38-620: Herrenhausen Palace (German: Schloss Herrenhausen ) is a former royal summer residence of the House of Hanover in the Herrenhausen district of the German city of Hanover . It is the centrepiece of Herrenhausen Gardens . Sophia of Hanover oversaw the development of the estate in the late 1600s. The 17th century palace was destroyed by a Royal Air Force bombing raid in 1943 during World War II and reconstructed between 2009 and 2013. Today it houses
76-650: A European royal house with roots tracing back to the 17th century. Its members, known as Hanoverians , ruled Hanover , Great Britain , Ireland , and the British Empire at various times during the 17th to 20th centuries. Originating as a cadet branch of the House of Welf in 1635, also known then as the House of Brunswick-Lüneburg , the Hanoverians ascended to prominence with Hanover's elevation to an Electorate in 1692. In 1714 George I , prince-elector of Hanover and
114-782: A car accident in 1912; the father renounced Brunswick in favour of his younger son Ernest Augustus , who married the Kaiser's daughter Victoria Louise the same year, swore allegiance to the German Empire and was allowed to ascend the throne of the Duchy in November 1913. He was a major-general during the First World War , but he was overthrown as Duke of Brunswick in 1918. His father was also deprived of his British titles in 1919 for "bearing arms against Great Britain". After having left Brunswick Palace ,
152-501: A caretaker's house was built within the garden. Construction of a Palmenhaus ( palm house ) was begun in 1846, a conservatory for palms designed by court architect Georg Ludwig Friedrich Laves . Within five years of its completion in 1849, the building housed the most valuable and extensive collection of palms in Europe. A mausoleum , also designed by Laves, was built from 1842 to 1847. King Ernest Augustus , who died one year after completion,
190-790: A ceremony attended by Beatrice and Eugenie of York , as well as August. The reconstructed baroque palace houses the Herrenhausen Palace Museum ( Museum Schloss Herrenhausen ) with a cafeteria and a bookshop, as well as exhibition and meeting spaces sponsored by the Volkswagen Foundation. The palace's extensive gardens extending beyond the original Great Garden are an important example of baroque and later garden design and contain many significant period garden buildings. The gardens were reinstated following major damage in World War II, and became an important leisure resource for
228-471: A descendant of King James VI and I , assumed the throne of Great Britain and Ireland , marking the beginning of Hanoverian rule over the British Empire . At the end of his line, Queen Victoria 's death in 1901, the throne of the United Kingdom passed to her eldest son Edward VII , a member of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha , through his father Albert, Prince Consort . The last reigning members of
266-518: A hitherto overlooked (and since repealed) provision of the Sophia Naturalization Act 1705 . According to the decision taken by a court of the House of Lords , all family members bear the last name Guelph in the UK and are styled Royal Highnesses in their documents. Many towns and provinces across the British Empire were named after the ruling House of Hanover and its members. They include
304-538: A house for rain forest -themed gardens was added, which was transformed to an aquarium in 2007. The Berggarten was created as part of the Herrenhäuser Gärten of the residence Herrenhäuser Schloss in Herrenhausen in 1666 as a vegetable garden on a hill north of the palace. Sophia of Hanover later transformed it into a garden for exotic plants. In 1686, a conservatory was built. Besides aesthetic purposes,
342-589: A museum, a division of the Historisches Museum Hannover , and exhibition space. Originally a manor house of 1640, the building was enlarged in phases from 1676, and served as a summer retreat, located only a few kilometers outside the city from the central Leine Palace . In 1683 Sophia of Hanover commissioned the French gardener Martin Charbonnier to enlarge the garden in the manner of Versailles to form
380-457: A temporary council of regency to take over at the Duke's death and, if necessary, to appoint a regent. The Duke of Cumberland proclaimed himself Duke of Brunswick at the Duke's death, and lengthy negotiations ensued but were never resolved. Prince Albert of Prussia was appointed regent. After his death in 1906, Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg succeeded him. The Duke of Cumberland's eldest son died in
418-447: The Duke of Cumberland . In 1901, when Queen Victoria, the last British monarch provided by the House of Hanover, died, her son and heir Edward VII became the first British monarch of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha . Edward took his family name from that of his father, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha . After the death of William IV in 1837, the following kings of Hanover continued
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#1732855671122456-705: The Hanoverian Army and foreign policy. From 1814, when Hanover became a kingdom following the Napoleonic Wars , the British monarch was also King of Hanover . Upon the death of William IV in 1837, the personal union of the thrones of the United Kingdom and Hanover ended. Succession to the Hanoverian throne was regulated by semi-Salic law (agnatic-cognatic), which gave priority to all male lines before female lines, and so it passed not to Queen Victoria but to her uncle,
494-476: The House of Welf became extinct. By semi-Salic law , the House of Hanover would have acceded to the Duchy of Brunswick , but there had been strong Prussian pressure against having George V of Hanover or his son, the Duke of Cumberland , succeed to a member state of the German Empire, at least without strong conditions including the swearing to the German constitution. By a law of 1879, the Duchy of Brunswick established
532-571: The Thirty Years' War , the Peace of Westphalia (1648) awarded the Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück alternately to a Catholic bishop and to a cadet branch of Brunswick-Lüneburg. Since the treaty gave cadets priority over heirs and reigning princes, Osnabrück became a form of appanage (in alternation) of the House of Hanover. Osnabrück was mediatized to Hanover in 1803. In 1884, the senior branch of
570-467: The 50-hectare (120-acre) Great Garden ( Großer Garten ). Sophia's husband, Ernest Augustus, Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg , planned the retreats replacement with a large baroque palace, and began construction with the Galerie , but their son, elector George Louis , who in 1714 succeeded to the British throne as King George I, gave up the palace building project and concentrated on adding water features to
608-473: The House of Hanover have been: The family has been resident in Austria since 1866 and thus took on Austrian nationality besides their German and British. Since the later king Ernest Augustus had been created Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale and Earl of Armagh by his father George III in 1799, these British peerages were inherited by his descendants. In 1914 the title of a Prince of Great Britain and Ireland
646-399: The House of Hanover lost the Duchy of Brunswick in 1918 when Germany became a republic and abolished royalty and nobility. The formal name of the house was the House of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Hanover line . The senior line of Brunswick-Lüneburg, which ruled Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel , became extinct in 1884. The House of Hanover is now the only surviving branch of the House of Welf , which is
684-425: The House. Georgian architecture gives distinction to the architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830 in most English-speaking countries . Berggarten The Hill Garden ( German : Berggarten ) is a historic botanical garden , one of the gardens of the Herrenhäuser Gärten , around the residence Herrenhäuser Schloss in Herrenhausen, now part of Hanover , Lower Saxony , Germany. The garden
722-879: The U.S. and Canada named after Queen Charlotte . Furthermore the Canadian province of New Brunswick and towns Hanover, Ontario , Guelph ; Ontario, and Victoria, British Columbia ; in South Africa the town Hanover, Northern Cape , in Australia the state Victoria and the city Adelaide , in the UK six and in the US thirteen towns named Brunswick. Furthermore one each in Australia and New Zealand, and worldwide more than fifty towns named Victoria. There are also numerous streets and squares, such as Hanover Square, Westminster , Hanover Square (Manhattan) , Hanover Square, Syracuse or Queen Street, Brisbane with its intersections named after members of
760-534: The U.S. state of Georgia , U.S. towns Hanover, Massachusetts ; Hanover, New Hampshire ; Hanover, Pennsylvania ; Hanover Township, Jo Daviess County, Illinois , counties Hanover County, Virginia ; Caroline County, Virginia ; Brunswick County, Virginia ; New Hanover County, North Carolina ; Brunswick County, North Carolina ; King George County, Virginia , places named Georgia in New Jersey (e.g. New Brunswick, NJ ), Vermont, Arkansas and South Dakota, seven towns in
798-469: The United Kingdom , were interred, while the graves of Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick and his wife Princess Viktoria Luise of Prussia are in front of the mausoleum. In 2000, a house for exotic plants was completed, called Regenwaldhaus (Rain forest house), on the occasion of Expo 2000 . It housed a tropical landscape containing plants, butterflies and birds, in several themed gardens. In 2007, it
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#1732855671122836-502: The chapel of Leine Palace in Hanover and reinterred in the 19th-century Guelph mausoleum ( Welfenmausoleum ) in the Hill Garden at Herrenhausen. 52°23′28″N 9°41′52″E / 52.39118°N 9.69773°E / 52.39118; 9.69773 House of Hanover The House of Hanover ( German : Haus Hannover German pronunciation: [haʊ̯s haˈnoːfɐ] ) is
874-469: The city of Hanover, with new additions including an aquarium. King George II of Great Britain was born in Herrenhausen Palace in 1683. Three of his daughters were born there: Ernest Augustus, Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg , George II's grandfather, died in Herrenhausen Palace in 1698. After World War II the remains of George I of Great Britain, along with those of his parents, were removed from
912-486: The current head of the house, also called Ernest Augustus , continues to claim. He has the right to petition under the Titles Deprivation Act 1917 for the restoration of his ancestors' suspended British peerages Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale and Earl of Armagh , but he has not done so. His father, another Ernest Augustus , did, however, successfully claim British nationality after World War II by virtue of
950-609: The duke and his family moved back to their exile seat Cumberland Castle at Gmunden , Austria, but in 1924 he received Blankenburg Castle and some other estates in a settlement with the Free State of Brunswick , and moved there in 1930. A few days before Blankenburg was handed over to the Red Army by British and American forces in late 1945, to become part of East Germany , the family quickly moved to Marienburg Castle (Hanover) with all their furniture, transported by British army trucks by
988-505: The dynasty: The Kingdom of Hanover ended in 1866, when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia , and the King of Hanover (and Duke of Cumberland) was forced to go into exile in Austria. The 1866 rift between the houses of Hanover and Hohenzollern was settled by the 1913 marriage of Princess Viktoria Luise of Prussia to Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick , the last king's grandson. At the end of
1026-649: The garden was a ground to experiment with the breeding of plants native to more southern regions. While the growing of rice failed, crops like tobacco and mulberry were successfully grown. The silkworms in Hameln were fed by mulberry leaves from the Berggarten. In 1750, the Küchengarten in Linden (now also part of Hanover) grew produce for the palace, and the Berggarten was turned into a botanical garden . Between 1817 and 1820,
1064-454: The garden. The next elector, George II of Great Britain ( r. 1727–1760 ), planned again for a new palace in better proportion with the Great Garden, but never realized it. His successor George III ( r. 1760–1820 ), who never visited Herrenhausen, had the palace modernised in neoclassical style by Georg Ludwig Friedrich Laves . During World War II , Herrenhausen Palace
1102-502: The last name. So, curiously, the British prince's title is still part of the family's last name in their German passports, while it is no longer mentioned in their British documents. On 29 August 1931, Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick , as head of the House of Hanover, declared the formal resumption, for himself and his dynastic descendants, of use of his former British princely title as a secondary title of pretense , which style, "Royal Prince of Great Britain and Ireland", his grandson,
1140-409: The nearby Prince House ( Fürstenhaus ), a small palace built in 1720 by George I for his daughter Anna Louise. It is now his grandson August of Hanover 's private home. In 2009, the city of Hanover took the decision to rebuild the palace. The Volkswagen Foundation received the plot and sponsored the reconstruction. Following extensive restoration work, the palace was reopened on 18 January 2013 in
1178-464: The order of King George VI . Duke Ernest Augustus died at Marienburg Castle in 1953. His Herrenhausen Palace in Hanover had been completely destroyed during World War II. His eldest son, Prince Ernest Augustus , sold his remaining property at Herrenhausen Gardens in 1961 but kept the nearby Princely House, a small palace built in 1720 by George I for his daughter Anna Louise. It is now his grandson Ernest Augustus 's private home. The later heads of
Herrenhausen Palace - Misplaced Pages Continue
1216-628: The seat of the garden's management. In 1957, further members of the Royal Family of Hanover , including King George I of Great Britain and his parents, were interred in the garden's mausoleum. The remains of John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg , his daughter Anna Sophie (1670–1672), Ernest Augustus, Elector of Brunswick-Luneburg and his wife Sophia of the Palatinate , their younger son Ernest Augustus, Duke of York and Albany and Princess Charlotte of Clarence (1819–1819), daughter of William IV of
1254-690: The senior branch of the House of Este . The current head of the House of Hanover is Ernst August, Prince of Hanover . George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg was the first member of the House of Hanover. When the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg was divided in 1635, George inherited the Principality of Calenberg and moved his residence to Hanover. His son, Christian Louis , inherited the Principality of Lüneburg from George's brother. Calenberg and Lüneburg were then shared between George's sons until united in 1705 under his grandson, also called George, who subsequently became George I of Great Britain . All members held
1292-594: The title of Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg . George Louis became the first British monarch of the House of Hanover as George I in 1714. The dynasty provided six British monarchs: Of the Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland (changed in 1801 to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ): George I, George II, and George III also served as electors and dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg , informally, Electors of Hanover (cf. personal union ). They served as dual monarchs of Britain and Hanover, maintaining control of
1330-504: Was additionally granted to the members of the house by King George V . These peerages and titles however were suspended under the Titles Deprivation Act 1917 . However, the title Royal Prince of Great Britain and Ireland had been entered into the family's German passports, together with the German titles, in 1914. After the German Revolution of 1918–19 , with the abolishment of nobility's privileges, titles officially became parts of
1368-514: Was destroyed in a bombing raid by the Royal Air Force on 18 October 1943. The ruins of the palace were almost completely torn down after the war; the outside staircase once leading up to the entrance was salvaged from the debris and moved next to the Orangerie building where it can be seen today. Ernest Augustus of Hanover sold his remaining property at Herrenhausen Gardens in 1961, but kept
1406-486: Was first created in 1666 as a vegetable garden on a hill north of the palace, and then transformed into a garden for exotic plants. In 1750, it was developed into a botanical garden, with some unusual trees from the period still surviving. It features a palm house, first built in 1846, and a mausoleum , where members of the royal family were interred. Damaged by air raids in World War II , the gardens were restored. In 2000,
1444-482: Was interred there with his wife Queen Frederica . In 1845 and 1846, walls and fences were added to provide seclusion. The palm house was replaced by a larger building in 1880. At 30 metres (98 ft) high, it was the biggest greenhouse at the time. The garden was severely damaged by air raids in World War II. The Palmenhaus had to be demolished in 1950. In 1952, the Garden Library was built which later became
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