 57 mpg ‑US ) and G about 9.5 L/100 km (30 mpg ‑imp ; 25 mpg ‑US ). Ireland has

721-427: A cold start, and then "extra urban" travel at various speeds up to 120 km/h which follows the urban test. A combined figure is also quoted showing the total fuel consumed in divided by the total distance traveled in both tests. Fuel economy can be expressed in two ways: Conversions of units: While the thermal efficiency (mechanical output to chemical energy in fuel) of petroleum engines has increased since

824-413: A combined peak output of 130 hp (97 kW; 132 PS) at 6,000 rpm and 140 lb⋅ft (190 N⋅m) of torque (127 lb⋅ft [172 N⋅m] on CVT-equipped models), a gain of 8 hp (8 PS; 6 kW) and 12 lb⋅ft (16 N⋅m) of torque (4 lb⋅ft (5 N⋅m) on CVT equipped models). A new Plus Sport System was now standard. If the battery is more than 30 percent charged and

927-519: A combined score of 16 or better is needed, so a car with a 10 for economy (greenhouse) and a 6 for emission or 6 for economy and 10 for emission, or anything in between would get the highest 5 star rating. The lowest rated car is the Ssangyong Korrando with automatic transmission, with one star, while the highest rated was the Toyota Prius hybrid. The Fiat 500, Fiat Punto and Fiat Ritmo as well as

1030-544: A controlled laboratory testing procedure to generate the fuel consumption data that they submit to the Government of Canada. This controlled method of fuel consumption testing, including the use of standardized fuels, test cycles and calculations, is used instead of on-road driving to ensure that all vehicles are tested under identical conditions and that the results are consistent and repeatable. Selected test vehicles are "run in" for about 6,000 km before testing. The vehicle

1133-405: A decade before gas-electric hybrids appeared on the market, and at no price premium over the base model; the 1.5-liter is rated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (under the new rating system) at 42 miles per U.S. gallon (5.6 L/100 km; 50 mpg ‑imp ) city and 51 miles per U.S. gallon (4.6 L/100 km; 61 mpg ‑imp ) highway. The Honda CR-X

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1236-404: A detailed analysis of the forces that oppose a vehicle's motion. In terms of physics, Force = rate at which the amount of work generated (energy delivered) varies with the distance traveled, or: Note: The amount of work generated by the vehicle's power source (energy delivered by the engine) would be exactly proportional to the amount of fuel energy consumed by the engine if the engine's efficiency

1339-465: A diesel-fueled car, and 5.0 L/100 km (47 mpg US , 56 mpg imp ) for a gasoline (petrol)-fueled car. The average consumption across the fleet is not immediately affected by the new vehicle fuel economy: for example, Australia's car fleet average in 2004 was 11.5 L/100 km (20.5 mpg US ), compared with the average new car consumption in the same year of 9.3 L/100 km (25.3 mpg US ) Fuel economy at steady speeds with selected vehicles

1442-571: A few new wheel designs for the refresh. Honda had previously confirmed that a second generation of the CR-Z was under development, possibly for the 2018 model year, which never came to fruition. On June 17, 2016, Honda announced that the CR-Z would be discontinued at the end of the year to make room for the Accord Hybrid and Clarity . Two Honda Performance Development CR-Z Racers entered the 25-hour of Thunderhill endurance race held on December 4–5, 2010 at Willows, California. The car, first shown to

1545-492: A fixed glass panel which stretched from the top of the windshield to the top of the hatch opening. Relatively common in Japan, these are sought-after models in other markets. Outside of North America, the second generation CR-X was available with a 1.5-litre SOHC 4-cylinder engine or an updated version of the 1.6-litre DOHC 4-cylinder (ZC) engine. Many of these were fitted with fuel injection as standard. In September 1989, Honda added

1648-674: A manual transmission, and $ 22,790 with a CVT. The new EX-L trim started at $ 24,440 with a manual transmission, and $ 25,090 with a CVT. The refresh changed a few colors as well. The North Shore Blue Pearl color changed to the Aegean Blue Metallic color, the Crystal Black Pearl color changed to the Jet Black color, and Premium White Pearl changed to Ivory Pearl. On the EX trim, the secondary interior red color changed to orange. The CR-Z also gained

1751-405: A rating of 35 miles per US gallon (6.7 L/100 km; 42 mpg ‑imp ) for city driving cycle and 39 miles per US gallon (6.0 L/100 km; 47 mpg ‑imp ) for highway. Beyond U.S. EPA estimates, among drivers reporting real-world fuel economy the CR-Z averages nearly 39 mpg overall. When comparing fuel economy to the CR-Z's older cousin, according to fueleconomy.gov,

1854-399: A result of higher fuel cost. A study indicates that a 10% increase in gas prices will eventually produce a 2.04% increase in fuel economy. One method by car makers to increase fuel efficiency is lightweighting in which lighter-weight materials are substituted in for improved engine performance and handling. Identical vehicles can have varying fuel consumption figures listed depending upon

1957-471: A revised grille and modified side skirts. It also features a rear diffuser, an adjustable wing and a sports twin exhaust system. Other highlights include an adjustable suspension, high-performance brakes and 17-inch alloy wheels. The cabin has two-tone seats, a carbon fiber gear knob, a boost meter and an individually-numbered plaque. Power is provided by a supercharged 1.5-liter engine that produces 156 HP (115 kW) and 185 Nm (136 lb-ft) of torque. It

2060-432: A set of 17-inch bronze/silver wheels in 7-spoke and minor interior cosmetic bits. The car is powered by a 1.5-liter engine which has been equipped with a supercharger and a revised ECU. Thanks to these tweaks, the hybrid is rumored to have 178 hp (133 kW / 180 PS) instead of the concept's 197 hp (147 kW / 200 PS). This enables the car to accelerate from 0–60 mph (97 km/h) in 6.1 seconds before hitting

2163-592: A sticker on the windscreen showing the fuel consumption and the CO 2 emissions. Fuel consumption figures are expressed as urban , extra urban and combined , measured according to ECE Regulations 83 and 101 – which are the based on the European driving cycle ; previously, only the combined number was given. Australia also uses a star rating system, from one to five stars, that combines greenhouse gases with pollution, rating each from 0 to 10 with ten being best. To get 5 stars

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2266-455: A top speed in excess of 130 mph (209 km/h). The CR-Z Mugen was slated to be launched early 2012 with a base price of approximately £23,000 ($ 35,820 / €26,780). Honda's Motorsport Division Mugen has announced plans to offer a high-performance Honda CR-Z in Japan. Production was limited to 300 units. Dubbed the Mugen RZ, the model features an aerodynamic body kit with a front spoiler,

2369-617: A top speed of 120 km/h (74.6 mph). EU fuel consumption numbers are often considerably lower than corresponding US EPA test results for the same vehicle. For example, the 2011 Honda CR-Z with a six-speed manual transmission is rated 6.1/4.4 L/100 km in Europe and 7.6/6.4 L/100 km (31/37 mpg ) in the United States. In the European Union advertising has to show carbon dioxide (CO 2 )-emission and fuel consumption data in

2472-542: A total of six colors offered each model year. Four color options were available on the CRX and CRX Si and two color options were available for the CRX HF. Color availability would vary based on trim package and the interior color would depend on the exterior color choice. 1988 1989 1990 1991 In 1992, Honda replaced the CR-X with a new, targa topped , Civic-based model called

2575-546: A vacuum with frictionless wheels could travel at any speed without consuming any energy beyond what is needed to get the car up to speed. Less ideally, any vehicle must expend energy on overcoming road load forces, which consist of aerodynamic drag, tire rolling resistance, and inertial energy that is lost when the vehicle is decelerated by friction brakes. With ideal regenerative braking , the inertial energy could be completely recovered, but there are few options for reducing aerodynamic drag or rolling resistance other than optimizing

2678-474: Is 235.215 x {\displaystyle \textstyle {\frac {235.215}{x}}} , where x {\displaystyle x} is value of L/100 km. For miles per Imperial gallon (4.5461 L) the formula is 282.481 x {\displaystyle \textstyle {\frac {282.481}{x}}} . In parts of Europe, the two standard measuring cycles for "litre/100 km" value are "urban" traffic with speeds up to 50 km/h from

2781-427: Is 25% more miles per gallon for an efficient turbodiesel. For example, the current model Skoda Octavia, using Volkswagen engines, has a combined European fuel efficiency of 41.3 mpg ‑US (5.70 L/100 km) for the 105 bhp (78 kW) petrol engine and 52.3 mpg ‑US (4.50 L/100 km) for the 105 bhp (78 kW) — and heavier — diesel engine. The higher compression ratio

2884-635: Is backed up by an IMA hybrid system that develops 20 HP (15 kW) and 78 Nm (58 lb-ft) of torque. Honda Performance Development (HPD) Beginning August 21, 2014, Honda North America's racing division, HPD, released a line of performance parts for the CR-Z available through North American Honda dealers. The parts line-up includes a supercharger kit, limited-slip differential, performance suspension, cat-back exhaust, rear diffuser, 18 inch alloy wheels, larger brake calipers and rotors, and decals and badges. The supercharger kit can only be installed on manual transmission equipped vehicles and requires

2987-534: Is helpful in raising the energy efficiency, but diesel fuel also contains approximately 10% more energy per unit volume than gasoline which contributes to the reduced fuel consumption for a given power output. In 2002, the United States had 85,174,776 trucks, and averaged 13.5 miles per US gallon (17.4 L/100 km; 16.2 mpg ‑imp ). Large trucks, over 33,000 pounds (15,000 kg), averaged 5.7 miles per US gallon (41 L/100 km; 6.8 mpg ‑imp ). The average economy of automobiles in

3090-477: Is priced at US$ 23,310 . The CR-Z pricing was similar to the now discontinued Honda Insight and had a lower price than the market leader Toyota Prius . After its launch in late August 2010, there were 3,349 Honda CR-Z sold as of end of October 2010. It ranked as the fourth most sold hybrid in the U.S. for September and October of that year. U.S. sales for year 2010 reached 5,249 units, and ranked 11th in hybrid sales for that year. For year 2011 cumulative sales of

3193-795: Is produced by Daimler AG and is only sold by one company in the United States. Furthermore, the world record in fuel economy of production cars is held by the Volkswagen Group , with special production models (labeled "3L") of the Volkswagen Lupo and the Audi A2 , consuming as little as 3 L/100 km (94 mpg ‑imp ; 78 mpg ‑US ). Diesel engines generally achieve greater fuel efficiency than petrol (gasoline) engines. Passenger car diesel engines have energy efficiency of up to 41% but more typically 30%, and petrol engines of up to 37.3%, but more typically 20%. A common margin

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3296-444: Is standard equipment and a continuously variable transmission (CVT) is available. The system delivers a combined peak output of 121 bhp (90 kW; 123 PS) at 6000 rpm and 128 lb⋅ft (174 N⋅m) at 1000 to 1500 rpm (123 lb⋅ft (167 N⋅m) on CVT-equipped models). The gasoline engine contributes 111 bhp (83 kW; 113 PS) at 6000 rpm and 106 lb⋅ft (144 N⋅m) at 4800 rpm for

3399-421: Is the same regardless of power output, but this is not necessarily the case due to the operating characteristics of the internal combustion engine. For a vehicle whose source of power is a heat engine (an engine that uses heat to perform useful work), the amount of fuel energy that a vehicle consumes per unit of distance (level road) depends upon: Ideally, a car traveling at a constant velocity on level ground in

3502-428: Is then mounted on a chassis dynamometer programmed to take into account the aerodynamic efficiency, weight and rolling resistance of the vehicle. A trained driver runs the vehicle through standardized driving cycles that simulate trips in the city and on the highway. Fuel consumption ratings are derived from the emissions generated during the driving cycles. THE 5 CYCLE TEST: Tests 1, 3, 4, and 5 are averaged to create

3605-740: The Alfa Romeo GT Junior Zagato which the Honda CR-X designer owned. The Japanese Si and European 1.6i-16 models came with a 1.6-litre 16-valve DOHC 4-cylinder engine putting out 135 PS (99 kW; 133 hp) in the UK-spec model and 140 PS (103 kW; 138 hp) in the JDM model. Though similar versions of the same engine, the Japanese Si engine was stamped ZC, while the European engine

3708-448: The CR-Z , regarded as the spiritual successor to the CRX. Consumer reporter David Horowitz tested the 1984 CRX's fuel economy claim in a "Commercial Challenge" on his TV series Fight Back! commercials for the CRX claimed it could reach 60 miles per gallon fuel economy; according to Horowitz's test, it bested that figure, reaching 65 miles per gallon, and passed the test. In Australia,

3811-553: The Honda CR-X del Sol . The CR-X del Sol was also badged as the Civic del Sol and later the del Sol in some markets, and known simply as the CR-X in others. It is because of this that the del Sol is generally considered the "third-generation CR-X" among enthusiasts. In the United States, the del Sol came in three trim lines: S (VXi in Japan, later VGi), Si (ESi in Europe), and VTEC (VTi in Europe);

3914-573: The NSX in the 1990s, another sports car from Honda. In an interview in early February 2011, a Honda executive disclosed that Honda produces around 200,000 hybrids a year in Japan. Sales in North America started on February 26, 2010. The 2011 CR-Z was offered in three trim levels: base, EX, and EX with Navigation. The base CR-Z starts at US$ 19,950 , the CR-Z EX starts at US$ 21,510 and the EX with navigation trim

4017-464: The Prelude . In North America, the CRX was marketed in two versions: economy and sport. The economy model used a new aluminum 1.3-liter CVCC four-cylinder engine. The sportier model featured an aluminum 1.5-liter 12-valve engine and was available with either a 5-speed manual or a 3-speed automatic transmission. For 1985, Honda North America replaced the economy model with an HF (high fuel) model featuring

4120-464: The 1.6-litre 16-valve DOHC VTEC 4-cylinder B16A engine to the lineup outside of North America. The VTEC (variable valve timing and lift electronic control) engine provided increased power at high RPMs while still allowing low fuel consumption and better idling at low RPMs. The B16A produced 160 PS (118 kW; 158 hp) in the Japanese SiR model and 150 PS (110 kW; 148 hp) in

4223-419: The 1988 gasoline-powered Honda CR-X HF had an EPA rating of 41 miles per US gallon (5.7 L/100 km; 49 mpg ‑imp ) city driving, and 49 miles per US gallon (4.8 L/100 km; 59 mpg ‑imp ) highway driving. The CR-Z is ranked number four on 2011 EPA top ten list of fuel efficient vehicles for CVT equipped model and number ten for manual transmission equipped model. Sales of

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4326-562: The 1988–1991 CR-X was assessed in the Used Car Safety Ratings 2006 as providing "significantly worse than average" protection for its occupants in the event of side impact. Both versions of the CR-X got good safety marks (4 and 5 stars) in the NHTSA Crash Test Results for 1997 US NCAP. The US version of the second-generation CR-X employed the use of side-impact door beams on some models. These models can be identified by

4429-559: The 2000–2006 Insight and 2003–2005 Civic Hybrid) that can be equipped with a manual transmission, and the only one in its class. The CR-Z is the sixth generation of Honda's Integrated Motor Assist (IMA) technology since the technology was launched in the first generation Insight 3 door hatchback. Sales of the CR-Z began in Japan in February 2010. Sales in the U.S. began in August 2010, and production ended in late 2016. The design and production of

4532-721: The 2009 Tokyo Motor Show , Honda displayed a revised "CR-Z Concept 2009". In January 2010, Honda introduced the production CR-Z at the 2010 North American International Auto Show in Detroit. At its introduction in 2010, it won the Car of the Year Japan Award. Automotive News reported in June 2010 that since its debut at the Detroit Auto Show, the CR-Z Web site had had 1 million hits. Honda promoted

4635-819: The 2011 model from the Facebook game Car Town . The car was also featured in the music video for the Jason Derulo song Ridin' Solo . CR-Z models have received an average rating for side crash safety, an excellent (5 out of 5 stars) rating for rollover, and a 4 out of 5 star rating for frontal crash safety for 2012 and newer models. The 2011 model has an average frontal crash safety rating (3 out of 5 stars). Dual front airbags, side airbags and head-protecting side curtains are standard equipment. Antilock brakes (ABS), electronic brakeforce distribution (EBD). The project leader, Norio Tomobe, worked previously as chief engineer on Honda's Mobilio Spike and Elysion . The basic concept of

4738-582: The B16A1 that came in the European 1.6i-VT model. The CR-X was the second car to receive a DOHC VTEC engine, shortly after the Honda Integra XSi . The CR-X equipped with the 1.6-litre DOHC 4-cylinder engine or the 1.6-litre DOHC VTEC 4-cylinder engine came with a different bonnet since the twin-cam engines were taller and required additional bonnet clearances in comparison to the SOHC engines. The 1.6-litre DOHC engine

4841-450: The CR-Z began in Japan on August 24, 2010 at a starting price of ¥2.3 million (~ US$ 25,340 ) before any government subsidies . Honda announced that in less than one month it had received orders for more than 10,000 vehicles, far exceeding its sales forecast. As of the end of August 2010, more than 19,000 CR-Z were delivered and sales orders received are three times higher than expected, which led to Japanese media comparing its success with

4944-811: The CR-Z did not sell strongly in the Australian market with only 69 reported sales in 2014. It was launched in New Zealand in December 2011. Introduced in Indonesia International Motor Show 2012 in September 2012, the CR-Z was launched in February 2013. Honda CR-Z was the third hybrid car released in Indonesia after Toyota Prius and Toyota Camry Hybrid. Both the 6-speed manual or CVT automatic transmissions were available. Honda Cars Philippines Inc. introduced

5047-536: The CR-Z followed two other Honda hybrid concept cars : the Honda Remix, introduced at the 2006 Los Angeles Auto Show , and the Honda Small Hybrid Sports , introduced at the 2007 Geneva Motor Show . The Honda CR-Z was introduced as a concept vehicle on October 23, 2007 at the 2007 Tokyo Motor Show . Honda said the name "CR-Z" stood for "Compact Renaissance Zero" — reflecting the idea of a renaissance in

5150-654: The CR-Z hybrid coupe to the Philippine market in August 2013. The CR-Z was offered in three variants; a standard trim, Modulo, and Mugen. Honda Atlas Cars (Pakistan) Limited introduced the CR-Z hybrid coupe to the Pakistani market in December 2013 with a price tag of Rs.3,269,000 for the manual transmission and Rs. 3,419,000 for the Automatic. An additional Rs. 80,000 was charged for the Pearl/Metallic Colors only. Honda CRZ

5253-494: The CR-Z in the U.S. reached 9,635 units through August, ranking number four in hybrid sales in 2011 and outsold only by the Hyundai Sonata Hybrid , Honda Insight , and Toyota Prius . In addition to commercials airing during sporting events, Honda held a marketing competition available to universities throughout the United States. This competition allowed students to create public relations and social media campaigns for

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5356-441: The CR-Z is traveling over 18 mph (29 km/h), the driver can press the "S+" button on the steering wheel to deliver increased acceleration for up to five seconds. Manual-transmission versions also receive both a larger clutch and a new lower final drive ratio. EPA-rated fuel economy figures increased by 1 mpg city for CVT equipped models, and 1 mpg highway for those with the six-speed manual transmission. An early road test of

5459-592: The CR-Z was to create a fun-to-drive sports car with driving characteristics of a Honda. Chief chassis engineer Terukazu Torikai explained in a video that during the development process “this car was brought to Europe at each prototype stage to be tested under various road conditions to evaluate whether the desired performance had been achieved.” The CR-Z is powered by a 1.5 L (1,497 cc; 91.4 cu in) i-VTEC SOHC 16-valve straight-four engine , designated LEA , with Honda's Integrated Motor Assist (IMA) hybrid-electric system. A six-speed manual transmission

5562-518: The CVT version; the electric motor produces 10 kW (13 hp; 14 PS) at 1,500 rpm and 79 N⋅m (58 lb⋅ft) at 1,000 rpm On November 21, 2012, Honda released the 2013 CR-Z to the United States market, which other than minor cosmetic changes, included a more powerful electric motor (up from 10 to 15 kW [13 to 20 hp; 14 to 20 PS]), and a new, higher voltage (144V), 0.6 kWh lithium-ion battery pack. The 2013 CR-Z delivers

5665-509: The Citroen C3 also received 5 stars. The greenhouse rating depends on the fuel economy and the type of fuel used. A greenhouse rating of 10 requires 60 or less grams of CO 2 per km, while a rating of zero is more than 440 g/km CO 2 . The highest greenhouse rating of any 2009 car listed is the Toyota Prius, with 106 g/km CO 2 and 4.4 L/100 km (64 mpg ‑imp ; 53 mpg ‑US ). Several other cars also received

5768-575: The Civic, due to the wide availability of parts, the CR-X is popular for motorsport usage. In the United Kingdom, there was a one-make series dedicated to the series 2 of the CR-X which soldiered on a few years after the series 3 was introduced and was popular for showroom stock racing series. Today, the car is popular for use in drag , autocross and road racing events. As featured in the May 1985 issue of Car and Driver , Project Synchronicity Honda CRX

5871-504: The HF ("high fuel efficiency ") model with the 1.5-liter 8-valve multi-point fuel injection (MPFI) 4-cylinder D15B6 engine, or the Si (sport injected) model with the 1.6-liter 16-valve MPFI 4-cylinder D16A6 engine. The base model was available with either a 5-speed manual transmission or a 4-speed automatic transmission while the HF and Si only offered a 5-speed manual transmission. A modification made to

5974-452: The JDM SiR model featured a 1.6-liter 170 hp (130 kW) B16 SiR-II DOHC VTEC 4-cylinder engine. Production of the del Sol ended in 1997 in North America, elsewhere in 1998 and thus, the CR-X line was retired. Articles on the first-generation Honda Insight have compared its appearance to that of the 1984–1991 CRX. In 2010, thirteen years after the end of CRX production, Honda released

6077-625: The NMSL, accounted for 9.5% of the U.S' vehicle-miles-traveled in 1973, but such free-flowing roads typically provide more fuel-efficient travel than conventional roads. A reasonably modern European supermini and many mid-size cars, including station wagons, may manage motorway travel at 5 L/100 km (47 mpg US/56 mpg imp) or 6.5 L/100 km in city traffic (36 mpg US/43 mpg imp), with carbon dioxide emissions of around 140 g/km. An average North American mid-size car travels 21 mpg (US) (11 L/100 km) city, 27 mpg (US) (9 L/100 km) highway;

6180-1029: The Netherlands. When the US National Maximum Speed Law 's 55 mph (89 km/h) speed limit was mandated from 1974 to 1995, there were complaints that fuel economy could decrease instead of increase. The 1997 Toyota Celica got better fuel-efficiency at 105 km/h (65 mph) than it did at 65 km/h (40 mph) (5.41 L/100 km (43.5 mpg ‑US ) vs 5.53 L/100 km (42.5 mpg ‑US )), although even better at 60 mph (97 km/h) than at 65 mph (105 km/h) (48.4 mpg ‑US (4.86 L/100 km) vs 43.5 mpg ‑US (5.41 L/100 km)), and its best economy (52.6 mpg ‑US (4.47 L/100 km)) at only 25 mph (40 km/h). Other vehicles tested had from 1.4 to 20.2% better fuel-efficiency at 90 km/h (56 mph) vs. 105 km/h (65 mph). Their best economy

6283-635: The USA. Most European vehicles cited in the CSI study run on diesel engines, which tend to achieve greater fuel efficiency than gas engines. Selling those cars in the United States is difficult because of emission standards, notes Walter McManus, a fuel economy expert at the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute. "For the most part, European diesels don’t meet U.S. emission standards", McManus said in 2007. Another reason why many European models are not marketed in

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6386-437: The United States in 2002 was 22.0 miles per US gallon (10.7 L/100 km; 26.4 mpg ‑imp ). By 2010 this had increased to 23.0 miles per US gallon (10.2 L/100 km; 27.6 mpg ‑imp ). Average fuel economy in the United States gradually declined until 1973, when it reached a low of 13.4 miles per US gallon (17.6 L/100 km; 16.1 mpg ‑imp ) and gradually has increased since, as

6489-408: The United States is that labor unions object to having the big 3 import any new foreign built models regardless of fuel economy while laying off workers at home. An example of European cars' capabilities of fuel economy is the microcar Smart Fortwo cdi, which can achieve up to 3.4 L/100 km (69.2 mpg US) using a turbocharged three-cylinder 41 bhp (30 kW) Diesel engine. The Fortwo

6592-511: The United States was 25.4 miles per US gallon (9.3 L/100 km). 2019 model year cars (ex. EVs) classified as "midsize" by the US EPA ranged from 12 to 56 mpg US (20 to 4.2 L/100 km) However, due to environmental concerns caused by CO 2 emissions, new EU regulations are being introduced to reduce the average emissions of cars sold beginning in 2012, to 130 g/km of CO 2 , equivalent to 4.5 L/100 km (52 mpg US , 63 mpg imp ) for

6695-412: The actual performance of the vehicle. The energy in fuel is required to overcome various losses ( wind resistance , tire drag , and others) encountered while propelling the vehicle, and in providing power to vehicle systems such as ignition or air conditioning. Various strategies can be employed to reduce losses at each of the conversions between the chemical energy in the fuel and the kinetic energy of

6798-532: The beginning of the automotive era , this is not the only factor in fuel economy. The design of automobile as a whole and usage pattern affects the fuel economy. Published fuel economy is subject to variation between jurisdiction due to variations in testing protocols. One of the first studies to determine fuel economy in the United States was the Mobil Economy Run , which was an event that took place every year from 1936 (except during World War II ) to 1968. It

6901-507: The button is pressed. One of the two entrants battled from a near 10-lap deficit to finish second in the Endurance 3 class, after suffering early in the race from two five-minute "stop-and-hold" penalties caused by refueling problems. The other entrant scored pole position of the class but failed to finish the race. The Honda CR-Z was one of the most showcased cars during the SEMA Show earlier in

7004-445: The city driving fuel consumption rate. Tests 2, 4, and 5 are averaged to create the highway driving fuel consumption rate. In the European Union, passenger vehicles are commonly tested using two drive cycles, and corresponding fuel economies are reported as "urban" and "extra-urban", in liters per 100 km and (in the UK) in miles per imperial gallon. The urban economy is measured using

7107-444: The dealer to send the car's ECU directly to HPD for reprogramming. This would allow an estimated 197 HP and 176 ft-lb of torque to be produced using 91 octane fuel. If the supercharger kit was equipped at a Honda dealer, the original powertrain warranty would not be voided and carry over after installation was complete. Cars with ECU's that have gone through HPD's programming also receive an individually numbered plaque placed just below

7210-565: The design of compact cars. At the show, CEO Fukui stated that a production model is "in the works" and that the car was intended to be "sporty, incredibly efficient and inexpensive". The CR-Z name was previously used as a grade level in 1985 and 1986 as the Honda Ballade CR-Z , which was sold alongside the original Ballade Sports CR-X in Japan. The CR-Z was first shown in America at the 2008 Detroit North American International Auto Show . At

7313-477: The distance traveled by a vehicle and the amount of fuel consumed . Consumption can be expressed in terms of the volume of fuel to travel a distance, or the distance traveled per unit volume of fuel consumed. Since fuel consumption of vehicles is a significant factor in air pollution, and since the importation of motor fuel can be a large part of a nation's foreign trade , many countries impose requirements for fuel economy. Different methods are used to approximate

7416-410: The hatch. For 1986, Honda updated the CRX with new aerodynamic headlights. The Si received body color matched lower cladding, a revised rear spoiler, new bumper covers and 14-inch alloy wheels. The interior was upgraded and added a center console with cassette tape storage. 1987 was virtually unchanged from 1986 and would be the final year of the first-generation CRX. The CR-X design was inspired by

7519-496: The impact that tire pressures have on the fuel efficiency. Environmental management systems EMAS , as well as good fleet management, includes record-keeping of the fleet fuel consumption. Quality management uses those figures to steer the measures acting on the fleets. This is a way to check whether procurement, driving, and maintenance in total have contributed to changes in the fleet's overall consumption. * highway ** combined From October 2008, all new cars had to be sold with

7622-571: The increase of performance from two larger engines. Both Honda Accord 1.8-liter powertrains were fuel injected and upgrades were made to the suspension. A Mugen body kit and upgraded wheels were also installed. The R. Straman Company of Costa Mesa, CA converted 310 Honda CRXs into convertibles from 1984 until 1987. The Straman-built CRX Spyder was the cover car on the July 1984 issue of Road & Track magazine. Fuel economy in automobiles#JC08 The fuel economy of an automobile relates to

7725-410: The initialism CR-X, the most widely accepted is "Civic Renaissance Experimental". In the U.S., the CRX was marketed as an economy sport Kammback with room for two passengers while Japanese and European market cars came with a 2+2 seating arrangement . Redesigned for the 1988 model year and produced until 1991, the CRX was popular for its performance, nimble handling, and good fuel economy. The CR-X

7828-950: The market, include: Many aftermarket consumer products exist that are purported to increase fuel economy; many of these claims have been discredited. In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency maintains a list of devices that have been tested by independent laboratories and makes the test results available to the public. Governments, various environmentalist organizations, and companies like Toyota and Shell Oil Company have historically urged drivers to maintain adequate air pressure in tires and careful acceleration/deceleration habits. Keeping track of fuel efficiency stimulates fuel economy-maximizing behavior. A five-year partnership between Michelin and Anglian Water shows that 60,000 liters of fuel can be saved on tire pressure. The Anglian Water fleet of 4,000 vans and cars are now lasting their full lifetime. This shows

7931-579: The mounting position of the safety belts. If the belt is mounted in the door, the beams are present. If the belt is mounted in the body, there is no additional reinforcement. 1988 and 1989 HFs along with 1988 Sis and base models have the B-pillar mounted restraints, like all versions sold outside of the US. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in the United States has determined frontal crash test ratings of Honda CRX of different model years. Like

8034-476: The previous generation. The CR-X received a mild refresh for the 1990 model year. The VTEC equipped models also received a makeover with updated bumpers, lights, hood , brakes, suspension and dashboard design amongst other features. Additionally, some of these design changes were added to the concurrent non-VTEC models. One of the options for the Japanese Domestic Market (JDM) CR-X was a glass roof,

8137-509: The public at 2010 SEMA Show , was fully stripped down with lowered suspension. A turbo charger was bolted to the engine raising output to 175 hp (130 kW) and 155 lb⋅ft (210 N⋅m) of torque, furthermore, the Integrated Motor Assist setup was modified utilizing components from Mission Motors and a push-to-pass function was added, making a total of 200 hp (149 kW) and 175 lb⋅ft (237 N⋅m) of torque when

8240-569: The radio unit. Honda CR-X The Honda CR-X (styled in some markets as Honda CRX ), originally launched as the Honda Ballade Sports CR-X in Japan, is a front-wheel-drive sport compact car manufactured by Honda from 1983 until 1991 with nearly 400,000 produced during this period. The first-generation CRX was marketed in some regions outside Japan as the Honda Civic CRX . Although there are many supposed definitions for

8343-528: The rear on all second-generation vehicles is a heavily-stippled black glass panel installed on the upper half of the rear of the vehicle, above the tail lights which aided in rearward visibility. Air conditioning was a dealer-installed option on all models. The Si model came with a power-sliding sunroof , a rear wiper and 14-inch alloy wheels. Underneath, the Si model was equipped with a rear anti-sway bar along with variable-ratio rack-and-pinion steering. The 90-91 Si models had 4-wheel disc brakes. There were

8446-484: The road is higher in Europe than the United States because the higher cost of fuel changes consumer behaviour . In the UK, a gallon of gas without tax would cost US$ 1.97, but with taxes cost US$ 6.06 in 2005. The average cost in the United States was US$ 2.61. European-built cars are generally more fuel-efficient than US vehicles. While Europe has many higher efficiency diesel cars, European gasoline vehicles are on average also more efficient than gasoline-powered vehicles in

8549-484: The same rating of 8.5 for greenhouse. The lowest rated was the Ferrari 575 at 499 g/km CO 2 and 21.8 L/100 km (13.0 mpg ‑imp ; 10.8 mpg ‑US ). The Bentley also received a zero rating, at 465 g/km CO 2 . The best fuel economy of any year is the 2004–2005 Honda Insight , at 3.4 L/100 km (83 mpg ‑imp ; 69 mpg ‑US ). Vehicle manufacturers follow

8652-520: The sources of energy loss in moving a vehicle may be summarized as follows: Fuel-efficiency decreases from electrical loads are most pronounced at lower speeds because most electrical loads are constant while engine load increases with speed. So at a lower speed, a higher proportion of engine horsepower is used by electrical loads. Hybrid cars see the greatest effect on fuel-efficiency from electrical loads because of this proportional effect. Technologies that may improve fuel efficiency, but are not yet on

8755-437: The test cycle known as ECE-15, first introduced in 1970 by EC Directive 70/220/EWG and finalized by EEC Directive 90/C81/01 in 1999. It simulates a 4,052 m (2.518 mile) urban trip at an average speed of 18.7 km/h (11.6 mph) and at a maximum speed of 50 km/h (31 mph). The extra-urban driving cycle or EUDC lasts 400 seconds (6 minutes 40 seconds) at an average speed 62.6 km/h (39 mph) and

8858-446: The testing methods of the jurisdiction. Lexus IS 250 – petrol 2.5 L 4GR-FSE V6 , 204 hp (153 kW), 6 speed automatic, rear wheel drive Since the total force opposing the vehicle's motion (at constant speed) multiplied by the distance through which the vehicle travels represents the work that the vehicle's engine must perform, the study of fuel economy (the amount of energy consumed per unit of distance traveled) requires

8961-416: The vehicle's shape and the tire design. Road load energy or the energy demanded at the wheels, can be calculated by evaluating the vehicle equation of motion over a specific driving cycle. The vehicle powertrain must then provide this minimum energy to move the vehicle and will lose a large amount of additional energy in the process of converting fuel energy into work and transmitting it to the wheels. Overall,

9064-454: The vehicle. A team from Syracuse University won first place in the competition, followed by runners-up New England School of Communications and University of La Verne . The CR-Z was launched in the European market in mid-2010 after having been revealed at the 2010 Geneva Motor Show and was retired in 2014. Sales in South Africa were scheduled to begin on the 30 August 2010. The CR-Z

9167-486: The vehicle. Driver behavior can affect fuel economy; maneuvers such as sudden acceleration and heavy braking waste energy. Electric cars do not directly burn fuel, and so do not have fuel economy per se, but equivalence measures, such as miles per gallon gasoline equivalent have been created to attempt to compare them. The fuel efficiency of motor vehicles can be expressed in multiple ways: The formula for converting to miles per US gallon (3.7854 L) from L/100 km

9270-492: The year and one of the cars produced 533 hp (397 kW). This is what the hybrid engine could withstand in terms of power. A sportier and quicker variant called the CR-Z Mugen came with plenty of aftermarket parts from Honda's Motorsport division, Mugen . Parts include an Aero Package, a tweaked sports suspension, a special glossy black grille with daytime running lights, a triangular sports exhaust, carbon fiber shift knob,

9373-507: Was a collaboration between American Honda and Racing Beat to install a second 1.5-liter engine with automatic transmission into the hatchback cargo area. The installation of the second powertrain "took six months and cost $ 20,000 dollars". Phase Two of the project was to have Racing Beat install two 1.8-liter engines with automatic transmissions from the Honda Accord into Synchronicity. The Honda CRX would be called Super Synchronicity because of

9476-525: Was also the option of the D14A1 engine with automatic gearbox which featured twin carburetors. ABS was optional on the Japanese SiR and came standard on the UK 1.6i-VT model, but never came on the LHD European 1.6i-VT. In the US, three different trim levels were available: The standard (unlabeled, sometimes called the "DX") equipped with the 1.5-liter 16-valve dual-point fuel injection 4-cylinder D15B2 engine,

9579-549: Was completely redesigned by late 1987 for the 1988 model year. The wheelbase increased 4 in (102 mm) overall, length increased by 3.2 in (81 mm) and width is nearly 2 in (51 mm) wider than the previous model. The suspension was completely redesigned. Honda abandoned the original torsion bar in the front and beam axle with trailing link in the rear in favor of a 4-wheel double-wishbone suspension. The larger design and revised suspension brought improvements in handling as well passenger and cargo space versus

9682-611: Was designed to provide real, efficient fuel efficiency numbers during a coast-to-coast test on real roads and with regular traffic and weather conditions. The Mobil Oil Corporation sponsored it and the United States Auto Club (USAC) sanctioned and operated the run. In more recent studies, the average fuel economy for new passenger car in the United States improved from 17 mpg (13.8 L/100 km) in 1978 to more than 22 mpg (10.7 L/100 km) in 1982. The average fuel economy for new 2020 model year cars, light trucks and SUVs in

9785-546: Was launched for the Malaysian market on November 3, 2011, which made it the first in Southeast Asia to offer the three-door hybrid. Within a month, Honda received over 300 orders, over three times its target. The introduction of the CR-Z was a result of the 2012 Malaysian Budget that extended the full import duty and excise duty exemption to imported hybrid vehicles and electric cars to 31 December 2013. The 6-speed manual model

9888-678: Was launched in Sri Lanka the same time it was launched in Japan . In 2016, the Honda CR-Z received a minor refresh. It received a change to the front and rear bumper, as well as a slightly revised interior. It also gained the EX-L trim from the refresh with a small increase in price. The base trim was renamed as LX and priced starting at $ 20,295 with a manual transmission, and $ 20,945 with a continuously variable transmission or CVT. The EX trim increased to $ 22,140 with

9991-407: Was offered first, with plans to bring in the CVT version in 2012; in addition to white, three more colors will be offered by early 2012. Honda announced that it would begin importing the CR-Z in mid-2011 after showing the car at the 2011 Australian International Motor Show in June but the launch was delayed by the earthquake and tsunami in Japan . The CR-Z was finally launched in December 2011 with

10094-413: Was only slightly taller than the 1.6-litre SOHC engine and required a different bonnet with a bump on one side which offered the additional necessary clearance to clear the cam gear cover. Cars equipped with a 1.6-litre DOHC VTEC 4-cylinder engine came with a bonnet that was raised across most of the engine bay to offer additional overall clearance for the taller engine. In some LHD European markets, there

10197-419: Was partly based on a belief that cars achieve maximum efficiency between 40 and 50 mph (65 and 80 km/h) and that trucks and buses were most efficient at 55 mph (89 km/h). In 1998, the U.S. Transportation Research Board footnoted an estimate that the 1974 National Maximum Speed Limit (NMSL) reduced fuel consumption by 0.2 to 1.0 percent. Rural interstates, the roads most visibly affected by

10300-399: Was reached at speeds of 40 to 90 km/h (25 to 56 mph) (see graph). Officials hoped that the 55 mph (89 km/h) limit, combined with a ban on ornamental lighting, no gasoline sales on Sunday, and a 15% cut in gasoline production, would reduce total gasoline consumption by 200,000 barrels a day, representing a 2.2% drop from annualized 1973 gasoline consumption levels. This

10403-498: Was replaced by Honda's CR-X del Sol , which was marketed as a CR-X in some markets. In 1983 for the 1984 model year, Honda introduced an all-new two-seater that shared the drivetrain with the Civic but offered unique styling and interior furnishings. At its introduction, the CR-X was available in Japan through Honda Verno dealership sales channels, and accompanied the Vigor , the Quint , and

10506-497: Was stamped ZC1. The original 1.3-liter car (chassis code AE532) had an EPA highway mileage rating of 52 miles per U.S. gallon (4.5 L/100 km; 62 mpg ‑imp ) in 1984 and was reported to often achieve over 70 miles per U.S. gallon (3.4 L/100 km; 84 mpg ‑imp ) in favorable driving conditions. The later 1.5-liter American-market CRX HF (high fuel economy) model (chassis codes EC1 and AF) could also reliably achieve very good gas mileage, more than

10609-838: Was studied in 2010. The most recent study indicates greater fuel efficiency at higher speeds than earlier studies; for example, some vehicles achieve better fuel economy at 100 km/h (62 mph) rather than at 70 km/h (43 mph), although not their best economy, such as the 1994 Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera with the LN2 2.2L engine, which has its best economy at 90 km/h (56 mph) (8.1 L/100 km (29 mpg ‑US )), and gets better economy at 105 km/h (65 mph) than at 72 km/h (45 mph) (9.4 L/100 km (25 mpg ‑US ) vs 22 mpg ‑US (11 L/100 km)). The proportion of driving on high speed roadways varies from 4% in Ireland to 41% in

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