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26-681: Herculaneum Dock was part of the Port of Liverpool in Liverpool , England . It was at the south end of the Liverpool dock system, on the River Mersey . To the north it was connected to Harrington Dock . The dock was named after the Herculaneum Pottery Company that had previously occupied the site. From 1767, a tidal basin in the area that would become the dock was used for unloading copper for

52-415: A chain of immense fortresses: Prince's, George's, Salt-House, Clarence, Brunswick, Trafalgar, King's, Queen's, and many more. It is a region, this seven-mile sequence of granite-lipped lagoons, which is invested ... with some conspicuous properties of romance; and yet its romance is never of just that quality one might perhaps expect ... Neither of the land nor of the sea, but possessing both the stability of

78-403: A smelting works. Between 1794 and 1841 it was the site of a pottery. In 1864, a new dock designed by George Fosbery Lyster was blasted from the foreshore, providing two graving docks . This dock opened in 1866. Ten years later, a third graving dock was added. Beginning in 1873, the dock handled petroleum . In 1878, specialist casemates were built to store this and other volatile cargo within

104-401: A succession of granite-rimmed docks, completely inclosed, and many of them communicating, which almost recalled to mind the great American chain of lakes: Ontario, Erie, St. Clair, Huron, Michigan, and Superior. The extent and solidity of these structures, seemed equal to what I had read of the old Pyramids of Egypt... For miles you may walk along that river-side, passing dock after dock, like

130-507: A water feature within the residential estate. The map of 1901 shows the entrance to the dock with the letter 'L'. A restaurant has since been built on this. Port of Liverpool The Port of Liverpool is the enclosed 7.5-mile (12.1 km) dock system that runs from Brunswick Dock in Liverpool to Seaforth Dock , Seaforth , on the east side of the River Mersey and the Birkenhead Docks between Birkenhead and Wallasey on

156-513: Is also home to one of the largest cruise terminals in the UK which handles approximately 200,000 passengers and over 100 cruise ships each year. The port has significant links to North America and the rest of Europe via the Irish Sea and Atlantic Ocean . It is the most significant port in the UK for transatlantic trade . The port's history spans over 800 years and at its peak in the 19th century, it

182-482: Is in Coburg Dock and has 340 berths. Cruise ships once sailed from Langton Dock , part of the enclosed north docks system. Departures and arrivals were subject to tides. Cruise ships returned to Liverpool's Pier Head in 2008, berthing at a newly constructed cruise terminal , enabling departures and arrivals at any time. Until 2012, any cruises beginning in Liverpool still departed from Langton Dock but, since 2012,

208-413: Is the biggest port ... there was something to see from Dingle up to Bootle, and as far again as Birkenhead on the other side. Yellow water, bellowing steam ferries, white trans-atlantic liners, towers, cranes, stevedores, skiffs, shipyards, trains, smoke, chaos, hooting, ringing, hammering, puffing, the ruptured bellies of the ships, the stench of horses, the sweat, urine, and waste from all the continents of

234-667: The North Atlantic Convoys . Herculaneum Dock was formerly served by its own station on the Liverpool Overhead Railway . The station (and railway) closed on 30 December 1956. By 1958 demolition of the station had been completed. In 1972, Herculaneum Dock closed being filled in during the 1980s to create a car park. The area south of the dock contained a tank farm; this was reclaimed for the Liverpool Garden Festival and residential properties. In 2004,

260-569: The RMS ; Titanic . Most of the smaller south end docks were closed in 1971 with Brunswick Dock remaining until closure in 1975. Many docks have been filled in to create land for buildings: at the Pier Head , an arena at Kings Dock , commercial estates at Toxteth and Harrington Docks and housing at Herculaneum Dock . In the north, some branch docks have been filled in to create land. Sandon and Wellington Docks have been filled in and are now

286-461: The sandstone cliffs above. The dock continued in this capacity until the task of oil handling was transferred across the river to Tranmere Oil Terminal and Stanlow Oil Refinery . During 1881 the dock facility was enlarged further and a fourth graving dock was constructed in 1902. Liverpool remained an important port during the Second World War , with Herculaneum Dock acting as a terminus for

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312-481: The Liverpool bank of the River Mersey. From 1830 onwards, most of the building stone was granite from Kirkmabreck near Creetown , Scotland. The interconnected dock system was the most advanced port system in the world. The docks enabled ship movements within the dock system 24 hours a day, isolated from the high River Mersey tides. Parts of the system were a World Heritage Site from 2004 until 2021. From 1885,

338-414: The dock system was the hub of a hydraulic power network that stretched beyond the docks. Both White Star Line and Cunard Line were based at the port. It was also the home port of many great ships, including RMS  Baltic , RMS  Olympic , RMS  Mauretania , RMS  Aquitania and the ill-starred Tayleur , MV  Derbyshire , HMHS  Britannic , RMS  Lusitania , and

364-691: The docks to the south of the Pier Head are operated by the Canal ;& River Trust , the successor to former operator British Waterways . Liverpool's first dock was the world's first enclosed commercial dock, the Old Dock , built in 1715. The Lyver Pool, a tidal inlet in the narrows of the estuary, which is now largely under the Liverpool One shopping centre, was converted into the enclosed dock. Further docks were added and eventually all were interconnected by lock gates, extending 7.5 miles (12.1 km) along

390-494: The docks, using diesel locomotives. The first rail link to the docks was the construction of the 1830 Park Lane railway goods station opposite the Queen's Dock in the south of the city. The terminal was accessed via the 1.26 mi (2.03 km) Wapping Tunnel from Edge Hill rail junction in the east of the city. The station was demolished in 1972. The tunnel is still intact. Until 1971, Liverpool Riverside railway station served

416-530: The liner terminal at the Pier Head. Today, for passengers disembarking from the new cruise terminal , city centre circular buses call at the terminal directly, while Moorfields and James Street are the nearest Merseyrail stations. On the opposite side of the river, the Birkenhead Dock Branch served the docks between 1847 and 1993. This route remains intact, albeit disused. For more than six weeks,

442-428: The location of a sewage works. Most of Hornby Dock was filled in to allow Gladstone Dock 's coal terminal to expand. The largest dock on the dock network, Seaforth Dock , was opened in 1972 and deals with grain and containers, accommodating what were the largest containers ships at that time. In 1972, Canadian Pacific unit CP Ships was the last transatlantic line to operate from Liverpool. Liverpool Freeport Zone

468-500: The one and the constant flux of the other—too immense, too filled with the vastness of the outer, to carry any sense of human handicraft—this strange territory of the Docks seems, indeed, to form a kind of fifth element, a place charged with daemonic issues and daemonic silences, where men move like puzzled slaves, fretting under orders they cannot understand, fumbling with great forces that have long passed out of their control ... ...Liverpool

494-537: The ship Highlander lay in Prince's Dock; and during that time, besides making observations upon things immediately around me, I made sundry excursions to the neighbouring docks, for I never tired of admiring them. Previous to this, having only seen the miserable wooden wharves, and slip-shod, shambling piers of New York, the sight of these mighty docks filled my young mind with wonder and delight... In Liverpool, I beheld long China walls of masonry; vast piers of stone; and

520-421: The site was bought by national property developer David McLean Homes and a riverside residential development, called City Quay, Liverpool was built on the dock. Since the closing of Herculaneum Dock, what was the main dock area now comprises car parks, a fitness club, a Car dealership and residential buildings. Graving docks 1 2 and 3 are now occupied by residential buildings. Graving Dock no.4 has been restored as

546-531: The terminal has been used as the start and end of voyages, and not merely a stop-off point. This led to a dispute with Southampton due to the large public subsidy provided for the new terminal, which Liverpool City Council has agreed to repay. Ships which have called at Liverpool Cruise Terminal include Queen Elizabeth 2 (QE2), Grand Princess , Caribbean Princess and RMS Queen Mary 2 . A number of large Royal Navy vessels, such as HMS  Illustrious and HMS  Ark Royal , have also visited

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572-625: The terminal. At one point the Mersey Docks and Harbour Company freight railway totalled 104 mi (167 km) of rail track, with connections to many other railways. A section of freight rail line ran under the Liverpool Overhead passenger railway , with trains constantly crossing the Dock Road from the docks into the freight terminals. Today, only the Canada Dock branch line is used to serve

598-499: The west side of the river. In 2023, the Port of Liverpool was the UK’s fourth busiest container port, handling around 900,000 TEUs of cargo each year, equivalent to over 30 million tonnes of freight per annum. It handles a wide variety of cargo, including containers, bulk cargoes such as coal, grain and animal feed, and roll-on/roll-off cargoes such as cars, trucks and recycled metals. The port

624-407: The world ... And if I heaped up words for another half an hour, I wouldn't achieve the full number, confusion and expanse which is called Liverpool. ...Old photographs and even the print of Liverpool Docks as seen from the overhead railway would fail to convey the powerful reality of the Port of Liverpool in the 1950s. This was at the time when every berth had a ship alongside, vessels were waiting off

650-730: Was opened in the North Docks 1984, expanding to include some of the Birkenhead Dock system in 1992. The Euro Rail terminal was established at Seaforth Dock in 1994 and the port expanded five years later, including construction of the Liverpool Intermodal Freeport Terminal. In 2004 UNESCO announced Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City . In 2020 Liverpool was the United Kingdom's fourth largest port by tonnage of freight, handling 31.1 million tonnes. Liverpool Marina

676-467: Was the second most important port in the British Empire . In 2016, the port was extended by the building of an in-river container terminal at Seaforth Dock, named Liverpool2 . The terminal can berth two 14,000 container Post-Panamax ships. Garston Docks , which are in the city of Liverpool, are not a part of the Port of Liverpool. The working docks are operated by Mersey Docks and Harbour Company ,

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