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23-597: The village of Hofwil was originally part of the lands owned by the Münchenbuchsee Commandery , a medieval commandery of the Knights Hospitaller in nearby Münchenbuchsee. After the commandery was suppressed during the Protestant Reformation , Hofwil was owned by a number of nobles. In 1719 Hieronymus von Erlach combined the village with Moosseedorf . Hofwil Castle was built in 1784-86 by

46-686: A Papal order of knighthood . In the Italian Armed Forces , the military rank of Commander is Comandante . In German , Komtur (derived from Latin : commendator ) was a rank within military orders , especially the Teutonic Knights . In the State of the Teutonic Order , the Komtur was the commander of a basic administrative division called Kommende (also Komturei ). A Komtur

69-853: A member senior to a Knight . Variations include Knight Commander, notably in English, sometimes used to denote an even higher rank than Commander. In some orders of chivalry, Commander ranks above Officier (i.e. Officer ), but below one or more ranks with a prefix meaning 'Great', e.g. Grand- in French, Grosskomtur in German, Gran Comendador (using an equivalent suffix) in Spanish, Grande Ufficiale in Italian, and Groot- in Dutch ( Grootcommandeur , 'Grand Commander'), Grand Cross . The rank of commandeur in

92-607: A music institute for the 10th through 12th grade. The building also houses an optional boarding school for students. The swimming pool at Hofwil, the Hofwil Institution and Hofwil Castle are listed as Swiss heritage site of national significance . The entire area around Hofwil is part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites . 47°01′13″N 7°27′45″E  /  47.02028°N 7.46250°E  / 47.02028; 7.46250 This Canton of Bern location article

115-499: A secondary school for local students and an institute for the sons of wealthy families throughout Europe. The institute, which was founded in 1808, gradually became the largest school and developed an international reputation. The Hofwil Institution building was built in 1817-21 as a center piece of Emanuel von Fellenberg's educational vision. The outbuildings were built in 1818, followed by a teacher's house in 1819 and another school building around 1820. After Fellenberg's death in 1844

138-446: Is Dama di Commenda ('Dame commander'), but today the word Commendatrice is sometimes used. United Kingdom is distinguished by its use of differentiating Commander and Knight or Dame Commander. Knight Commander or Dame Commander is the second most senior grade of seven orders of chivalry , three of which are dormant (and one of them continues as a German house order). The rank entails admission into knighthood , allowing

161-508: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Commandery (feudalism) In the Middle Ages , a commandery (rarely commandry ) was the smallest administrative division of the European landed properties of a military order . It was also the name of the house where the knights of the commandery lived. The word is also applied to the emoluments granted to a commander. They were

184-730: Is the Great Cross of Merit and the equivalent to a Knight Commander is the Great Cross of Merit with the Star and Sash ( Großes Verdienstkreuz mit Stern und Schulterband ) As for the Papal orders , it is also applied in the Sovereign Military Order of Malta (in its Order pro merito Melitensi bestowed for merit) and the Order of the Holy Sepulchre . Traditionally, the analogous rank for ladies

207-669: The Grand Master . He had his seat at Malbork Castle ( German : Marienburg , now in Poland ). Grosskomtur and four other senior officers like the Grand Marshal were appointed by the Grand Master and formed the council of Großgebietiger with competence on the whole order. In postwar Germany the ranks of the Order of Merit were named with totally new terms. The equivalent to a commander

230-413: The Order of Knights of St. John of Jerusalem , and later the Order of Teutonic Knights and other knightly orders were organized along similar lines. The property of the order was divided into "priorates" (or priories ), subdivided into "bailiwicks," which in turn were divided into "commanderies" or " commendæ "; these were placed in charge of a " commendator " or commander . The word is also applied to

253-536: The Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (originally established by the royal House of Savoy ) and other orders of knighthood is awarded by decree of the President of Italy . The rank of Commendatore (Knight Commander) is a higher award than Ufficiale (Officer), which in turn is higher than Cavaliere (Knight), the first level in this order of chivalry. The Italian government's orders are exceptional to

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276-740: The British Empire , the grade of Commander is senior to the grade of Lieutenant and Officer , respectively, but junior to that of Knight Commander or Dame Commander. In the British Venerable Order of Saint John , a Commander ranks below a Knight. However, Knights of the Venerable Order of St John are not entitled to the style of Sir . The orders, from highest to lowest, that award the rank of Knight and Dame Commander, and related post-nominal letters , are (dormant orders are in italics ): Knights Commander and Dames Commander rank behind

299-575: The French orders comes from the Middle Ages military orders , in which low-level administrative houses were called commanderies and were governed by commandeurs . In the Modern Age, the French Kings created chivalric orders which mimicked the military order's ranks. Both orders were suppressed in 1830 by the new King Louis-Philippe I . The title of Commendatore ("Knight Commander") in

322-474: The Near East and throughout Europe: Commander (order) Commander ( Italian : Commendatore ; French : Commandeur ; German : Komtur ; Spanish : Comendador ; Portuguese : Comendador ), or Knight Commander , is a title of honor prevalent in chivalric orders and fraternal orders . The title of Commander occurred in the medieval military orders , such as the Knights Hospitaller , for

345-400: The architect Carl Ahasver von Sinner for Gabriel Albrecht von Erlach. A peristyle was added to the neo-classical building in 1798. The Hofwil Institution was built by Philipp Emanuel von Fellenberg , a Bernese patrician. He took over the estate of Hofwyl in 1799 from his father and transformed it into several schools to educate all levels of society. He established a school for the poor,

368-590: The emoluments granted to a commander of a military order of knights. A commandry of the Teutonic Knights, each headed by a Komtur , was known as a Komturei or Kommende . The equivalents among the Knights Templar were " preceptor " and "preceptory". In 1540, the possessions in England of the Knights Hospitaller - the commanderies to which the English term first referred - were seized as crown property. In

391-541: The equivalent for those orders to a monastic grange . The knight in charge of a commandery was a commander . The word derives from French commanderie or commenderie , from mediaeval Latin commendaria or commenda , meaning "a trust or charge", originally one held in commendam . Originally, commandries were benefices, particularly in the Church, held in commendam . Mediaeval military orders adopted monastic organizational structures and commandries were divisions of

414-507: The international standard in that they do not officially have special ranks or decorations for females (Dames). The rank of Commendatore is also bestowed in several Italian dynastic orders of the royal houses of Savoy, the Two Sicilies , Parma , and Tuscany . The Republic of Italy officially recognizes the orders and titles conferred upon its citizens from the Holy See and from some of

437-440: The most senior rank in each order, that of Knight Grand Cross . The third most senior rank in each order is Companion (CB, CSI, CMG, CIE), Knight (KH) or Commander (CVO, CBE). Insignia include a breast star, and a badge on a ribbon . In military orders with extensive territorial possessions, individual estates could be called commenda and entrusted to an individual knight, as a de facto fief. Apart from cases where such

460-581: The recipient to use the title 'Sir' (male) or 'Dame' (female) before his or her name. In the Commonwealth Realms orders and decorations , Knight Commander and Dame Commander rank before Knights Bachelor but after the Order of the Companions of Honour , although Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour obtain no knighthood or other status. In the Royal Victorian Order and the Order of

483-520: The royal houses of Italy. Commendatore is also the Italian translation for the rank of Knight Commander in foreign orders, such as the Order of the British Empire . Il Commendatore is also a character in Mozart 's Don Giovanni , and was additionally commonly used to refer to Enzo Ferrari . In the movie The Godfather Part III , Michael Corleone is addressed as Commendatore Michael Corleone on his return to Sicily since he received

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506-517: The schools struggled and eventually every one closed. The Canton of Bern bought the building in 1884 to house the expansion of the teachers' college, which had been founded in 1833 in Münchenbuchsee. Over the following decades it became just a preparatory school which fed into the main teacher's college in Bern. However, in 1973 it once again became a full college. In 1997 it changed again, this time into

529-478: Was responsible for feeding and supporting the Order's Knights from the yield of local estates. He commanded several Procurators . A Kommende had a convent of at least 12 brothers. Various Kommenden formed a Ballei province. Grosskomtur (or Großkomtur , 'Grand Commander') was one of the highest ranks within the Knights responsible for the administration of the Order and second-in-command after

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