80-1258: Henry Stuart may refer to: Members of the Royal House of Stuart [ edit ] Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley (1545–1567), King Consort of Scotland, cousin and second husband of Mary, Queen of Scots, father of James VI of Scotland Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales (1594–1612), elder brother of Charles I of England and Prince of Wales from 1603 to 1612 Henry Benedict Stuart (1725–1807), known as Cardinal Duke of York and King Henry IX, younger brother of Bonnie Prince Charlie Henry Stuart, Duke of Gloucester (1640–1660), Protestant younger brother of Charles II and James II of England Others [ edit ] Henry Stuart (MP) (1804–1854), English MP for Bedford Henry Stuart (priest) (1864–1933), Anglican Dean of Carlisle Henry Carter Stuart (1855–1933), early twentieth century governor of Virginia Henry Stuart (actor) (1885–1942), British-Swiss film actor Henry Stuart (Australian politician) (1853–1910), New South Wales politician See also [ edit ] Henry Stewart (disambiguation) All pages with titles containing Henry Stuart [REDACTED] Topics referred to by
160-500: A galliard with Mary at night. He was constantly in Mary's company from then on. Darnley was his wife's half-first cousin through two different marriages of their grandmother, Margaret Tudor , putting Mary and Darnley high in the line of succession for the English throne. Darnley was also a descendant of a daughter of James II of Scotland , and so also in line for the throne of Scotland. As
240-478: A charge of communicating with her brothers, and when she failed to appear, her estates were forfeited. In 1537, she was tried for conspiring against the king's life. She was found guilty and burnt on the Castle Hill, Edinburgh on 17 July 1537. Her innocence has been generally assumed, but the historian Patrick Fraser Tytler considered her guilty. In 1540, James Hamilton of Finnart was executed for conspiring with
320-498: A condition of a truce between England and Scotland, and in May 1529, he sought refuge with his brother-in-law, Henry VIII in England. He obtained a pension and took an oath of allegiance, with Henry's promise to make his restoration a condition of peace. Angus had been largely guided in his intrigues with England by his brother, Sir George Douglas of Pittendreich , Master of Angus, (died 1552),
400-466: A far more clever diplomat than himself. George's life and lands were also declared forfeit, as were those of his uncle, Archibald Douglas of Kilspindie (died 1535), known by the nickname of Greysteil , who had been a friend of King James. These men fled into exile. James avenged himself on such Douglases remaining in Scotland as he could. Angus's third sister Janet, Lady Glamis , was summoned to answer
480-577: A female she had to prove herself. As she was a Protestant, many Roman Catholics would have liked to see the Catholic Mary, Queen of Scots, take the throne. They regarded Elizabeth as illegitimate, her parents' marriage not having been recognised by the Catholic Church. As a male descended from Henry VII, Darnley was also a contender for the English throne—these interrelationships made for complex intrigues, spying, strategising, and manoeuvering for power at
560-412: A preliminary to the marriage, Darnley was made a knight , Lord of Ardmanoch and Earl of Ross at Stirling Castle on 15 May 1565. An entourage of 15 men were made knights, including one of Mary's half brothers, Robert Stewart of Strathdon , Robert Drummond of Carnock , James Stewart of Doune Castle , and William Murray of Tullibardine . In England, a concerned Privy council debated the perils of
640-564: A struggle between Angus and the regent Arran broke out, and in April 1544 Angus was captured and imprisoned in Blackness Castle . The same year Lord Hertford 's marauding expedition , which did not spare the lands of Angus, made him join the anti-English party. Angus was released from ward when Hertford's army landed at Granton near Edinburgh. Angus made a bond with Arran and others to maintain their allegiance to Mary, and gave his support to
720-500: A token of friendship, Charles IX of France sent an ambassador, Nicolas d'Angennes , seigneur de Rambouillet , to invest Darnley in the Order of Saint Michael in February 1566. Mary, Darnley, and her private secretary David Rizzio , took part in a costly masque with seven other dancers in rich attire to welcome Rambouillet and celebrate Darnley's investiture. His costume for the ceremony in
800-524: A turn towards Catholicism. The rebellion, known as the Chaseabout Raid , was soon defeated by the royal forces, and Moray was forced to escape to England, where he sought Elizabeth's asylum. Soon after Mary married Darnley, she became aware of his vain, arrogant, and unreliable qualities, which threatened the state's well-being. Darnley was unpopular with the other nobles and had a violent streak, aggravated by his drinking. Mary refused to grant Darnley
880-632: A useful complication in the succession issue. First, it presented a public statement that the preferences of Parliament (the claim of Catherine Grey in the succession crisis) could not dictate her own policy. Secondly, favouring the Lennoxes could serve as some kind of appeasement of the English Roman Catholics, who, like the Spanish ambassador, might foresee Elizabeth naming Darnley as her successor ... Such speculation would also distract them from favouring
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#1732856078597960-472: Is captured somewhat in a letter of March 1554 to Mary I of England from Temple Newsam, where he writes about making a map, the Utopia Nova , and his wish that "every haire in my heade for to be a wourthy souldiour". In Scotland, he was delighted with an English Water Spaniel , a gift from the courtier James Melville of Halhill . There was a political dilemma in England arising from the dynastic ambition of
1040-443: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley (1546 – 10 February 1567) was King of Scotland as the second husband of Mary, Queen of Scots , from 29 July 1565 until his murder in 1567. Lord Darnley had one child with Mary, the future James VI of Scotland and I of England . Through his parents, he had claims to both
1120-470: The Archbishop of St Andrews , whom she referred to as "a pocky priest", spit in the child's mouth, as was then the custom. In the entertainment, devised by Frenchman Bastian Pagez , men danced dressed as satyrs and sporting tails; the English guests took offence, thinking the satyrs "done against them". The French ambassador described how Darnley was lodged in the castle but stayed in his rooms, and sensing he
1200-582: The Clan Blackadder , was one of the first non-participants to happen upon the scene and, for that reason, was treated as a suspect. He was convicted and executed by being hanged, drawn and quartered before each of his limbs was nailed to the gates of a different Scottish town. Bothwell was put on trial in Edinburgh and found not guilty. Suspicions that Mary colluded with conspirators in her husband's death or that she took no action to prevent his death led to
1280-646: The Crown Matrimonial , which would have made him the successor to the throne if she died childless. By August 1565, less than a month after the marriage, William Cecil heard that Darnley's insolence had driven Lennox from the Scottish court. On 28 August 1565, a pair of diplomatic letters were sent from the Scottish court to the King of Denmark , one signed by Mary, the other by Darnley. This seems to have been an effort to confirm his royal status. Mary soon became pregnant. As
1360-528: The Earl of Arran , and that the countess had many friends in the north. Although the Lennox threat never died out, Elizabeth did not convict the family of treason in 1562 after their arrest, nor did she encourage efforts to annul the countess's claim to her throne. Perhaps Elizabeth feared that these investigations could also be directed at herself, or her inaction was intended to ensure the monarchy's survival by not reducing
1440-439: The Earl of Bothwell . After her death, and that of his father, in 1513, on 6 August 1514 the new Earl of Angus married the dowager queen and regent , Margaret Tudor , widow of James IV , mother of two-year-old James V , and elder sister of Henry VIII of England . The marriage stirred up the jealousy of the nobles and the opposition of the faction supporting French influence in Scotland. Civil war broke out, and Margaret lost
1520-645: The Ettrick Forest in August 1566. Darnley alienated many who would otherwise have been his supporters through his erratic behavior. His insistence that he be awarded the Crown Matrimonial was still a source of marital frustration. Their son was baptised Charles James on 17 December 1566 in a Catholic ceremony held at Stirling Castle . His godparents were Charles IX of France , Elizabeth I of England and Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy . Mary refused to let
1600-568: The Nith . Meanwhile, his stores at Dumfries were robbed and spoiled, and he was driven back to Annan and back to Carlisle. Angus escaped his English would-be captors again after the capture of Dalkeith Palace by Grey of Wilton in June 1548. He sailed from Tantallon Castle to Edinburgh, while George Douglas of Pittendreich escaped by a secret way with only a single companion. Under the regency of queen Mary of Guise his restless and ambitious character and
1680-540: The Scottish and English thrones . Less than a year after the birth of his son, Darnley was murdered at Kirk o' Field in 1567. Many contemporary narratives describing his life and death refer to him as simply Lord Darnley , his title as heir apparent to the Earldom of Lennox . He was the second but eldest surviving son of Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox , by his wife Lady Margaret Douglas , which supported his claim to
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#17328560785971760-645: The Solway . A new clause addressed the issue of border people robbing trees and timber from across the marches. It was hoped that during the three years Scottish commissioners would come to London to negotiate a new treaty of Perpetual Peace . Henry VIII signed on 17 August. In July 1526 the guardianship of the King James V was entrusted to him for a fixed period till 1 November, but he refused at its close to retire, and advancing to Linlithgow put to flight Margaret and his opponents. He now with his followers engrossed all
1840-585: The banns of marriage were called in the parish of Canongate. A proclamation was made at the Cross of Edinburgh on 28 July 1565 that government would be in the joint names of the king and queen of Scots, thus making Darnley king and giving him equality with and precedence over Mary. This was confirmed in the circulation of a silver ryal in the names of Henry and Mary. On 29 July 1565, the marriage took place by Roman Catholic rites in Mary's private chapel at Holyrood , but Darnley (whose religious beliefs were unfixed – he
1920-568: The 'well founded' fear that Catholics would raise Darnley to the throne on Elizabeth's death. Francis Yaxley was a Catholic spy discovered in 1562 whose activities led to the arrest of the Lennox family. He had been a Clerk of the Signet and from 1549 was employed by William Cecil travelling in France. Yaxley was employed by the Countess of Lennox. He placed Mabel Fortescue and other ladies as servants in
2000-567: The Darnley marriage as yet unforeseen." In September 1564, the Scottish Parliament restored Matthew Stewart's rights and titles as Earl of Lennox, and listened to a lengthy speech from the Queen's secretary William Maitland , who offered; "[I]t may be affirmid Scotland in na manis age that presentlie levis wes in gritter tranquillitie." On 3 February 1565, Darnley left London; by 12 February, he
2080-522: The Douglases to assassinate James in 1528. Angus remained in England until 1542, joining in the attacks upon his countrymen on the border, while James refused all demands from Henry VIII for his restoration, and kept firm to his policy of suppressing the Douglas faction. However, despite his remaining in England and the fact that he was her father, Henry VIII kept guardianship of Douglas's daughter, Margaret, who
2160-512: The English in the War of the Rough Wooing , in opposing Mary of Guise and Regent Arran . The family's Scottish estates were forfeited and his father went into exile in England for 22 years, returning to Scotland in 1564. The Countess of Lennox Margaret Douglas , his mother, had left Scotland in 1528. The Scottish scholar John Elder was among his tutors. Elder advocated Anglo-Scottish union through
2240-480: The English succession. Darnley's maternal grandparents were Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus , and Queen Margaret Tudor , daughter of King Henry VII of England and widow of King James IV of Scotland . Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley was born at Temple Newsam , Leeds , in the West Riding of Yorkshire , England, in 1546. Henry was initially believed to be born on 5 December 1545, but more recent research suggests he
2320-651: The Lennox household at Settrington in November 1560. His interrogation at the Tower of London in February 1562 revealed that he had obtained intelligence about the English Court from the Spanish ambassador, and the ambassador had entrusted him and Hugh Allen with messages and tokens for the Lennoxes and Darnley. Yaxley admitted that his missions were intended to arrange the marriage of the Queen of Scots with Darnley, that Darnley's religion guaranteed him greater success in his suit than
2400-467: The Lennoxes: Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox, was third in line to the Scottish throne, and his wife Margaret Douglas , Countess of Lennox, was a niece of Henry VIII, making her a potential successor to the English throne if Elizabeth should die. As Roman Catholics , they posed a threat to English Protestants . Although Elizabeth was bright, witty, and well-educated for her position, as
2480-468: The Queen of Scots via her ambassador, over the heads of Elizabeth and the Guise . The mission of Lennox's agent, one Nesbit, appears to have been a desperate one; not only was Lennox willing to hand over Darnley and his brother Charles as hostages for his restoration, but he supplied pedigrees of Darnley, indicating his right to the inheritance of England and Scotland and the houses of Hamilton and Douglas. Aubigny
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2560-542: The Royal College of Surgeons' one was a good match. A historical facial reconstruction was then produced. Darnley's sexuality has been subject to debate. While at the Court of Elizabeth I, he was described as "a great cock chick", and Thomas Randolph (Elizabeth I's ambassador to Scotland) in a later despatch wrote that Darnley and Rizzio "would lie sometimes in one bed together". A sexual relationship between Darnley and Rizzio
2640-527: The Tower until she was freed shortly after her son's murder. The marriage between Mary and the son of Scotland's premier Catholic nobleman alarmed the Protestant nobility, precipitating the Queen's half-brother, James Stewart, Earl of Moray , along with the earls of Argyll , Glencairn , and Rothes to take up arms against the Queen. Protestant noblemen were worried that the marriage would mean Scotland would take
2720-522: The act cancelling the marriage and peace treaty, and on 10 September 1547 commanded the van in the great defeat of Scotland at Pinkie , when he again won fame. Early in October 1547, Angus tried to recapture the island of Inchcolm from the English with five ships. However, he kept up a secret correspondence with Andrew Dudley , the English commander at Broughty Castle , and wrote that he had made excuses to Regent Arran and prevented his retainers from joining
2800-432: The birth of his illegitimate daughter. Margaret avenged his neglect by refusing to support his claims for power and by secretly trying through Albany to get a divorce. In Edinburgh , Angus held his own against the attempts of the Earl of Arran , to dislodge him. But the return of Albany in 1521, with whom Margaret now sided against her husband, deprived him of power. The regent took the government into his own hands, Angus
2880-423: The chapel of Holyroodhouse, of satin guarded with black velvet and satin, sewn with aglets of gold, was given to a French herald as a perquisite. David Rizzio was stabbed 56 times on 9 March 1566 by Darnley and his confederates, Protestant Scottish nobles, in the presence of the queen, who was six months pregnant. According to English diplomats Thomas Randolph and the Earl of Bedford , the murder of Rizzio (who
2960-416: The end of the month she and her lover, Henry Stewart , were besieged at Stirling. A few weeks later, however, James escaped from Angus's custody, took refuge with Margaret and Arran at Stirling, and immediately took revenge by proscribing Angus and all the Douglases, forbidding them to come within seven miles of his person. This did not include his half-sister, Margaret, who James, even at sixteen, could see
3040-451: The exiled heretics, and seized the kingdom." However, on 20 March, Darnley posted a declaration denying all knowledge of or complicity in the Rizzio murder. Mary no longer trusted her husband, and he was disgraced by the kingdom. On 27 March, the Earl of Morton and Lord Ruthven , who were both present at Rizzio's murder and had fled to England, wrote to Cecil claiming that Darnley had initiated
3120-500: The first monarch of the reigning House of Tudor , and the English Catholics considered Mary to be the rightful heir to the throne, rather than Elizabeth who was Protestant. Furthermore, the son they both had would be a clear claimant to the throne. In retaliation for Henry's marriage, Elizabeth ordered the imprisonment of her first cousin and Darnley's mother, Lady Margaret, in the Tower of London . Margaret remained imprisoned in
3200-471: The intended marriage on 4 June. One of their resolutions was to relax the displeasure shown to Lady Catherine Grey , another rival to Mary Stuart for the English throne. Mary sent John Hay, Commendator of Balmerino, to speak to Elizabeth; Elizabeth demanded Darnley's return and gave John Hay plainly to understand her small satisfaction. On 22 July, Darnley was made Duke of Albany in Holyrood Abbey , and
3280-473: The killing. The letters were purportedly found by James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton , in Edinburgh, in a silver box engraved with an "F" (for Francis II), along with other documents, including the Mary-Bothwell marriage certificate. Before Morton's execution in 1581, he admitted knowing the murder plot, and that Bothwell and Archibald Douglas were "chief actors" in Darnley's murder. Mary fled to England but
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3360-449: The loss of her supporters and the loss of the Scottish crown. Bothwell escaped to Shetland and Norway. Her enemies captured Mary at the battle of Carberry Hill . In 1568, Mary's involvement in the murder was discussed in England in conferences at York and Westminster, which ended with no definitive findings. The Casket letters were produced as evidence against her, alleged to have been written by Mary; they seemed to indicate her support for
3440-430: The marriage between Mary and Darnley. The marriage union between Mary and Darnley provoked the wrath of Elizabeth because the Queen considered that Darnley, who, despite being Scottish, was born and raised in England and, therefore, was her subject, had married without her permission. The marriage also posed a serious threat to Elizabeth: both Darnley and Mary had claims to the English throne as descendants of Henry VII ,
3520-518: The marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots , and Prince Edward . His advice to Henry VIII in 1543, was termed the Advice of a Redshank . Another schoolmaster to the young heir was Arthur Lallart, who would later be interrogated in London for having gone to Scotland in 1562. Henry was considered strong, athletic, skilled in horsemanship and weaponry, and passionate about hunting and hawking. His youthful character
3600-535: The mission sent to France to offer the latter's hand to the Dauphin . In July 1544 he was appointed lieutenant of the south of Scotland, and distinguished himself on 27 February 1545 in the victory over the English at Ancrum Moor . Following this victory, Angus was invested with the insignia of a Knight of the Order of St Michael by Francis II of France . He still corresponded with Henry VIII, but nevertheless signed in 1546
3680-471: The more alarming claim of the Queen of Scots ... Thirdly, and most significantly, the elevation of the Lennoxes presented an obstacle between the Queen of Scots and the English throne. Thus was Darnley's uniquely 'British' inheritance put to use at last ... The subsequent release of Darnley into Scotland and the restoration of his father at the Scottish Court were part of this policy: the political disaster of
3760-406: The murder plot and recruited them, because of his "heich quarrel" and "deadly hatred" of Rizzio. Mary and Darnley's son James (the future King James VI of Scotland and I of England) was born on 19 June 1566 at Edinburgh Castle. Following the birth of James, the succession was more secure, but Darnley and Mary's marriage continued to struggle, despite a hunting trip together to Cramalt Tower in
3840-487: The night of 9/10 February 1567, while Mary was away, two explosions rocked the foundation of Kirk o' Field. These explosions were later attributed to two barrels of gunpowder that had been placed in the small room under Darnley's sleeping quarters. Darnley's body and the body of his valet, William Taylor, were found outside, surrounded by a cloak, a dagger, a chair, and a coat. Darnley was dressed only in his nightshirt, suggesting he had hurriedly fled from his bedchamber. Darnley
3920-420: The nobility and seemingly with royal approval. Mary had been looking at options for removing Darnley and had discussed ideas at Craigmillar Castle in November 1566, though her ideas were for divorce. The problem was the risk of making her son illegitimate. Soon after Darnley's death, Bothwell and Mary left Edinburgh together. There are two points of view about the circumstances: in the first, Bothwell kidnapped
4000-531: The number of his retainers gave cause for frequent alarms to the government. On 31 August 1547 he resigned his earldom, obtaining a re-grant, sibi et suis haeredibus masculis et suis assignatis quibuscumque ("to him and his male heirs and their assignees"). His career was a long struggle for power and for the interests of his family, to which national considerations were completely subordinate. He died in January 1557 at Tantallon Castle, Scotland, from erysipelas . He
4080-406: The number of potential heirs. The Lennox family was released in February 1563. Within a few months, Darnley and his mother were conspicuous by their presence at Court and the favour they received there, although Elizabeth would not accommodate the earl at Court. Sarah Macauley notes three outcomes of the court's decision in the Lennox trial: "Their elevation at Court was, as it turned out in 1563,
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#17328560785974160-460: The power, succeeded in gaining over some of his antagonists, including Arran and the Hamiltons , and filled the public offices with Douglases , he himself becoming Chancellor . According to the chronicle of Robert Lindsay of Pitscottie , "None that time durst strive against a Douglas nor Douglas's man". The young king James V , now fourteen, was far from content under the tutelage of Angus, but he
4240-469: The queen, took her to Dunbar Castle , and raped her. In the second, Mary was a willing participant in the kidnapping, and the story of rape was a fabrication, so her honour and reputation were not ruined by her marriage to a man widely suspected of murder. Mary later miscarried twins by Bothwell while a prisoner at Lochleven Castle . A soldier under the pay of Bothwell, Captain William Blackadder of
4320-506: The regency to John Stewart, Duke of Albany . Angus withdrew to his estates in Forfarshire , while Albany besieged the queen at Stirling and got possession of the royal children; then he joined Margaret after her flight at Morpeth , and on her departure for London, returned and made his peace with Albany in 1516. He met her once more at Berwick in June 1517, when Margaret returned to Scotland on Albany's departure in vain hopes of regaining
4400-536: The regency. Meanwhile, during Margaret's absence, Angus had become involved with a daughter of the Laird of Traquair . Angus had a daughter named Lady Janet Douglas with Lady Jane of Traquair and seized some property belonging to his then wife, Margaret Tudor, an estate at Newark and proceeded to live in it openly with his wife and illegitimate child. Margaret, however, was more annoyed with Douglas over his seizure and usage of her dower income as dowager queen of Scotland than
4480-405: The same term This disambiguation page lists articles about people with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_Stuart&oldid=687352123 " Category : Human name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
4560-459: The siege of Broughty. In February 1548 an attempt to capture him and punish him for his duplicity failed. His son-in-law, the Earl of Lennox , and the English border warden Thomas Wharton marched from Dumfries to intercept Angus at Drumlanrig Castle . Angus surprised and cut off a part of the force led by Wharton's son Henry while they were burning Durisdeer . Wharton claimed that when his forces were reunited they killed 500 men, some drowned in
4640-461: The treaty. The terms of the treaty included abstinence from war, safe-conducts for legitimate travellers, redress for cross-border robbery and rendition of criminals. Trade by sea was assured according to the previous treaty made by Edward IV and James III in 1464. Among the provisions was the traditional clause, that neither side should dismantle or rebuild the fishgarth , where the River Esk meets
4720-650: The various courts. When Henry II of France died in July 1559, Lennox's brother John, 5th Sieur d'Aubigny , was elevated in the French court as a relative of the new French queen, Mary, already Queen of Scots. Aubigny arranged for Darnley to be dispatched to the French court to congratulate Mary and Francis II of France on Francis's accession and seek restoration for Lennox. Mary did not restore Lennox to his Scottish earldom. Still, she did give 1,000 crowns to Darnley and invited him to her coronation. Lennox planned to appeal directly to
4800-545: The vault was opened by mobs, and sometime later (between 1776 and 1778), the vault was raided, and the skull of Lord Darnley was stolen. In 1928, a paper was published by Karl Pearson , detailing his vast research into the skull of Lord Darnley. In his paper, Pearson discussed the possibility of Darnley's skull residing in the Royal College of Surgeons ’ museum. In 2016, at the request of the University of Edinburgh , research
4880-511: Was a Scottish nobleman active during the reigns of James V and Mary, Queen of Scots . He was the son of George, Master of Angus , who was killed at the Battle of Flodden , and succeeded as Earl of Angus on the death of his grandfather, Archibald . Through his daughter, Margaret , he was the grandfather of Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley and therefore the great-grandfather of James VI and I . In 1509, Douglas married Margaret Hepburn, daughter of
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#17328560785974960-511: Was also later accused of supporting Mary's title to the throne of England and hinting that even his nephew had a stronger claim than Elizabeth. Lennox set Nesbit to watch Mary, Darnley, and Darnley's tutor, John Elder. In 1559 Nicholas Throckmorton , the English ambassador in Paris, warned Elizabeth that Elder was "as dangerous for the matters of England as any he knew." Lord Paget in March 1560, wrote of
5040-517: Was appointed Lord Warden of the Marches in 1526, and suppressed the disorder and anarchy on the border. He had contracted a treaty for three years of peace with England on 10 October 1525 at Berwick upon Tweed , but was unable to return to Berwick to exchange papers as arranged on 13 January 1526 because he had to deal with his political opponents at Linlithgow . Instead, he sent a delegation of commissioners including Adam Otterburn to Berwick to conclude
5120-424: Was born in 1546, as his mother had given birth in late February 1545. In a letter from March 1566, his age was given as nineteen. As a great-great-great-grandson of James II of Scotland and great-grandson of Henry VII of England , Darnley had potential claims to both the Scottish and English thrones. In 1545, his father, Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox , was found guilty of treason in Scotland for siding with
5200-447: Was buried at Abernethy , Perthshire, Scotland. By Margaret Tudor he had Margaret , his only surviving legitimate child, who married Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox , and was the mother of Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley who was the second husband of Mary, Queen of Scots . Angus outlived his illegitimate daughter Janet Douglas who died around 1552. Janet had married Patrick Ruthven, 3rd Lord Ruthven and produced several children and
5280-458: Was charged with high treason in December and in March 1522 was sent practically a prisoner to France , whence he succeeded in escaping to London in 1524. He returned to Scotland in November with promises of support from Henry VIII , with whom he made a close alliance. Margaret, however, refused to have anything to do with her husband. On the 23rd, therefore, Angus forced his way into Edinburgh, but
5360-467: Was closely guarded, and several attempts to free him were foiled. Angus defeated John Stewart, 3rd Earl of Lennox , who had advanced towards Edinburgh with 10,000 men in August at the Battle of Linlithgow Bridge , and he subsequently took Stirling . After his military successes, he reconciled with Beaton, and in 1527 and 1528 was busy in restoring order through the country. On 11 March 1528, Margaret succeeded in obtaining her divorce from Angus, and about
5440-505: Was depicted in both the 1971 film Mary, Queen of Scots and the 2018 film, Mary Queen of Scots . Darnley was the author of 'Darnley's Ballet', 'Gife langour makis men licht', and potentially 'Quhair luve is kendlit confortless' [attribution uncertain] printed in the Bannatyne Manuscript (1570 ca.). Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus (c. 1489 – 22 January 1557)
5520-500: Was described as having deformed pocks upon his face and body. He stayed with his family in Glasgow until Mary brought him to recuperate at Old Provost's lodging at Kirk o' Field, a two-storey house within the church quadrangle, a short walk from Holyrood, to incorporate him into the court again. Darnley stayed at Kirk o' Field while Mary attended the wedding of Bastian Pagez , one of her closest servants, at Holyrood. Around 2:00 a.m. on
5600-523: Was fired upon by Margaret and retreated to Tantallon Castle . He now organized a large party of nobles against Margaret with the support of Henry VIII, and, in February 1525, they entered Edinburgh and called a parliament. Angus was made a Lord of the Articles , was included in the Council of regency , bore the king's crown on the opening of the session, and with Archbishop Beaton held the chief power. Angus
5680-529: Was in Edinburgh . On 17 February, he presented himself to Mary at Wemyss Castle in Fife . James Melville of Halhill reported that "Her Majesty took well with him, and said that he was the lustiest and best proportioned long man that she had seen." After a brief visit to his father at Dunkeld , Darnley returned with Mary and the court to Holyrood on 24 February. The next day, he heard John Knox preach, and he danced
5760-408: Was innocent and was allowed to be with them - though, as she was in England, the twosome would never actually meet. Angus, having fortified Tantallon , was attainted and his lands confiscated. Repeated attempts by James to subdue the fortress by siege failed, and on one occasion Angus's men captured the royal artillery. Angus based himself at Coldingham Priory . At length, Tantallon was given up as
5840-511: Was kept in captivity there until she was implicated in the Babington plot against Elizabeth, after which she was convicted of treason and executed. Darnley was buried in the Royal Vault at Holyrood Abbey in 1567 alongside the bodies of several royals: King James II , Arthur, Duke of Rothesay , Madeleine of Valois , James, Duke of Rothesay , Arthur, Duke of Albany and King James V . In 1668,
5920-466: Was murdered either way. Suspicion quickly fell on James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell , and his supporters, notably Archibald Douglas, Parson of Douglas , whose shoes were found at the scene, and on Mary herself. Bothwell had long been suspected of having designs on the throne, and his close relationship with the queen gave rise to rumours they were sexually intimate. This was viewed as a motive for Bothwell to have Darnley murdered, with help from some of
6000-415: Was out of favour, the ambassador refused to meet with him. Darnley was murdered eight months after James's birth. On the night of 9/10 February 1567, his body and that of his valet were discovered in the orchard of Kirk o' Field , in Edinburgh, where they had been staying. During the weeks leading up to his death, Darnley was recovering from a bout of smallpox (or, it has been speculated, syphilis ). He
6080-454: Was raised as a Catholic, but was later influenced by Protestantism) refused to accompany Mary to the nuptial Mass after the wedding. Because they were both first cousins, a papal dispensation was needed for the marriage, which was initially celebrated without the dispensation because the Holy See delayed issuing it. It was not until 25 September that Rome issued the dispensation, thus validating
6160-487: Was raised in the royal household. On James V's death in 1542, Angus returned to Scotland, with instructions from Henry to negotiate a marriage between Mary, Queen of Scots , and Edward VI . His forfeiture was rescinded, his estates restored and he was made a privy councillor and lieutenant-general . In 1543, he successfully negotiated a peace treaty and the marriage, and the same year he married Margaret, daughter of Robert Maxwell, 5th Lord Maxwell . Shortly afterwards,
6240-524: Was rumoured to be the father of Mary's unborn child) was part of Darnley's bid to force Mary to cede the Crown Matrimonial. Darnley also bargained with his allies to advance his claim to the Crown Matrimonial in the Parliament of Scotland in return for restoring their lands and titles. When the Spanish Ambassador in Paris heard this news, the headlines were that Darnley "had murdered his wife, admitted
6320-399: Was smothered. There were no visible marks of strangulation or violence on the body. A post-mortem revealed internal injuries thought to have been caused by the explosion. John Knox claimed that the surgeons who examined the body were lying and that Darnley had been strangled, but all the sources agreed there were no marks on the body and there was no reason for the surgeons to lie as Darnley
6400-486: Was undertaken to identify whether a skull once held in the university's collection (until destroyed in the Blitz ) could be Darnley's stolen remains. The Royal College of Surgeons' skull and detailed pictures and measurements from 1928 of the destroyed Edinburgh skull were examined and compared to portraits of Darnley by Emma Price at the University of Dundee . The conclusion was that the Edinburgh skull could not be Darnley's, but
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