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76-457: Hellbound: Hellraiser II is a 1988 supernatural horror film directed by Tony Randel and starring Clare Higgins , Ashley Laurence , Kenneth Cranham and Doug Bradley . It is the second film in the Hellraiser franchise , and draws heavily upon its precursor, Hellraiser , which was released a year before with much of the same cast and crew. Laurence reprises her role as Kirsty Cotton , who

152-742: A 20% interest in New World for $ 500 million. New World was approached by Fox in part due to the group's expanding presence in several primary and secondary markets of NFC teams. New World, meanwhile, was concerned about the effect that the network's loss of NFC rights to Fox would have on both CBS, which was near the bottom of the network ratings at the time, and on the group's CBS-affiliated stations. The stations that became Fox affiliates had to acquire or produce additional programming to fill their broadcast days, as Fox programmed significantly fewer hours of network content (prime time programming for two hours on Monday through Saturdays and three hours on Sundays,

228-549: A UHF station) also did not switch as Fox was already affiliated with a VHF station in the San Diego market, Tijuana , Baja California , Mexico -based XETV-TV (channel 6). Both KNSD and WVTM retained their NBC affiliations, although in 1995 its contract was renewed for ten years. New World planned to sell all three stations as well, in order to comply with the FCC's twelve-station ownership limit. In November 1994, New World sold WSBK-TV to

304-615: A company partially related to Argyle Television Holdings II, which merged with Hearst Broadcasting to form Hearst-Argyle Television in 1997 – acquiring its four stations: CBS affiliates KTBC-TV (channel 7) in Austin, Texas , and KDFW-TV (channel 4) in Dallas ; NBC affiliate WVTM-TV (channel 13) in Birmingham, Alabama ; and ABC affiliate KTVI (channel 2) in St. Louis . Then, New World acquired four of

380-650: A ghost... psychological horror, on the other hand, does not involve violations of physical law, but features naturalistic (if often implausible) menaces and scenarios." Paul Meehan also distinguishes supernatural horror films from psychological horror, "The threat to societal order comes from something preternatural or anomalous: a haunted house, a curse, or a monster like a vampire or a werewolf." Charles Derry, writing in Dark Dreams 2.0 , contrasted supernatural horror and pseudoscientific horror as "two basic methods of explaining things away" in horror stories. Derry wrote, "Into

456-827: A major investor in 1994 and purchased the company outright in 1997; the alliance with Murdoch, specifically through a group affiliation agreement with New World reached between the two companies in May 1994, helped to cement the Fox network as the fourth major U.S. television network . Although effectively defunct, it continues to exist as holding companies within the Fox Corporation corporate structure along with various regional subsidiaries (e.g. " New World Communications of Tampa "). New World Pictures's co-founder Gene Corman died at his home in Beverly Hills, California , on September 28, 2020, at

532-501: A mentally ill patient to lie on it and cut himself with a straight razor. The resulting blood frees a skinless Julia from the Cenobite dimension, and she subsequently consumes the mental patient for energy. Having snuck inside Channard's house to investigate Kirsty's claims, MacRae witnesses the event and flees in terror. Kirsty meets a young mute patient named Tiffany, who demonstrates an amazing aptitude for puzzles. Later that night, Kirsty

608-613: A more bombastic score larger in scope. For the horn-like sound supposedly emanating from Leviathan in the center of Hell's labyrinth, he had the morse code for the word god incorporated. Supernatural horror film For such films and other media, critics distinguish supernatural horror from psychological horror . Mathias Clasen writes in Why Horror Seduces , "Supernatural horror involves some kind of suspension or breach of physical law, usually embodied in or caused by some kind of supernatural agency such as an uncanny monster or

684-449: A multi-year affiliation agreement in which New World would switch most of its television stations to the network beginning that fall. The deal would include most of the stations that New World was in the midst of acquiring from Argyle and Citicasters, with all of the affected stations joining Fox after existing affiliation contracts with their then-current network partners concluded. In exchange, Fox parent News Corporation agreed to purchase

760-525: A newly formed production company founded by a consortium of former New World executives (Trans-Atlantic was sold to Lakeshore Entertainment in 1996). Highgate Pictures and Learning Corporation of America were shut down in 1990. On October 7, 1991, New World sold much of its "network" television assets to Sony Pictures Entertainment , who used these assets to relaunch TriStar Television . Some television programs produced by New World such as Santa Barbara and The Wonder Years would remain in production by

836-532: A photographer who was on set took some photos of Pinhead and the Female Cenobite dressed as surgeons which were used for promotion of the film, and were also used on some VHS / DVD covers, confusing fans and starting rumors about an "infamous deleted surgery scene". Some trailers do show a few shots from this unfinished scene, as well as parts of another deleted scene with Chatterer stopping the elevator with his hand and jumping at Kirsty and Tiffany. The lost scene

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912-574: A secondary Tampa affiliate in Sarasota -based WWSB ). The concurrent purchases of WBRC and WGHP posed issues as, at the time, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) only allowed a single company to own a maximum of 12 television stations nationwide (the Argyle and Citicasters purchases, combined with the seven stations it earlier acquired from SCI Television, would have given New World

988-542: A series of gruesome images that can be watched in any order". Caryn James of The New York Times wished for more plot and less "silly" effects: "Ogling strange creatures is the film's true reason for being". In a more positive review, Chris Willman of the Los Angeles Times called it "faster and campier" than its predecessor, "more of an action/adventure picture this time around, if still an exceptionally grisly one". Composer Christopher Young also returned to compose

1064-508: A station. Three New World stations were excluded from the Fox affiliation deal. In Boston, where New World owned WSBK-TV, Fox was already affiliated with WFXT (channel 25). WVTM was exempted in Birmingham, as, in the summer of 1995, New World sold WBRC as well as WGHP to Fox Television Stations , with WBRC switching to Fox after its affiliation contract with ABC expired on August 31, 1996. KNSD (also

1140-415: A stressful experience making the first film, Barker opted not to return as director, though he did remain as an executive producer and story writer. Michael McDowell was in talks to write the screenplay and direct, but rewrites of Beetlejuice and health issues had him bow out early in pre-production. American filmmaker Tony Randel , a longtime New World Pictures employee and an uncredited editor on

1216-547: A swinging torture rack surrounded by the many hanging chains. He also requested his character have eyes to help his vision, which caused some discontent with fans who derided the new design. A scene in which the character has his vision restored was removed from the final cut, resulting in some bad continuity - since his introductory scene in Hellbound features him in his original eyeless state. British Shakespearean actor Kenneth Cranham , who plays Channard, claimed his involvement

1292-505: A total of 15 stations) and in the case of Birmingham, New World could not keep WBRC and WVTM in any event, as the FCC forbade common ownership of two television stations in the same market . As a result, following the completion of the Citicasters station purchases in late March 1995, New World placed WBRC and WGHP in a blind trust and sought buyers for both stations. The biggest deal involving New World Communications would aid in changing

1368-423: Is The Exorcist (1973). It has an unadjusted gross of over $ 441 million with the original release and 2000 re-release combined; the estimated adjusted gross in 2019 is over $ 1.04 billion . The highest-grossing supernatural horror film, unadjusted for inflation, is It (2017) with a worldwide gross of $ 701 million . In 2013, Variety ' s Andrew Stewart said supernatural horror films grossed more at

1444-518: Is admitted into a psychiatric hospital after the events of the first film. There, the head doctor (Cranham) unleashes the Cenobites , a group of sadomasochistic beings from another dimension. Clive Barker , who wrote and directed the first Hellraiser film, wrote the story of Hellraiser II and served as executive producer. Hellraiser II is an international co-production of the United Kingdom and

1520-501: Is awakened in her room by a vision of a grisly, skinless figure whom she believes to be her father, and who writes a message in blood, begging her to rescue him from Hell. MacRae returns to the hospital and tells Kirsty he believes everything is true. The two decide to return to Channard's house. Meanwhile, Channard, seduced by Julia, has brought more mentally ill patients to his home for her to feed on, in order to complete her regeneration. Kirsty and MacRae arrive at Channard's home. MacRae

1596-499: Is free to explore. Julia betrays Channard to Leviathan to be turned into a Cenobite; as Channard screams during the procedure (a hellish parody of a blood transfusion ), Julia reveals that she has a mission to bring souls to Leviathan, including Channard's. Kirsty encounters Frank Cotton in the labyrinth, who reveals that he tricked her by pretending to be her father. Julia appears and avenges her murder by Frank by castrating him and burning off his skin, allowing Kirsty to escape. Julia

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1672-502: Is killed by Frank Cotton, Kirsty Cotton is admitted into a psychiatric hospital. Interviewed by Doctor Channard and his assistant Kyle MacRae, she tells her account of the events and pleads with them to destroy the bloody mattress on which her murderous stepmother, Julia Cotton, died. After hearing Kirsty's story, Dr. Channard, who is secretly obsessed with the Lament Configuration, has the mattress brought to his home and convinces

1748-492: Is killed by a now fully regenerated Julia, and Kirsty is knocked unconscious. Channard and Julia kidnap Tiffany and force her to unlock the Lament Configuration so that they can enter the labyrinth-like world of Pinhead and the Cenobites. The Cenobites momentarily spare Tiffany, aware that while she was physically responsible for unlocking the Lament Configuration, the actual intention and desire behind it were Channard's. In Hell,

1824-434: Is shocked into regaining the power of speech. Pinhead and the other Cenobites attempt to fight Channard, but he easily overpowers and kills them all. Before being killed by Channard’s scalpel-wielding 'serpents', Spencer exchanges a poignant glance with Kirsty. Channard traps Kirsty and Tiffany. Kirsty finds Julia's flayed-off skin and puts it on like a garment, in order to distract Channard, giving Tiffany enough time to solve

1900-508: Is then sucked away by a vortex that opens within the labyrinth, leaving only her empty skin behind. Kirsty and Tiffany reconnect and attempt to escape but are ambushed by Channard, who has become a Cenobite. The girls flee and encounter Pinhead and his Cenobites. Kirsty shows Pinhead a photograph of Spencer that she took from Channard's study, and he gradually remembers that he is human; the other Cenobites also remember that they were once human. Suddenly, Channard appears and beckons Tiffany, who

1976-499: The Big Three broadcast television networks (ABC, CBS and NBC) and therefore had higher value with advertisers (compared to its predominately UHF affiliate body, the vast majority of which were independent stations before joining the network), in an effort to bolster the network's newly acquired package of NFL game telecasts. Shortly after the Citicasters acquisition announcement, on May 23, 1994, New World Communications and Fox reached

2052-604: The Motion Picture Production Code (or the Hays Code). The Haunting featured a female protagonist interested in another woman, and she was a queer coded character. Such characters were commonplace in the history of supernatural horror films. Sue Matheson wrote of Rosemary's Baby , "[It] popularized depictions of witchcraft, demonic activity, and the Devil on screen and generated a wave of supernatural horror movies." By

2128-470: The Paramount Stations Group subsidiary of Viacom for $ 100 million. Later that year, Brandon Tartikoff , who helped NBC out of its ratings doldrums in the 1980s in his former role as President of Entertainment at NBC, joined New World Communications in an executive position; concurrently, New World acquired Tartikoff's production company Moving Target Productions. New World also acquired

2204-614: The United States ; New World Television , a production unit focusing on television programs (the first television programs produced by the unit were the soap opera Santa Barbara and the made-for-TV movie Playing With Fire ); and New World Video , which would handle home video distribution of films produced mainly by New World Pictures. It would eventually see success of its video division in its first few months of its operation. In May 1986, New World acquired post-production facility Lions Gate Studios for $ 4.4 million. That November

2280-480: The "Hell Pillar" during the final scene. However, Clare Higgins did not want to return for more sequels, and requested her character be killed off. Hellbound was initially rated X by the Motion Picture Association of America , which would have limited it to those 17 and older. Barker attributed this to preferring explicit displays of the grotesque rather than hinting at it. Hellbound: Hellraiser II

2356-441: The 1970s – returned to the company as its new CEO. Later that year Thompson left the company to form his own firm. On February 21, 1984, New World Pictures added 3 new pictures in order to expect to produce a minimum of 14 releases per year, and had plans to start their own regional network. In 1984, the company created three new divisions: New World International , which would handle distribution of New World's productions outside

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2432-434: The 1970s, the films The Exorcist (1973) and The Omen (1976) revived the supernatural horror genre. Literature was used as source material like with the earliest films, with the written works of Stephen King being adapted into Carrie (1976) and The Shining (1980). The film Poltergeist (1982) was also a genre highlight in the 1980s. In the 2000s, violent horror films called " torture porn " were popular. By

2508-416: The Lament Configuration again - this time in reverse. In trying to extricate his trapped serpentine tentacles, Channard rips himself apart, and the door to hell is finally closed. The girls leave the hospital. Two moving men are removing Dr. Channard's belongings from his home elsewhere. One is pulled inside the mattress, and the other witnesses a mysterious pillar rise from within . One of the faces fused to

2584-503: The Monday through Saturday children's block Fox Kids , and an hour of late night programming on Saturdays) than its three established major network competitors; on top of that, most of the New World stations (with KTVI later becoming the lone exception) declined to carry the Fox Kids block. The time vacated by news programs, daytime shows and children's programs from each station's former network

2660-790: The Spanish Civil War, Colombian armed conflict, and Guatemalan genocide, respectively. Films like Host (2020) reflected contemporary fears, with The Others (2001) and Insidious (2010) revisiting haunted house narratives, and The Conjuring (2013) grounding its story in real-life paranormal investigations. The genre also blended horror with comedy, as in Housebound (2014) and Extra Ordinary (2019), to explore similar themes. The films employed various techniques, such as jump-scares, tension-building, and emotive performances, to examine deep-rooted fears and societal issues. The highest-grossing supernatural horror film, adjusted for inflation,

2736-582: The United States, and was screened at the Toronto Festival of Festivals on 9 September 1988, with mixed reviews upon release. It grossed $ 12.1 million at the box office and was followed by Hellraiser III: Hell on Earth in 1992. In 1920s India , British military officer Elliot Spencer is transformed into the Cenobite "Pinhead" after opening the Lament Configuration . Shortly after her father

2812-544: The acquisitions of Cannell Entertainment and entertainment magazine Premiere . In May 1996, New World sold WVTM and KNSD to NBC Television Stations for $ 425 million. On July 17, 1996, Fox parent News Corporation announced that it would acquire the remainder of New World Communications for $ 2.48 billion in stock. When the merger with News Corporation was finalized on January 22, 1997, New World's television production and distribution arms folded into 20th Century Fox Television and 20th Television , respectively and

2888-461: The age of 93. New World Pictures's founder Roger Corman died at his home in Santa Monica, California , on May 9, 2024, at the age of 98. Founded on July 8, 1970, New World Pictures, Ltd. was co-founded by B-movie director Roger Corman and his brother Gene , following their departure from American International Pictures (AIP). As the last remaining national low-budget film distributor at

2964-1063: The box office than other horror sub-genres. He advised that filmmakers interested in tapping into the profitable market of low-budget horror should focus more on stories about ghosts and the supernatural, as movies about slashers and extreme horror tend to have less consistent commercial success. Joe Tompkins wrote that following the 1950s, many "Gothic and supernatural horror movies utilize dissonance, atonality, and unusual configurations of instruments to signify all sorts of anomalous, paranormal activity". He wrote that Black Sunday (1960) and The Haunting (1963) "make use of atonal clusters, which operate in sharp contrast to tonal music and thus provide antagonistic symbols for supernatural evil and good (respectively)". He also highlighted that The Amityville Horror (1979) and Poltergeist (1982) "employ various thematic materials ranging from soft-sounding lullabies to atonal outbursts". According to Janet K. Halfyard, supernatural horror-comedy films deploy various strategies to using music "to simultaneously locate

3040-577: The company acquired the Marvel Entertainment Group (MEG), the corporate parent of Marvel Comics from the liquidated Cadence Industries . In July 1967, William "Bill" Deneen left Encyclopædia Britannica Films to start up the Learning Corporation of America , a rival company with Columbia Pictures . It would quickly become one of EBF's biggest rivals in the 16mm field. During his past decade with EBF, William Deneen's specialty

3116-1117: The company until their cancellations in 1993; New World would not return to producing programs for the major broadcast television networks until early 1995. On February 17, 1993, Perelman purchased SCI Television from George Gillett , acquiring the company's seven television stations: CBS affiliates WAGA-TV (channel 5) in Atlanta , WJBK-TV (channel 2) in Detroit , WJW-TV (channel 8) in Cleveland , WITI-TV (channel 6) in Milwaukee and WTVT (channel 13) in Tampa ; NBC affiliate KNSD (channel 39) in San Diego ; and independent station WSBK-TV (channel 38) in Boston . SCI had undergone several corporate restructurings following its 1987 purchase by Gillett Communications from Kohlberg Kravis Roberts (which, in turn, had acquired

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3192-434: The doctor and nurse turn into Pinhead and the Female Cenobite, before she and Tiffany continue running. The scene was filmed but was ultimately dropped from the final cut for two reasons. One was because the filmmakers thought that having actor Doug Bradley as a normal doctor would confuse the viewers, and another was because the special effects for the scene turned out poorly, so it was decided to discard it altogether. However,

3268-534: The dominant cinematic mode of the genre between the release of Dracula (1931) and House of Dracula (1945). In the early 1940s, supernatural horror films had more contemporary settings, but the genre was ultimately superseded by psychological horror films. By the end of World War II, the supernatural horror genre "met its demise", being overshadowed by the atrocities of the war. By the 1950s, science fiction horror films had replaced supernatural horror films, and psychological horror films also became more popular in

3344-824: The end of the decade, supernatural horror reclaimed their popularity. The found footage film The Blair Witch Project had achieved fame in 1999, and in the late 2000s, Paranormal Activity succeeded with the same film technique, which led to a film series that lasted until the mid-2010s. In the first two decades of 21st century, supernatural horror films explored a variety of themes and styles. Movies like Martyrs Lane (2021) focused on grief and loss, while Oculus (2013), Personal Shopper (2016), and Hereditary (2018) explored unfinished family business and personal trauma. The genre also incorporated real historical events, as seen in The Devil's Backbone (2001), Los Silencios (2018), and La Llorona (2019), which draw on

3420-520: The entity Leviathan — in the shape of a gigantic, elongated diamond — rotates in space above the labyrinth, shooting out black beams that make Channard remember some of the atrocities he committed. Julia calls Leviathan the "god of flesh, hunger, and desire... the Lord of the Labyrinth". Kirsty, who now possesses the Lament Configuration, follows them in. Pinhead and the other Cenobites find Kirsty and tell her she

3496-585: The face of American broadcasting. In the wake of Fox 's landmark $ 1.58-billion deal with the National Football League (NFL) on December 17, 1993, which awarded it the television rights to the National Football Conference (NFC) beginning with the league's 1994 season , the network began seeking agreements with various station groups such as SF Broadcasting to affiliate with VHF stations that had established histories as affiliates of

3572-403: The film within—or at least close to—the horror genre, while at the same time encouraging the audience to laugh instead of scream". New World Pictures New World Pictures (also known as New World Entertainment and New World Communications Group, Inc. ) was an American independent production , distribution , and (in its final years as an autonomous entity) multimedia company . It

3648-534: The filmmaking careers of Jonathan Demme ( Caged Heat , Crazy Mama ), Jonathan Kaplan ( White Line Fever ), Ron Howard ( Grand Theft Auto ), Paul Bartel ( Death Race 2000 ) and Joe Dante ( Piranha ), all of whom made some of their early films as interns for the company. New World also released foreign films from acclaimed directors such as Ingmar Bergman ( Cries and Whispers , Autumn Sonata ), Federico Fellini ( Amarcord ) and Akira Kurosawa ( Dersu Uzala ). The distribution of such films

3724-426: The first film, was hired as director due to his experience working with Barker. Hellbound would be his directorial debut, he had previously contributed uncredited directing work on Def-Con 4 and Godzilla 1985 . Peter Atkins, an associate of Barker's from his days as a playwright , was hired to write the script. The script originally featured the return of Larry Cotton, but Andrew Robinson declined to reprise

3800-497: The former New World television stations were transferred into its Fox Television Stations subsidiary, turning the former group's twelve Fox affiliates into owned-and-operated stations of the network, joining WGHP and WBRC. The New World Animation and Marvel Films Animation libraries were acquired by Saban Entertainment and Fox Kids Worldwide (in turn acquired by Disney through its 2001 purchase of Fox Family Worldwide) following News Corporation's acquisition of New World. As part of

3876-462: The group by Perelman in the summer of 1993. In 1993, New World Entertainment purchased ownership stakes in syndication distributor Genesis Entertainment through Four Star Television and made a direct purchase of infomercial production company, Guthy-Renker . With the asset expansion, the company changed its name to New World Communications . The company expanded its broadcasting holdings in May 1994 with its purchase of Argyle Television –

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3952-451: The hospital who writes "I Am In Hell Help Me" in blood on the wall. Aside from Barker, most of the crew from the first film returned, including cinematographer Robin Vidgeon and effects designer Bob Keen . The picture was due to have a much larger budget but it decreased after financial issues with New World Pictures. Tony Randel claims the dark tone of the film reflected his own mindset on

4028-495: The latter case, New World decided against buying WTSP, as WTVT had the higher viewership of the two stations and market-wide signal coverage (WTSP's analog signal did not adequately cover southern sections of the Tampa–St. Petersburg market, as its transmitter was short-spaced to avoid interfering with the signal of Miami ABC affiliate WPLG , as both stations broadcast on VHF channel 10; because of this reason, ABC has long maintained

4104-454: The most expensive looking school films of the era, despite being made very economically. In 1987, New World acquired educational film company Learning Corporation of America and independent film studio Highgate Pictures . By this time New World Pictures changed its name to New World Entertainment to better reflect its range of subsidiaries besides the film studio, including its purchase of Marvel Comics , and partner Harry Sloan said that

4180-419: The name change would have the revised banner "more accurately reflects the business the company is in". Also that year New World almost purchased two toy companies, Kenner Parker Toys and Mattel , but both planned acquisitions never materialized (although Tonka would acquire Kenner in 1987). Around this time, New World faced a major financial slump and the company began restructuring itself. This began with

4256-401: The pillar is the vagrant from the previous film, who asks the man, "What's your pleasure, sir?" New World Pictures greenlit Hellbound while the first film was still in post-production. Because of the limited budget of the first movie, Clive Barker and producer Christopher Figg felt there were so many unanswered questions left behind that the sequel was conceived with this in mind. Due to

4332-513: The remaining interest in Genesis Entertainment, which expanded upon New World's production assets into television distribution (Genesis has subsequently renamed New World-Genesis Distribution following the closure of the purchase). After New World took over Moving Target Productions, the production company was renamed to MT2 Services. In 1995, Stone Stanley Productions was signed an exclusive agreement with New World Entertainment. 1995 saw

4408-409: The role. Several reasons were given for this including disagreement over fees and a clash of schedules although nothing has ever been confirmed. In the documentary Leviathan: The Story of Hellraiser and Hellbound: Hellraiser 2 , Robinson stated he disliked the script and thus decided to not return as his character was finished anyway. Writer Peter Atkins said that though he liked Robinson as an actor, he

4484-770: The sale of Marvel Entertainment Group to Andrews Group (run by financier Ronald Perelman ) on January 6, 1989; Marvel Productions was excluded from the sale. After a failed bid by Giancarlo Parretti 's Pathe Communications , New World was sold to the Andrews Group in April 1989; Perelman indicated that, while New World's television operations would continue, their motion picture and home video activity would be cut back, if not scrapped entirely. The bulk of its film and home video holdings were sold in January 1990 to Trans-Atlantic Pictures,

4560-490: The same decade, ultimately eclipsing supernatural horror. The few supernatural horror films that were produced in the 1950s were often set in haunted houses , a continuation of haunted-house films prevalent in the 1940s. In the 1960s, horror films like The Innocents (1961), The Haunting (1963), and Rosemary's Baby (1968) used supernatural elements but were not directly about the paranormal. Other horror films used supernatural themes to code elements being censored by

4636-639: The six television stations owned by Citicasters : ABC affiliates WBRC-TV (channel 6) in Birmingham and WGHP-TV (channel 8) in High Point, North Carolina ; NBC affiliate WDAF-TV (channel 4) in Kansas City, Missouri ; and CBS affiliate KSAZ-TV (channel 10) in Phoenix . Citicasters retained ownership of ABC affiliates WKRC-TV (channel 12) in Cincinnati, Ohio , and WTSP (channel 10) in St. Petersburg, Florida ; in

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4712-401: The stations' former parent Storer Communications in 1985). Earlier in the decade, the group – then known as GCI Broadcast Services, Inc. – had restructured after defaulting on some of its financing agreements. Eventually, the renamed, SCI ran into severe financial problems and filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in late 1992. SCI was folded into New World, following the completion of its purchase of

4788-428: The supernatural group one could fit all the monsters and horrors that are somehow involved with religions and ritual," highlighting witchcraft, Egyptology and reincarnation, and zombies. Aaron Smuts considers horror "to be a genre with two main sub-types, supernatural horror and realist horror" and that they "have different charms". While fictional horror-themed literature, theatre, and other visual culture had existed,

4864-459: The supernatural such as The Gray Ghost (1917) with no actual narratives involving supernatural events. The supernatural horror film had what author Paul Meehan described as "its genesis" in early German expressionism in the 1920s and early 1930s with films like The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari and Nosferatu . During the Universal Studios first horror film cycle, supernatural horror was

4940-417: The terms "horror film" and "horror movie" as known in a contemporary term did not become common place until 1931 and 1932. Film serials became popular in the United States in 1913. Supernatural events and characters in 1910s film serials were rare. Only two serials explored the supernatural at length, with The Mysteries of Myra (1916) and The Screaming Shadow (1920) while most serials which suggested

5016-635: The time, New World quickly became one of the most successful independent companies in the nation. Corman hoped to continue AIP's formula at New World, making low-budget films by new talent and distributing them internationally. However, it started out with only ten domestic offices, and one each in Canada and the United Kingdom ; its films were distributed regionally by other companies. New World initially made exploitation films such as The Student Nurses and other small-scale productions. Corman helped launch

5092-472: The twisted visual thrill of its predecessor, although seams in the plot are already starting to show." Metacritic , which uses a weighted average , assigned the film a score of 41 out of 100, based on 13 critics, indicating "mixed or average" reviews. Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times described it as "some kind of avant-garde film strip in which there is no beginning, no middle, no end, but simply

5168-591: The world at the time. Filming took place mainly at Pinewood Studios . The exteriors of the Channard Institute were filmed at Pine Ridge House in Iver Heath , Buckinghamshire . Originally, there was going to be an extra scene during the ending when Kirsty and Tiffany are running from Channard. The scene was planned so that during their escape the duo run into a doctor and nurse. The doctor demands to know what are they doing. Kirsty backs away in horror when suddenly

5244-567: Was conceived by Corman in an effort to disassociate New World as an exhibitor of exploitation films. In 1983, Corman sold New World to Larry Kupin, Harry E. Sloan and Larry A. Thompson for $ 16.5 million; the three new owners decided to take the company public . Corman retained the film library, while New World acquired home video rights to the releases. In 1984, Robert Rehme – who formerly served as chief executive officer of Avco Embassy Pictures and Universal Pictures and had previously worked for New World as its vice president of sales in

5320-412: Was due to his grandson pestering him to take up the offer, being a fan of the original. Francis Matthews was also offered the role. Oliver Smith , who played Skinless Frank in the original due to his skinny frame (allowing the body makeup to be realistic), reprised his role along with two extra roles as Browning (the mental patient with delusional parasitosis ) and as the skinless figure Kirsty sees in

5396-450: Was eventually rediscovered on a VHS workprint and announced as an extra for Arrow Video 's Blu-ray reissue of the first three films in the series. Another scene that was filmed, but then deleted, was Kirsty and Tiffany being chased by the creature known as the Engineer in the first installment. Julia was originally intended to survive the end of the film, appearing as the head embedded in

5472-534: Was filled by additional syndicated programming and, in particular, local newscasts. The deal as a whole (as well as a second affiliation agreement that was struck one month after the New World deal through the purchase of four stations by a joint venture with Savoy Pictures ) caused a domino effect that resulted in various individual and group affiliation deals involving all four networks (primarily CBS, Fox, and ABC) affecting television stations in more than 70 media markets ; in most of those areas, New World did not own

5548-490: Was founded in 1970 by Roger Corman and Gene Corman as New World Pictures, Ltd. , a producer and distributor of motion pictures , eventually expanding into television production in 1984. New World eventually expanded into broadcasting with the acquisition of seven television stations in 1993, with the broadcasting unit expanding through additional purchases made during 1994. 20th Century Fox (then solely-owned by News Corporation ), controlled by Rupert Murdoch , became

5624-478: Was geography films, being owner of an independent film company since 1950 that was distributing through EBF until they absorbed his company and made him vice president. Among his most famous in-depth looks of everyday life overseas were a series on Japan , Hungary and Communism and a trio shot on Samuel Bronston 's sets of Fall of the Roman Empire , including Claudius: Boy of Ancient Rome . These were certainly

5700-476: Was relieved that he declined as it made the narrative work a lot better in the finished project. In earlier drafts, the character of Dr. Channard was called Malahide. A more elaborate backstory for Pinhead was scripted, but was cut, due to lack of funds, after the budget was slashed. Nicholas Vince , who plays the Chatterer, received a hook to the jaw while filming a scene involving his character being impaled on

5776-509: Was shown at the Toronto Festival of Festivals on 9 September 1988. It was later shown in Los Angeles and New York on 23 December. During its theatrical release, Hellbound grossed $ 12,090,735 in the United States, and £980,503 in the United Kingdom. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes , 53% of 32 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 5.6/10. The website's consensus reads: " Hellbound: Hellraiser II retains

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