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44-580: Hengst may refer to: Hengst AOC , a wine region in Alsace , France Hengst (surname) Hengst Automotive Hengst, the highest mountain summit in Schrattenfluh , part of the Swiss Alps See also [ edit ] Hengist (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

88-518: A cholera epidemic killed many in the city. With the rest of Alsace, Colmar was annexed by the newly formed German Empire in 1871 as a result of the Franco-Prussian War and incorporated into the Alsace-Lorraine province. It returned to France after World War I according to the 1919 Treaty of Versailles , was annexed by Nazi Germany in 1940, and then reverted to French control after

132-509: A part-time supplementary Japanese school , is held in Colmar. At one time classes were held at the Centre Cultural de Seijo . Since 1980, Colmar is home to an international summer festival of classical music Festival de Colmar (also known as Festival international de musique classique de Colmar ). In its first version (1980 to 1989), it was placed under the artistic direction of

176-474: A fragile grape variety that ripens quite early. It is the result of a mutation of Pinot Noir and is therefore of Burgundian origin, where it is called "Pinot Beurot". It gives better results on soils composed of limestone gravel provided they are well drained thanks to hillside exposure. Riesling is not widely grown in Hengst. It is a grape variety with late budburst and ripening, requiring hillsides well exposed to

220-445: A higher minimum average natural alcoholic strength and sugar content than those mentioned above, as well as a maximum chaptalization amount lower than the rate mentioned above. Late harvests refer to wines made from grapes whose harvest has been delayed so as to harvest them overripe, resulting in wines rich in sugar and alcohol, with a more powerful taste. According to law, the must must have at least 243 grams of sugar per liter if it

264-465: A university, nor of a college, and has its explanation in the dissolution of local monasteries , abbeys and convents during the French Revolution and the subsequent gift of their collections to the town. The small regional Colmar Airport serves Colmar. The railway station Gare de Colmar offers connections to Strasbourg, Mulhouse, Besançon, Zürich and several regional destinations. Colmar

308-646: Is twinned with: Bukit Tinggi Resort Colmar Tropicale which is situated in Bentong district, State of Pahang , Malaysia is a resort-theme historical village inspires from the original Colmar commune in France. Colmar Tropicale located 60 km north-east of Kuala Lumpur . North of it, a rebuild of Château du Haut-Kœnigsbourg is in the Berjaya Hills, hosting an organic resort hotel. Colmar's cityscape (and that of neighbouring Riquewihr ) served as inspiration for

352-476: Is 193 grams per litre of must for the Pinot Gris and Gewurztraminer grape varieties, and 168 grams per litre of must for the other grape varieties. When authorisation for chaptalization is granted, the increase in the minimum average natural alcoholic strength by volume may not exceed 1.5%. On the advice of the union of producers of the vintage, the regional committee of experts of Alsace wines can annually propose

396-445: Is Gewurztraminer or Pinot Gris (i.e. 14.4% potential alcohol), or at least 220 grams of sugar per liter if it is Riesling or Muscat (i.e. 13.1% of potential alcohol); no chaptalization is allowed. As for grains nobles , this is a wine made from grapes harvested by successive selective sorting of the grains affected by noble rot (the fungus Botrytis cinerea ), which gives even more concentrated, sweeter, liqueur-like wines . According to

440-643: Is a pink grape variety with orange or purple berries. This close relative of Savagnin and Savagnin Rose (called Klevener de Heiligenstein in Alsace) is rather vigorous, produces large yields and gives better results on marl or limestone soils than on granite or schist soils. Pinot gris- called Grauburgunder, "Burgundian grey" in German, "Malvoisie" in Valais or Pinot Grigio in Italy) is

484-465: Is considered the capital of the Alsatian wine region. The dryness results from the town's location next to mountains, which forces clouds arriving from the west to rise and much of their moisture to condense and fall over the higher ground, leaving the air warmed and dried by the time it reaches Colmar. The city therefore has more of a continental climate and winter and summer temperatures can sometimes be

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528-668: Is host to what is now considered as the biggest annual commercial event as well as the largest festival in Alsace, the Foire aux vins d'Alsace (Alsacian wine fair). When Air Alsace existed, its head office was on the grounds of Colmar Airport . By 1991 Lycée Seijo , a Japanese boarding high school in Kientzheim , had established a Japanese cultural center. It housed books and printed materials in Japan and hosted lectures and film screenings. Colmar

572-499: Is one of only three Alsace Grand Crus (the others being Kirchberg de Barr and Vorbourg) which is permitted to release the red grape Pinot Noir as a Grand Cru. However a longstanding practice has been for winemakers to label their wines with a hint as to their unofficial link to a Grand Cru. For example, Domaine Muré have until 2024 labelled a wine "Pinot Noir V" to indicate that the wine originates in Pinot Noir grapes grown within what

616-581: Is one of the fifty-one Alsace wine areas ( vignobles) which have Alsace Grand Cru AOC status. Hengst was mentioned for the first time in Wintzenheim in the 19th century. The seigneurs of Haut Landsbourg and the bailliff of Kayserberg had proprietary rights there until the French Revolution . In 1983 Hengst was one of the twenty-four places used as geographical names in the Alsace Grand Cru appellation. Since then several changes have occurred:

660-556: Is otherwise the Grand Cru Vorbourg. Interestingly there is a 60-year-old planting of Auxerrois in the midst of the Hengst vineyard, owned by Josmeyer. It cannot be named Hengst as Auxerrois is not a "noble" variety, but Josmeyer label it "H" as a hint to its geographical origin. It is bottled as Pinot Auxerrois Vielles Vignes. Gewurztraminer (meaning "aromatic traminer" in German) is the most cultivated grape varieties in Hengst. It

704-405: Is set at 10,000 kilograms of grapes per hectare. The yield limit for the entire Alsace Grand Cru appellation is set at 55 hectolitres per hectare, with a maximum yield of 66 hectolitres per hectare, which is much lower than the 80 hectolitres authorised by the Alsace appellation. The actual yield of the entire appellation (the 51 Alsatian named areas) is 50 hectolitres per hectare on average for

748-460: Is the centre of the arrondissement of Colmar-Ribeauvillé , which had 211,312 inhabitants in 2017. Colmar has an oceanic climate ( Köppen : Cfb ) but it is significantly modified by the city's location far inland, with cold, dry winters and warm to hot, wetter summers. The city has a sunny microclimate and is one of the driest cities in France, with an annual precipitation of just 607 mm (23.9 in), making it ideal for Alsace wine . It

792-497: Is therefore particularly low. As a result, the climate is much drier ( Colmar is the driest resort in France ) and slightly warmer (with an average annual temperature 1.5 °C higher ) than would be expected at this latitude. The climate is continental and dry with warm springs, dry and sunny summers, long autumns and cold winters. The vineyard plots are on the hillside, between 270 and 360 metres above sea level, on gentle slopes to

836-568: The Thirty Years' War , it was taken by the Swedish army in 1632, which held it for two years. In 1634, the Schoeman family arrived and started the first town library. In 1635, the city's harvest was spoiled by Imperialist forces while the residents shot at them from the walls. The city was conquered by France under King Louis XIV in 1673 and officially ceded by the 1679 Treaties of Nijmegen . In 1854

880-534: The 19th century in the Loire Valley before arriving in Alsace in the middle of the century. Ottonel is a hybrid of Chasselas . Pinot noir though grown for many years was finally elevated to Grand Cru status in Hengst in 2022. It is subject to strict regulation, including regarding yields, which are only 40 litres/hectare for Pinot Noir as opposed to 50 litres/hectare for the whites from the same Grand Cru. The vines are trained high to protect them from frost, with

924-473: The Alsace vineyards, wines are most often identified by their grape variety/varieties: Riesling, Gewurztraminer, etc. This mention dominates the label even if it is optional. When the Alsace Grand Cru appellation was created the aim was clearly to promote the terroir . The mention of the grape variety is not obligatory and it is possible to put the name of the denomination in larger characters than that of

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968-478: The German conductor Karl Münchinger . Since 1989, it is helmed by the Russian violinist and conductor Vladimir Spivakov . Colmar is an affluent city whose primary economic strength lies in the flourishing tourist industry. But it is also the seat of several large companies: Timken (European seat), Liebherr (French seat), Leitz (French seat), Capsugel France (A division of Pfizer ). Every year since 1947, Colmar

1012-733: The Haut-Rhin department and of the subprefecture of the Colmar-Ribeauvillé arrondissement . The city is renowned for its well-preserved old town, its numerous architectural landmarks and its museums, among which is the Unterlinden Museum , which houses the Isenheim Altarpiece . Colmar is located on the Alsatian Wine Route and considers itself to be the capital of Alsatian wine ( capitale des vins d'Alsace ). Colmar

1056-428: The action of indigenous yeasts or selected yeasts: this operation transforms the sugar in the grapes into alcohol. Controlling the fermentation temperature using a refrigeration system - and slowing the process - allows the aromatic potential of the product to be expressed. Once fermentation is complete after one month, the wine is racked to remove the lees. Malolactic fermentation is generally not carried out, blocked by

1100-406: The adaptation of their respective stylistic language to the local customs and building materials (pink and yellow Vosges sandstone , timber framing ). The Municipal Library of Colmar ( Bibliothèque municipale de Colmar ) owns one of the richest collections of incunabula in France, with more than 2,300 volumes. This is quite an exceptional number for a city that is neither the main seat of

1144-485: The addition of sulfur dioxide to preserve the acidity of the wine. The latter can be stored in vats to prepare it for bottling or aged in oak barrels or tuns. The wine is racked, then usually filtered again before being bottled. Alsace wines must be bottled only in flutes, that is to say bottles of the "Rhine wine" type, 750ml in volume, regulated by several decrees. This is even the case for red wines, which cannot be bottled in traditional "Burgundy" bottles. Throughout

1188-613: The approximately 8,000 students of the UHA, around 1,500 study at the Institut universitaire de technologie (IUT) Colmar, at the Colmar branch of the Faculté des Sciences et Techniques and at the Unité de Formation et de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire d'Enseignement Professionalisé Supérieur (UFR PEPS). The École Compleméntaire Pour L'Enseignement Japonaise à Colmar (コルマール補習授業校 Korumāru Hoshū Jugyō Kō ),

1232-576: The battle of the " Colmar Pocket " in 1945. Colmar has been continuously governed by conservative parties since 1947, the Popular Republican Movement (1947–1977), the Union for French Democracy (1977–1995) and the Union for a Popular Movement (since 1995), and has had only three mayors during that time. The Colmar Treasure , a hoard of precious objects hidden by Jews during the Black Death ,

1276-431: The decree of the 1st March 1984 regulates the use of the terms vendanges tardives and sélection de grains nobles within the appellation, and the decree of 24 January 2001 both reduces allowed yields and allows the modification of the specifications of each denomination (each vintage) after consulting the local wine syndicate. In October 2011, all the grands crus of Alsace moved from being geographical names within

1320-458: The foliage trained in espaliers ; the height of the trained foliage cannot be less than 0.675 times the spacing between the rows. The vines must be pruned in single or double Guyot with a maximum of ten buds per square meter of ground surface for the Gewurztraminer grape variety and eight buds per square meter of ground surface for the other grape varieties. The average maximum load per plot

1364-458: The following: Colmar Colmar ( French : Colmar , pronounced [kɔlmaʁ] ; Alsatian : Colmer [ˈkolməʁ] ; German : Colmar or Kolmar ) is a city and commune in the Haut-Rhin department and Alsace region of north-eastern France . The third-largest commune in Alsace (after Strasbourg and Mulhouse ), it is the seat of the prefecture of

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1408-432: The grape variety. Therefore, several approaches to labelling the bottle are possible, either using simply the name of the appellation and the geographical name (Alsace Grand Cru Hengst), or adding the grape variety (Riesling, Pinot Gris, Gewurztraminer or Muscat). In addition sweet wines can be labelled Sélection de Grains Nobles or Vendanges Tardives, along with the name of a place within the denomination giving options like

1452-460: The grapes are crushed and pressed to separate the Must from the grape pomace . For this work, gentler pneumatic presses are gradually replacing horizontal presses with plates. Then the must is put into a vat for settling, which is the drawing off of the juice without the lees, either by filtering or by decanting while waiting for lees to settle at the bottom of the vat. Alcoholic fermentation begins under

1496-401: The legislation, the must must have at least 279 grams of sugar per liter if it is Gewurztraminer or Pinot Gris (i.e. 16.6% potential alcohol ), or at least 256 grams of sugar per liter if it is Riesling or Muscat (i.e. 15.2% potential alcohol). Here too, no Chaptalization is permitted. The grands crus of Alsace must be harvested manually. On the day of the harvest, upon arrival at the winery,

1540-555: The lowest or highest in France. Mostly spared from the destructions of the French Revolution and the wars of 1870–1871 , 1914–1918 and 1939–1945 , the cityscape of old-town Colmar is homogenous and renowned among tourists. An area that is crossed by canals of the river Lauch (which formerly served as the butcher's, tanner's and fishmonger's quarter) is now called "little Venice " ( la Petite Venise ). Colmar's secular and religious architectural landmarks reflect eight centuries of Germanic and French architecture and

1584-478: The same appellation to that of individual appellations sharing the same specifications. In German , the word Hengst means " stallion ". Hengst is produced in France , in the Alsace region, more precisely in the département of Haut-Rhin , in the Wintzenheim commune, 6 kilometers west of Colmar . On the Alsace Wine Route , Hengst is situated between Brand in the north and Steingrubler in

1628-422: The south-east, between Wettolsheim (to the south-east) and Wintzenheim (to the north). The planted area is 53.02 hectares in size. Wines with the designation Hengst Grand Cru must be produced with the following grape varieties: White grapes are Riesling , Pinot Gris , Gewurztraminer or one of the muscats ( Muscat Ottonel , Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains or Muscat Rose à Petits Grains) . In addition, Hengst

1672-606: The south. The vines are located on marno-calcaire soil originating in the Oligocene . This sort of setting provides both power (thought to originate in the clay) and finesse (thought to originate in the limestone). In the west, the Vosges protect the hillside from wind and rain. The prevailing westerly winds lose their moisture on the western slope of the Vosges and reach Alsace in the form of Foehn winds winds, dry and warm. Precipitation

1716-415: The sun, and the harvest can take place around mid-October. It is resistant to winter frosts. Muscat is rarely grown, be that in plots classified as grands crus or in the Alsace region in general. Muscat blanc à petits grains , also called "Muscat d'Alsace", is originally from Greece; it has been grown in Alsace since at least the beginning of the 16th century. Muscat Ottonel is more recent, discovered in

1760-452: The title Hengst . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hengst&oldid=1243417142 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Hengst (grand cru) It

1804-526: The year 2009. Although this is well below the average yields of the Alsace vineyard, it is a yield within the French average. The Alsace grand cru wines must be harvested by hand. The harvested grapes must have a minimum average natural alcoholic strength by volume of 12.5% for Pinot Gris and Gewurztraminer, and 11% for Riesling and Muscat. Wines from a blend must have a minimum average natural alcoholic strength by volume of 12%. Minimum sugar content at harvest

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1848-691: Was also once linked to Freiburg im Breisgau , in Germany and on the other side of the Rhine , by the Freiburg–Colmar international railway . However the railway bridge over the Rhine between Breisach and Neuf-Brisach was destroyed in 1945 and never replaced. Senior high schools in Colmar include: Colmar shares the Université de Haute-Alsace ( Upper Alsace University ) with the neighbouring, larger city of Mulhouse . Of

1892-506: Was discovered here in 1863. Colmar is 64 kilometres (40 mi) south-southwest of Strasbourg , at 48.08°N, 7.36°E, on the River Lauch, a tributary of the Ill . It is located immediately to the east of the Vosges and connected to the Rhine in the east by a canal . In 2017 the city had a population of 69,105, and the metropolitan area of Colmar had a population of 199,234 in 2018. Colmar

1936-665: Was first mentioned by Charlemagne in his chronicle about Saxon wars. This was the location where the Carolingian Emperor Charles the Fat held a diet in 884. Colmar was granted the status of a free imperial city by Emperor Frederick II in 1226. In 1354 it joined the Décapole city league. The city adopted the Protestant Reformation in 1575, long after the northern neighbours of Strasbourg and Sélestat . During

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