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40-636: Helen Hayes MacArthur ( née   Brown ; October 10, 1900 – March 17, 1993) was an American actress. Often referred to as the "First Lady of American Theatre", she was the second person and first woman to win the EGOT (an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar, and a Tony Award) , and the first person to win the Triple Crown of Acting . Hayes also received the Presidential Medal of Freedom , America's highest civilian honor, from President Ronald Reagan in 1986. In 1988, she

80-469: A ball in which the Dowager Empress was to present her granddaughter, presumbly to announce Anna's and Prince Paul's engagement as well, the Dowager Empress has a final private conversation with her. Though she is aware of Bounine's intentions, the Dowager Empress tells Anna that she believes that she truly is Anastasia and the future was hers to decide. Upon realizing that Anna and Bounine were in love,

120-577: A man's surname at birth that has subsequently been replaced or changed. The diacritic mark (the acute accent ) over the e is considered significant to its spelling, and ultimately its meaning, but is sometimes omitted. According to Oxford University 's Dictionary of Modern English Usage , the terms are typically placed after the current surname (e.g., " Margaret Thatcher , née Roberts" or " Bill Clinton , né Blythe"). Since they are terms adopted into English (from French), they do not have to be italicized , but they often are. In Polish tradition ,

160-502: A Motion Picture – Drama , with Bergman winning the category. Though the last Tsar of Imperial Russia , Nicholas II , and his family were executed in July 1918, rumors spread that Nicholas's youngest daughter, Grand Duchess Anastasia , somehow escaped and survived. During 1928, in Paris , France , an ailing woman named Anna Anderson , who resembles Anastasia, is brought to the attention of

200-698: A former White Russian , General Sergei Bounine, the proprietor of a successful Russian-themed nightclub . Bounine knows that, while in a mental asylum being treated for amnesia , Anna had told a nun there that she is Anastasia. Terrified after being approached by Bounine and addressed as the Grand Duchess , Anna flees to the River Seine and attempts to throw herself in, though she is stopped. Bounine then meets with his associates, Boris Andreevich Chernov and Poitr Ivanovich Petrovin; he had already repeatedly raised funds from English stockholders , eager to obtain

240-614: A second benefit for the Riverside Shakespeare Company, this time at the Marquis Theatre , the construction of which had been made possible by the demolition of the Helen Hayes Theatre three years before. The production featured Rex Smith , Ossie Davis and F. Murray Abraham , and was produced by McDowell and directed by Robert Small, with Hayes narrating. According to her daughter-in-law, HB MacArthur, Hayes took

280-551: A series of carefully arranged encounters with former familiars and members of the Imperial court, Anna begins to display a sense of confidence and style that astonish people who doubt her. However, they do not receive enough confirmations from people that recognized Anna and Bounine comes up with another plan. Shortly afterwards, Anna and Bounine arrive in Copenhagen , Denmark , to convince the skeptical Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna ,

320-501: A £10 million inheritance that belonged to Anastasia held by the Bank of England -based on Bounine's claim that he had found her, which he privately admits is a lie. Frustrated by the delays, the stockholders have lost their patience with Bounine and has given him eight days to produce Anastasia. Bounine arranges for Anna to be intensively trained to pass as Anastasia. During this time, the pair begin to develop feelings for each other. Later, in

360-492: Is doing something is almost as pleasurable as what she is doing." She spent most of her last years writing and raising money for organizations that fight asthma. Hayes was a generous donor of time and money to a number of causes and organizations, including the Riverside Shakespeare Company of New York City. Along with Mildred Natwick , she became a founding member of the company's Board of Advisors in 1981. She

400-622: Is regarded as one of the greatest leading ladies of the 20th-century theatre. Her career spanned 82 years. A leading philanthropist in later decades, Hayes was most proud of her 49-year association with the extraordinary Helen Hayes Hospital, a non-profit rehabilitative center overlooking the Hudson River in West Haverstraw, NY. Helen Hayes Brown was born in Washington, D.C. , on October 10, 1900. Her mother, Catherine Estelle "Essie" (née Hayes),

440-416: Is the feminine past participle of naître , which means "to be born". Né is the masculine form. The term née , having feminine grammatical gender , can be used to denote a woman's surname at birth that has been replaced or changed. In most English-speaking cultures, it is specifically applied to a woman's maiden name after her surname has changed due to marriage. The term né can be used to denote

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480-1166: The Academy of the Sacred Heart Convent in Washington and graduated in 1917. Hayes began a stage career as a five-year-old singer at Washington's Belasco Theatre , on Lafayette Square, across from the White House. By age 10, she had made a short film, Jean and the Calico Doll (1910). Her sound film debut was The Sin of Madelon Claudet , for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress . She followed that with starring roles in Arrowsmith (with Ronald Colman ); A Farewell to Arms (with Gary Cooper ); The White Sister (opposite Clark Gable ); Another Language (opposite Robert Montgomery ); What Every Woman Knows (a reprise of her Broadway hit); and Vanessa: Her Love Story also with Robert Montgomery. But Hayes did not prefer film to

520-715: The Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center , in Austin, Texas . The center protects and preserves North America's native plants and natural landscapes. The Helen Hayes Award for theater in the Washington, D.C., area is named in her honor. She has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6220 Hollywood Blvd. Hayes is also in the American Theatre Hall of Fame . Hayes was a Catholic and a Republican who attended many Republican National Conventions (including

560-650: The Award for Greatest Public Service Benefiting the Disadvantaged, an award given out annually by Jefferson Awards . In 1979, she received the Laetare Medal from the University of Notre Dame . Birth name#Maiden and married names A birth name is the name given to a person upon birth. The term may be applied to the surname , the given name , or the entire name. Where births are required to be officially registered,

600-781: The Church for the duration of her marriage to Charles MacArthur , who was a divorced Protestant); and the polio -related death of her 19-year-old daughter, Mary (1930–1949), an aspiring actress. Hayes's adopted son, James MacArthur (1937–2010), had a successful career in acting, including as co-star to Jack Lord in Hawaii Five-O . Hayes guest-starred on Hawaii Five-O in the 1975 episode "Retire in Sunny Hawaii... Forever". She and her son appeared in The Love Boat episode "No Girls for Doc/Marriage of Convenience/The Caller/The Witness". Hayes

640-447: The Dowager Empress allows them to run away together. When told that she and Bounine and Anna had left, Paul explains to the others that the young woman wasn't Anastasia after all. But the Dowager Empress replies, "Wasn't she?" and goes to speak to the guests. When asked by Paul what she going to say to them, the Dowager Empress responds, "I will say, the play is over. Go home." The film was adapted by Guy Bolton and Arthur Laurents from

680-473: The Grand Duchess's paternal grandmother, of Anna being Anastasia, as no one would question her decision. Meanwhile, Bounine becomes jealous of how much attention Prince Paul von Haraldberg, another fortune hunter and the Dowager Empress's nephew, pays Anna. Initially thinking that Anna was going to be just another imposter , the Dowager Empress is persuaded into believing that Anna is Anastasia. Later, at

720-485: The alliance's drama committee and board of directors, according to alliance executive director James Kirk Merrick who noted, "This award isn't given every year.... It is only presented when we feel someone is deserving. I don't think there can be any question as to how we arrived at choosing Miss Hayes." In 1982, with friend Lady Bird Johnson , she founded the National Wildflower Research Center, now

760-750: The building. Parts of the original Helen Hayes Theatre on Broadway were used to construct the Shakespeare Center on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, which Hayes dedicated with Joseph Papp in 1982. In 1983 the Little Theater on West 44th Street was renamed the Helen Hayes Theatre in her honor, as was a theatre in Nyack, which has since been renamed the Riverspace-Arts Center. In early 2014,

800-520: The city; Bellevue Hospital at night, a tugboat hauling garbage out to sea, parties, libraries, and Puerto Rican markets. They spoke to everyday people to see how they lived their lives and what made the city tick. The result of this collaborative effort was the book Twice Over Lightly , published in 1972. It is unclear when or by whom Hayes was called the "First Lady of the Theatre". Her friend, actress Katharine Cornell , also held that title, and each thought

840-654: The entire name entered onto a birth certificate or birth register may by that fact alone become the person's legal name . The assumption in the Western world is often that the name from birth (or perhaps from baptism or brit milah ) will persist to adulthood in the normal course of affairs—either throughout life or until marriage. Some reasons for changes of a person's name include middle names , diminutive forms, changes relating to parental status (due to one's parents' divorce or adoption by different parents), and gender transition . The French and English-adopted née

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880-541: The hospital in the 1940s and was named to the Board of Visitors in 1944. In 1974, the hospital was renamed in her honor. She served on the Helen Hayes Hospital Board of Visitors for 49 years, until her death in 1993. In that time, she advocated tirelessly for the hospital and successfully led a fight to prevent its relocation to Albany in the 1960s. In the 1970s, she was instrumental in lobbying for funding to transform

920-435: The hospital into a state-of-the-art facility. Hayes also contributed her enthusiastic support to hospital events and fund-raising efforts, including handing out diplomas to the children upon graduation when the hospital was still a pediatric care facility. She also faithfully attended the hospital's annual Classic Race, leading it in a classic car, handing out awards to runners, hand cyclists, and wheelchair racers, and offering

960-577: The most pride in her philanthropic work with Helen Hayes Hospital , a physical rehabilitation hospital located in West Haverstraw , New York. She was extremely proud of the strides the hospital made toward the rehabilitation of people with disabilities, saying: "I've seen my name in lights on theater marquees and in letters 20 feet tall on Broadway billboards, but nothing has ever given me greater sense of pride and satisfaction than my 49-year association with this unique hospital." Hayes became involved with

1000-718: The one held in New Orleans in 1988 ), but she was not as politically vocal as several other Republicans (e.g., Adolphe Menjou , Ginger Rogers , John Wayne , Ronald Reagan , etc.) in the Hollywood community of that time. Hayes delivered a seconding speech to George H. W. Bush 's nomination during the roll call at the 1988 Republican National Convention. Hayes wrote three memoirs: A Gift of Joy , On Reflection , and My Life in Three Acts . Some of these books' themes include her return to Roman Catholicism (she had been denied communion from

1040-450: The other deserved it. One critic said Cornell played every queen as though she were a woman, whereas Hayes played every woman as though she were a queen. Hayes was also recognized with additional awards during her career. In January 1968, Philadelphia Art Alliance president Raymond S. Green presented her with the alliance's Award of Merit "in recognition of outstanding creative work of high artistic merit." She had been chosen unanimously by

1080-403: The play by Bolton and Marcelle Maurette . Some critics believed the film was bound too much to the static settings and theatrical "scenes" of the play, but additional, essentially decorative, ball scenes were added to open up the action. Though the film does not explicitly reveal whether Anna is or isn't Anastasia, it suggests through subtle hints that she is, such as frequently coughing when she

1120-555: The site was refurbished and styled by interior designer Dawn Hershko and reopened as the Playhouse Market, a quaint restaurant and gourmet deli. Hayes, who spoke with her good friend Anita Loos almost daily on the phone, told her, "I used to think New York was the most enthralling place in the world. I'll bet it still is and if I were free next summer, I would prove it." With that, she convinced Loos to embark on an exploration of all five boroughs of New York. They visited and explored

1160-689: The stage. Hayes eventually returned to Broadway in 1935, where for three years she played the title role in Gilbert Miller 's production of Victoria Regina , with Vincent Price as Prince Albert, first at the Broadhurst Theatre and later at the Martin Beck Theatre . In 1951, she was involved in the Broadway revival of J.M. Barrie 's play Mary Rose at the ANTA Playhouse . In 1953, she

1200-449: The term z domu (literally meaning "of the house", de domo in Latin ) may be used, with rare exceptions, meaning the same as née . Anastasia (1956 film) Anastasia received two nominations at the 29th Academy Awards , with Bergman winning the Academy Award for Best Actress . At the 14th Golden Globe Awards , Bergman and Hayes both received nominations for Best Actress in

1240-652: The use of her home, Pretty Penny, for a dinner to launch the hospital's endowment fund. Hayes died on March 17, 1993, of congestive heart failure in Nyack, New York . Hayes's friend Lillian Gish , the "First Lady of American Cinema", was the designated beneficiary of her estate, but Gish had died only 18 days earlier. Hayes was interred in Oak Hill Cemetery in Nyack and was survived by her son, James Gordon MacArthur, and four grandchildren: Charles P. MacArthur, Mary McClure, Juliette Rappaport, and James D. MacArthur. In 2011, she

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1280-569: Was also a comeback for Helen Hayes . She had suspended her career for several years due to the death of her daughter, Mary, and her husband's failing health. The film was shot on location in Copenhagen, London and Paris. Studio interiors were shot at MGM-British Studios at Borehamwood , England . The Alexander Nevsky Russian Orthodox Cathedral in Paris, which was a center of worship for Russian aristocrats and other émigrés from St. Petersburg in

1320-746: Was also on the board of directors for the Greater New York Council of the Girl Scouts of the USA during the early 1970s. In 1982, Hayes dedicated Riverside's The Shakespeare Center with New York theatre producer, Joseph Papp , and in 1985 she returned to the New York stage in a benefit for the company with a reading of A Christmas Carol with Raul Julia , Len Cariou , Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio , Carole Shelley , Celeste Holm and Harold Scott , directed by W. Stuart McDowell. The next year Hayes performed

1360-709: Was an aspiring actress who worked in touring companies. Her father, Francis van Arnum Brown, worked at a number of jobs, including as a clerk at the Washington Patent Office and as a manager and salesman for a wholesale butcher. Hayes's Catholic maternal grandparents emigrated from Ireland during the Great Famine . Hayes attended Dominican Academy 's prestigious primary school, on Manhattan's Upper East Side, from 1910 to 1912, appearing there in The Old Dutch , Little Lord Fauntleroy , and other performances. She attended

1400-537: Was awarded the National Medal of Arts . The annual Helen Hayes Awards , which have recognized excellence in professional theatre in greater Washington, D.C., since 1984, are her namesake. In 1955, the former Fulton Theatre on 46th Street in New York City's Theatre District was renamed the Helen Hayes Theatre. When that venue was torn down in 1982, the nearby Little Theatre was renamed in her honor. Helen Hayes

1440-501: Was considered a comeback—she had suspended her career for several years due to her daughter Mary's death and her husband's failing health. In 1955, the Fulton Theatre was renamed for her. In the 1980s, business interests wished to raze that theatre and four others to construct a large hotel that included the Marquis Theatre . Hayes's consent to raze the theatre named for her was sought and given, though she had no ownership interest in

1480-571: Was frightened, which the Dowager Empress says that Anastasia also did when she was a young girl. The gradual realization that Anna is the Grand Duchess is through Bounine's growing feelings for her. The film was partially meant to mark Bergman's return to Hollywood after several years of working in Italy with her husband, Roberto Rossellini . Their marriage had caused a scandal , as he divorced his then current wife, Marcella DeMarchis, to be with her and Bergman had become pregnant with his child . The film

1520-754: Was honored with a US postage stamp. Hayes was in the inaugural class of inductees to the American Theater Hall of Fame in 1972. In 1972, she received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement . The following year, in 1973, Hayes was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame . In 1979, the Supersisters trading card set was produced and distributed; one of the cards featured Hayes's name and picture. In 1983, Hayes received

1560-405: Was hospitalized a number of times for asthma , which was aggravated by stage dust, forcing her to retire from theater in 1971, at age 71. Her last Broadway show was a 1970 revival of Harvey , in which she co-starred with James Stewart . Clive Barnes wrote, "She epitomizes flustered charm almost as if it were a style of acting ... She is one of those actors ... where to watch how she

1600-834: Was the first-ever recipient of the Sarah Siddons Award for her work in Chicago theatre , repeating as the winner in 1969. She returned to Hollywood in the 1950s, and her film star began to rise. She starred in My Son John (1952) and Anastasia (1956), and won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as an elderly stowaway in the disaster film Airport (1970). She followed that up with several roles in Disney films such as Herbie Rides Again , One of Our Dinosaurs Is Missing and Candleshoe . Her performance in Anastasia

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