A cloudburst is an enormous amount of precipitation in a short period of time, sometimes accompanied by hail and thunder , which is capable of creating flood conditions. Cloudbursts can quickly dump large amounts of water, e.g. 25 mm of the precipitation corresponds to 25,000 metric tons per square kilometre (1 inch corresponds to 72,300 short tons over one square mile). However, cloudbursts are infrequent as they occur only via orographic lift or occasionally when a warm air parcel mixes with cooler air, resulting in sudden condensation . At times, a large amount of runoff from higher elevations is mistakenly conflated with a cloudburst. The term "cloudburst" arose from the notion that clouds were akin to water balloons and could burst, resulting in rapid precipitation. Though this idea has since been disproven, the term remains in use.
32-518: The Heppner Hotel is a building in Heppner , in the U.S. state of Oregon . Designed by architect John V. Bennes and built in 1919, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. When it opened in 1920, the 48-room hostelry was the city's only hotel. A flash flood along Willow Creek destroyed one former hotel in 1903, and fire destroyed the other in 1918. Originally named
64-476: A city manager who is appointed by, and may be removed by, a majority of the entire city council. The appointment of city manager is made without regard to political considerations and solely on the basis of administrative qualifications. The mayor votes as a council member with no appointive powers. As of 2023, Corey Sweeney serves as mayor. Council members include Ralph Klock, Ian Murray, Cody High, Dale Bates, Sharon Inskeep, and Adam Doherty. John Doherty serves as
96-496: A community gathering place through 1972, when its last restaurant closed. In 1940, a major sawmill was built in the town by the Heppner Lumber Company, helping drive the area's economy. The mill was destroyed by fire in 1949, but was rebuilt and sold to Kinzua Lumber Company, which ultimately relocated its headquarters to Heppner. In 1999, the mill closed, dealing a significant blow to Heppner's economy and resulting in
128-452: A few minutes. The results of cloudbursts can be disastrous. Cloudbursts are also responsible for flash flood creation. Rapid precipitation from cumulonimbus clouds is possible due to the Langmuir precipitation process in which large droplets can grow rapidly by coagulating with smaller droplets which fall down slowly. It is not essential that cloudbursts occur only when a cloud clashes with
160-511: A male householder with no wife present, and 33.8% were non-families. 29.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.78. The median age in the city was 45.9 years. 22.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 19.6% were from 25 to 44; 29.8% were from 45 to 64; and 21.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of
192-452: A narrow central bay for the main entrance, and it was flanked by structural bays and bay windows opening on interior commercial space. The architecturally plain hotel had little exterior or interior decoration; however, the rooms on the second and third floors were capacious, and three-fourths of them had private baths. Heppner, Oregon Heppner is a city in, and the county seat of, Morrow County, Oregon , United States. As of 2010,
224-488: A similar challenge in simulating the clouds at a high resolution. The skillful forecasting of rainfall in hilly regions remains challenging due to the uncertainties in the interaction between the moisture convergence and the hilly terrain, the cloud microphysics, and the heating-cooling mechanisms at different atmospheric levels. In the Indian subcontinent , a cloudburst usually occurs when a monsoon cloud drifts northwards, from
256-401: A solid body like a mountain, they can also occur when hot water vapor mingles into the cold resulting in sudden condensation. While satellites are extensively useful in detecting large-scale weather systems and rainfall, the resolution of the precipitation radars of these satellites are usually smaller than the area of cloudbursts, and hence they go undetected. Weather forecast models also face
288-519: A trade center and distribution point for regional farm products including wheat, alfalfa, sheep, cattle, horses, and hogs. Despite the flood and two fires in 1918 that destroyed City Hall, the Palace Hotel , the library, many businesses, and more than 30 homes, the community rebuilt. One of its creations, the Heppner Hotel , opened in 1920 and, housing a variety of businesses over the years, it served as
320-515: Is a cloudburst. However, different definitions are used, e.g. the Swedish weather service SMHI defines the corresponding Swedish term "skyfall" as 1 millimetre (0.039 in) per minute for short bursts and 50 millimetres (2.0 in) per hour for longer rainfalls. The associated convective cloud can extend up to a height of 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) above the ground. During a cloudburst, more than 20 millimetres (0.79 in) of rain may fall in
352-454: Is a municipal corporation with the official name City of Heppner per the 1996 Heppner Charter. The powers of the city are vested in the city council which consists of a mayor and six council members each nominated and elected from the city at large or, in case of one or more vacancies in the council, the council members whose offices are not vacant. The mayor serves two-year terms and the council members serve four-year terms. Heppner also maintains
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#1733104160010384-645: Is upstream of Lexington , Ione , and Arlington . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 1.24 square miles (3.21 km ), of which, 1.23 square miles (3.19 km ) is land and 0.01 square miles (0.03 km ) is water. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Heppner has a warm-summer mediterranean climate , abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps. The hottest temperature recorded in Heppner
416-604: The Bay of Bengal or Arabian Sea across the plains, then onto the Himalayas and bursts, bringing rainfall as high as 75 millimetres per hour. The uplands adjacent to the Front Range of Colorado and the streams which drain the Front Range are subject to occasional cloudbursts and flash floods. This weather pattern is associated with upslope winds bringing moisture northwestward from
448-534: The City Manager. Heppner is part of Oregon State House District 57 which includes Gilliam, Morrow, Sherman, Umatilla, and Wasco counties and of Oregon State Senate District 29 which includes Gilliam, Morrow Sherman, Umatilla, Union, Wallowa, and parts of Wasco counties. As of September 2017, Representative Greg Smith (R) serves Heppner in the Oregon State House and Senator Bill Hansell (R) serves Heppner in
480-525: The Hotel St. Patrick, it was soon renamed the Heppner Hotel. Measuring 62 by 126 feet (19 by 38 m) at ground level, the hotel covers nearly all of the downtown lot on which it rests. As of 1982, it was the largest and tallest commercial structure in the city. The three-story building is made of hollow clay tile and concrete with stucco facades and frameless windows. The west facade of the ground floor had
512-495: The Oregon State Senate. Heppner is part of Oregon's Second Congressional District . As of January 2023, Heppner is represented by U.S. Rep. Cliff Bentz (R). Separately, congressional senators for Oregon include Jeff Merkley (D) and Ron Wyden (D). [REDACTED] Media related to Heppner, Oregon at Wikimedia Commons Cloudburst Rainfall rate equal to or greater than 100 millimetres (3.9 in) per hour
544-590: The U.S. Government and the predominant tribes in the region—the Cayuse, Umatilla, and Walla Walla—signed a treaty whereby the tribes gave up, or ceded, to the United States more than 6.4 million acres in what is now northeastern Oregon and southeastern Washington. Prior to Heppner's founding in 1872, European-American ranchers used the area as sheep and cattle range as early as 1858. Records suggest these early cattlemen found abundant rye grass along creek bottoms. Heppner
576-406: The average family size was 2.88. In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.5% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 24.3% from 25 to 44, 24.9% from 45 to 64, and 20.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.9 males. The median income for a household in the city
608-502: The city was 50.6% male and 49.4% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 1,395 people, 583 households, and 398 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,138.5 inhabitants per square mile (439.6/km ). There were 660 housing units at an average density of 538.7 per square mile (208.0/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 96.70% White, 1.00% Native American, 0.43% Asian, 1.51% from other races, and 0.36% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.58% of
640-418: The city was 92.5% White , 0.2% African American , 1.2% Native American , 0.3% Asian , 2.6% from other races , and 3.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.7% of the population. There were 559 households, of which 26.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.3% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.7% had
672-517: The city's population) drowned, making it the deadliest natural disaster in Oregon's history. Property damage was reported at nearly $ 1 million. The nearby cities of Ione and Lexington also sustained significant damage. In 1983, the Willow Creek Dam at the outskirts of the city was finished. The railroad and a growing network of roads had by the early decades of the 20th century made Heppner
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#1733104160010704-902: The five largest employers in Heppner were Morrow County, the Morrow County Health District, the Morrow County School District, the Heppner Ranger District, and the Bank of Eastern Oregon. Heppner is served by the Morrow School District , which includes Heppner Junior/Senior High School and Heppner Elementary . Heppner is also served by the Heppner Branch of the Oregon Trail Library District, part of Oregon's Sage Library System. Heppner
736-419: The loss of nearly 200 jobs. As of July 1, 2016, the annual estimate of the resident population of Heppner was 1,297. As of the census of 2010, there were 1,291 people, 559 households, and 370 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,049.6 inhabitants per square mile (405.3/km ). There were 647 housing units at an average density of 526.0 per square mile (203.1/km ). The racial makeup of
768-572: The permanent county seat. Heppner was incorporated in the following year on February 9, 1887. In 1888, the Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company completed a railroad spur from the Columbia River up the Willow Creek drainage to Heppner. The Historic Morrow County Courthouse was built in 1902-03 and is one of the oldest continuously used courthouses in Oregon. In 1985, the courthouse
800-711: The population was 1,291. Heppner is part of the Pendleton-Hermiston Micropolitan Area . Heppner is named after Henry Heppner , a prominent Jewish-American businessman. Native Americans lived and traveled along the land between the Columbia Gorge and the Blue Mountains for more than 10,000 years prior to European-American settlement. Ancient petroglyphs have been found approximately 45 miles (72 km.) north of Heppner in Irrigon and Boardman. In 1855,
832-405: The population. There were 583 households, out of which 28.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.6% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.7% were non-families. 28.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and
864-699: The southeast. The city is along Oregon Route 74 , about 60 miles (97 km) southwest of Pendleton and 185 miles (298 km) east of Portland . Route 74 forms part of the Blue Mountain Scenic Byway, a 130-mile (210 km) set of roads connecting Interstate 84 (I-84) along the Columbia River with the North Fork John Day River in the Blue Mountains. Part of the route follows the Willow Creek drainage through Heppner. Heppner
896-478: Was $ 33,421, and the median income for a family was $ 42,500. Males had a median income of $ 37,381 versus $ 20,714 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 16,729. About 11.1% of families and 13.9% of the population were below the poverty line , including 18.9% of those under age 18 and 7.0% of those age 65 or over. Heppner is located between the Columbia River to the north and the Blue Mountains to
928-480: Was 110 °F (43.3 °C) on August 10, 1898, while the coldest temperature recorded was −19 °F (−28.3 °C) on January 10, 1909 and January 12, 1909. Heppner hosts an annual "A Wee Bit O'Ireland" celebration around Saint Patrick's Day . The city also hosts the annual Blue Mountain Century Bikeway , a scenic bicycle ride loop of approximately 108 miles starting and ending in Heppner. As of 2002,
960-510: Was later elected to the Oregon legislative assembly and was instrumental in helping to carve out a new county for Heppner from neighboring Umatilla County and a portion of Wasco County . The assembly named the new county in Morrow's honor. Heppner was designated the temporary county seat at the time the county was created and narrowly defeated nearby Lexington in an election held in 1886 to determine
992-485: Was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Heppner was almost destroyed by a flash flood on Sunday, June 14, 1903. The flood was precipitated by a sudden cloudburst and accompanying hail that caused a debris dam collapse and flash flooding, notably on Willow Creek. A wall of water and debris swept down the creeks and canyons and through the city. It has been estimated that 238 people (a quarter of
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1024-497: Was originally called Standsbury Flats for George W. Standsbury, one of the first European-American settlers in the area. In 1872, Colonel (Col.) Jackson Lee Morrow , a merchant, entered into a partnership with Henry Heppner , a prominent Jewish businessman, and they built a store on the crossing of the present May and Main streets. Soon thereafter, a mail and stagecoach line began operations between Pendleton and The Dalles and passed through Heppner. Col. Jackson Lee Morrow
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