Headbanging is the act of violently shaking one's head in rhythm with music. It is common in rock , punk , heavy metal music and dubstep , where headbanging is often used by musicians on stage. Headbanging is also common in traditional Islamic Sufi music traditions such as Qawwali in the Indian subcontinent and Iran .
123-615: Headbanging has been common in Islamic devotional Sufi music traditions dating back centuries, such as the Indian subcontinent 's 600-year-old Qawwali tradition, and among dervishes in Iran 's Kurdistan Province . Qawwali performances, particularly at Sufi shrines in the Indian subcontinent, usually in honour of Allah , Islamic prophets , or Sufi saints , often have performers and spectators induced into
246-538: A "cyclical patterns of strong and weak beats". Although there are a wide variety of opinions on the permissibility of musical instruments, those who produce Islamic music with instruments often feature the following instruments: Traditional: Strictly speaking, the words 'Islamic religious music' present a contradiction in terms. The practice of orthodox Sunni and Shi'a Islam does not involve any activity recognized within Muslim cultures as 'music'. The melodious recitation of
369-579: A 12-foot (3.7 m) flame during "Fade to Black". Newsted said Hetfield's skin was "bubbling like on The Toxic Avenger ". Metallica returned to the stage 17 days later with guitar technician and Metal Church member John Marshall replacing Hetfield on guitar for the remainder of the tour, although Hetfield was able to sing. Later in 1993, Metallica went on the Nowhere Else to Roam Tour, playing five shows in Mexico City . Live Shit: Binge & Purge ,
492-533: A 1985 interview with Metal Forces , Mustaine said, "It's real funny how Kirk Hammett ripped off every lead break I'd played on that No Life 'til Leather tape and got voted No. 1 guitarist in your magazine." On Megadeth's debut album, Killing Is My Business... and Business Is Good! (1985), Mustaine included the song "Mechanix", which Metallica had previously reworked and retitled "The Four Horsemen" on Kill 'Em All . Mustaine said he did this to "straighten Metallica up" because Metallica referred to Mustaine as
615-426: A band, Ulrich asked Metal Blade Records founder Brian Slagel if he could record a song for the label's upcoming compilation album, Metal Massacre . Slagel accepted, and Ulrich recruited Hetfield to sing and play rhythm guitar. The band was officially formed on October 28, 1981, five months after Ulrich and Hetfield first met. The band name came from Ulrich's friend Ron Quintana, who was brainstorming names for
738-474: A bunch of balls in the air for 2011, but I think the main one is we really want to get back to writing again. We haven't really written since, what, '06, '07, and we want to get back to kind of just being creative again. Right now we are going to just chill out and then probably start up again in, I'd say, March or April, and start probably putting the creative cap back on and start writing some songs." On November 9, 2010, Metallica announced it would be headlining
861-516: A dance marathon concluded that the activity is associated with pain in varying parts of the body, most notably the neck, where it manifests as whiplash . Islamic music Islamic music may refer to religious music, as performed in Islamic public services or private devotions, or more generally to musical traditions of the Muslim world. The heartland of Islam is the Middle East , North Africa ,
984-637: A double album of cover songs, titled Garage Inc. The first disc contained newly recorded covers of songs by Diamond Head , Killing Joke , the Misfits , Thin Lizzy , Mercyful Fate , Black Sabbath and others, and the second disc featured the original version of The $ 5.98 E.P. – Garage Days Re-Revisited , which had become a scarce collectors' item. The album entered the Billboard 200 at number two. On April 21 and 22, 1999, Metallica recorded two performances with
1107-484: A drunk and said he could not play guitar. Because of conflicts with its record label and the distributors' refusal to release an album titled Metal Up Your Ass , the album was renamed Kill 'Em All . It was released on Megaforce Records in the U.S. and on Music for Nations in Europe, and peaked at number 155 on the Billboard 200 in 1986. Although the album was not initially a financial success, it earned Metallica
1230-453: A fanzine and was considering MetalMania or Metallica . After hearing the two names, Ulrich wanted the latter for his band, so he suggested Quintana use MetalMania instead. Dave Mustaine replied to an advertisement for a lead guitarist; Ulrich and Hetfield recruited him after seeing his expensive guitar equipment. In early 1982, Metallica recorded its first original song, "Hit the Lights", for
1353-481: A great coach, a team keeps losing. You have to get new blood in there." In December 2006, Metallica released a DVD titled The Videos 1989–2004 , which sold 28,000 copies in its first week and entered the Billboard Top Videos chart at number three. Metallica recorded a guitar-based interpretation of Ennio Morricone 's " The Ecstasy of Gold " for a tribute album titled We All Love Ennio Morricone , which
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#17328590788201476-802: A growing fan base in the underground metal scene. To support the release, Metallica embarked on the Kill 'Em All for One tour with Raven . In February 1984, Metallica supported Venom on the Seven Dates of Hell tour, during which the bands performed in front of 7,000 people at the Aardschok Festival in Zwolle , Netherlands. Metallica recorded its second studio album, Ride the Lightning , at Sweet Silence Studios in Copenhagen , Denmark, from February to March 1984. It
1599-680: A mixture of blood and urine. Reload , too, debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and reached number two on the Top Canadian Album chart. Hetfield said in the 2004 documentary film Metallica: Some Kind of Monster that the band initially thought some of the songs on these albums were of average quality; these were "polished and reworked" until judged releasable. To promote Reload , Metallica performed " Fuel " and " The Memory Remains " with Marianne Faithfull on NBC 's Saturday Night Live in December 1997. In 1998, Metallica compiled
1722-481: A monotone of mid-level, processed rattle; the drums don't propel as much as struggle to disguise an all-too-turgid pace; and the rage is both unfocused and leavened with too much narcissistic navel-gazing". Brent DiCrescenzo of Pitchfork described it as "an utter mess". However, Blender magazine called it the "grimiest and grimmest of the band's Bob Rock productions", and New York Magazine called it "utterly raw and rocking". The title track, " St. Anger ", won
1845-519: A more mainstream audience, achieving substantial commercial success and selling more than 16 million copies in the United States to date, making it the best-selling album of the SoundScan era. After experimenting with different genres and directions in subsequent releases, Metallica returned to its thrash metal roots with its ninth album, Death Magnetic (2008), which drew similar praise to that of
1968-447: A performance of her song "Primitive" when she headbanged into a chair on stage. In 2009, Slayer bassist/vocalist Tom Araya began experiencing spinal problems due to his aggressive form of headbanging, and had to undergo anterior cervical discectomy and fusion . After recuperating from the surgery, he can no longer headbang. In 2011, Megadeth guitarist Dave Mustaine said that his neck and spine condition, known as spinal stenosis ,
2091-555: A record store in France began selling copies of Death Magnetic nearly two weeks before its scheduled worldwide release date, which resulted in the album being made available on peer-to-peer clients. This prompted the band's UK distributor Vertigo Records to officially release the album on September 10, 2008. Rumors of Metallica or Warner Bros. taking legal action against the French retailer were unconfirmed, though drummer Lars Ulrich responded to
2214-456: A short tour, Escape from the Studio '95, which comprised three outdoor shows, including a headline show at Donington Park supported by Slayer , Skid Row , Slash's Snakepit , Therapy? and Corrosion of Conformity . The band spent about a year writing and recording new songs, resulting in the release of Load in 1996. Load debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and ARIA Charts ; it
2337-531: A show at the West Hollywood nightclub Whisky a Go Go , which featured bassist Cliff Burton in the band Trauma . The two were "blown away" by Burton's use of a wah-wah pedal and asked him to join Metallica. Hetfield and Mustaine wanted McGovney to leave because they thought he "didn't contribute anything, he just followed." Although Burton initially declined the offer, by the end of the year, he had accepted on
2460-674: A show in Oakland, California , at the Day on the Green festival, the band played to a crowd of 60,000. Metallica's third studio album, Master of Puppets , was recorded at Sweet Silence Studios from September to December 1985 and released in March 1986. The album reached number 29 on the Billboard 200 and spent 72 weeks on the chart. It was the band's first album to be certified Gold on November 4, 1986, and
2583-474: A statement to the Senate Judiciary Committee regarding copyright infringement on July 11, 2000. Federal Judge Marilyn Hall Patel ordered the site to place a filter on the program within 72 hours or be shut down. A settlement between Metallica and Napster was reached when German media conglomerate Bertelsmann BMG showed interest in purchasing the rights to Napster for $ 94 million. Under
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#17328590788202706-513: A therapist to help solve their problems which he felt they could have solved on their own was "really fucking lame and weak". In June 2003, Metallica's eighth studio album, St. Anger , debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, and drew mixed reactions from critics. Ulrich's "steely" sounding snare drum and the absence of guitar solos received particular criticism. Kevin Forest Moreau of Shakingthrough.net said, "the guitars stumble in
2829-593: A three-song set. Hetfield later performed " Stone Cold Crazy " with the remaining members of Queen and Tony Iommi . On August 8, 1992, during the co-headlining Guns N' Roses/Metallica Stadium Tour at the Olympic Stadium in Montreal , Hetfield suffered second- and third-degree burns to his arms, face, hands and legs. There had been some confusion with the new pyrotechnics setup, which resulted in Hetfield walking into
2952-433: A trance-like state and headbanging in a manner similar to metal and rock concerts . A popular song often performed by Sufis and fakirs in the Indian subcontinent is the 600-year-old " Dama Dam Mast Qalandar " (in honour of 13th-century Sufi saint Lal Shahbaz Qalandar ), which often has performers and spectators rapidly headbanging to the beats of naukat drum sounds. The most well-known Qawwali performer in modern times
3075-491: Is bardic singing. The music of the Muslim countries of South Asia ( Afghanistan , Bangladesh , Maldives and Pakistan ) as well as countries with sizeable Muslim minorities ( India , Nepal and Sri Lanka ) merged Middle Eastern genres with indigenous classical musical modes, and is generally distinct in style and orchestration, yet due to the strong links encountered between the Middle-East, Central Asia, and South Asia, it
3198-774: Is closer to Middle-Eastern styles than those of the periphery of the Islamic world, which tend to be purely indigenous. Muslim-majority Indonesia has been significantly less influenced by Middle Eastern traditions than South Asia . As a result, many local musical styles predate the coming of Islam, although exceptions include Malay Zapin and Joget , and the Indonesian Gambus (derived from Qanbus ), all of which show strong Middle Eastern influence. There are also local music genres in Muslim-majority regions in Southeast Asia that are influenced by Arabian traditions, such as
3321-794: Is historically disputed, and with the advent of a whole new generation of Muslim musicians who try to blend their work and faith, the issue "has taken on extra significance". Islamic art and music flourished during the Islamic Golden Age . Notable Sufi singers include: Noted composers: Metallica Metallica is an American heavy metal band. It was formed in 1981 in Los Angeles by vocalist and guitarist James Hetfield and drummer Lars Ulrich , and has been based in San Francisco for most of its career. The band's fast tempos, instrumentals and aggressive musicianship made them one of
3444-454: Is late Pakistani singer Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan , whose performances often induced trance-like headbanging experiences in the late 20th century. Khan's popularity in the Indian subcontinent led to the emergence of fusion genres such as Sufi rock and techno qawwali in South Asian popular music ( Pakistani pop , Indi-pop , Bollywood music and British-Asian music ) in the 1990s which combine
3567-520: The Billboard 200 . Metallica ranks as one of the most commercially successful bands of all time , having sold more than 125 million albums worldwide as of 2018 . Metallica has been listed as one of the greatest artists of all time by magazines such as Rolling Stone , which ranked the band in 61st place on its list of 100 greatest artists of all time . As of 2017 , Metallica is the third-best-selling music artist since Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales in 1991, selling 58 million albums in
3690-447: The 2000 MTV Video Music Awards , Ulrich appeared with host Marlon Wayans in a skit that criticized the idea of using Napster to share music. Wayans played a college student listening to Metallica's "I Disappear". Ulrich walked in and asked for an explanation, and he responded to Wayans' excuse that using Napster was just "sharing" by saying that Wayans' idea of sharing was "borrowing things that were not yours without asking." He called in
3813-521: The Billboard 200 album chart for three consecutive weeks. Metallica was one of two artists whose album—the other being Jack Johnson 's album Sleep Through the Static —remained on the Billboard 200 for three consecutive weeks at number one in 2008. Death Magnetic also remained at number one on Billboard 's Hard Rock, Modern Rock/Alternative and Rock album charts for five consecutive weeks. The album reached number one in 32 countries outside
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3936-595: The Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance in 2004; it was used as the official theme song for WWE 's SummerSlam 2003 . For the duration of St. Anger ' s recording period, producer Bob Rock played bass on the album and in several live shows at which Metallica performed during that time. Once the record was completed, the band started to hold auditions for Newsted's permanent replacement. Bassists Pepper Keenan , Jeordie White , Scott Reeder , Eric Avery , Danny Lohner , and Chris Wyse —among others—auditioned for
4059-600: The Horn of Africa , Balkans , and West Africa , Iran , Central Asia , and South Asia . Due to Islam being a multi-ethnic religion, the musical expression of its adherents is vastly diverse. Indigenous traditions of various part have influenced the musical styles popular among Muslims today. The word "music" in Arabic, the language of Islam, ( mūsīqā موسيقى ) is defined more narrowly than in English or some other languages, and "its concept"
4182-633: The Islamic period, under the Umayyads and Abbasids. The Berber and Arabic speaking countries of Central and Western North Africa, such as Morocco, Algeria, Libya and Tunisia, share some musical traditions with Egypt and the Arabic-speaking countries of the Middle East. Popular modern styles of music such as Raï and Chaabi originated in Berber countries. In addition, West African influences can be heard in
4305-734: The Metal Massacre I compilation. Hetfield sang and played both bass and rhythm guitar, while Lars Ulrich played drums and Lloyd Grant was credited with a guitar solo. Metal Massacre I was released on June 14, 1982; early pressings listed the band incorrectly as "Mettallica", angering the band. The song generated word of mouth , and the band played its first live performance on March 14, 1982, at Radio City in Anaheim, California , with newly recruited bassist Ron McGovney . Their first live success came early; they were chosen to open for British heavy metal band Saxon at one gig of their 1982 U.S. tour. This
4428-682: The Rock in Rio festival in Rio de Janeiro on September 25, 2011. On December 13, 2010, the band announced it would again play as part of the "big four" during the Sonisphere Festival at Knebworth House , Hertfordshire, on July 8, 2011. It was the first time all of the "big four" members played on the same stage in the UK. On December 17, 2010, Another "big four" Sonisphere performance that would take place in France on July 9
4551-560: The San Francisco Symphony , which was conducted by Michael Kamen , who had previously worked with producer Rock on " Nothing Else Matters ". Kamen approached Metallica in 1991 with the idea of pairing the band's music with a symphony orchestra. Kamen and his staff of over 100 composed additional orchestral material for Metallica songs. Metallica wrote two new Kamen-scored songs for the event: " No Leaf Clover " and "-Human". The audio recording and concert footage were released in 1999 as
4674-525: The daff . Singing moral songs of this type without instrumentation is considered permissible ( halal ) by many Muslims. Sufi worship services are often called dhikr or zikr. See that article for further elaboration. The dhikr of South Asian Muslims is "quietist". The Sufi services best known in the West are the chanting and rhythmic dancing of the whirling dervishes or Mevlevi Sufis of Turkey. However, Sufis may also perform devotional songs in public, for
4797-456: The leak by saying, "...We're ten days from release. I mean, from here, we're golden. If this thing leaks all over the world today or tomorrow, happy days. Happy days. Trust me", and, "By 2008 standards, that's a victory. If you'd told me six months ago that our record wouldn't leak until 10 days out, I would have signed up for that." Death Magnetic marked a return to the band's traditional thrash metal sound. The album debuted at number one in
4920-574: The tagonian of the Sundanese people and glipang of the people of Probolinggo The music of South East Asia's Muslim-majority regions is more closely related to the musical genres of South East and East Asia . Gong chime ensembles such as Gamelan and Kulintang existed in the region before the arrival of Islam, and musical theory and method owe more to heavy Chinese influence, as well as Hindu – Buddhist principles, than to Arabic musical philosophy. Variations of one of two main scales prevail in
5043-457: The "new art" of classical Islamic music, or adopted it but also kept native music forms which were "alien" to classical Islamic music. In general, the farther from the area between the Nile and Persia one travels, "the less one finds undiluted Islamic music." All of these regions were connected by trade long before the Islamic conquests of the 7th century, and it is likely that musical styles travelled
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5166-473: The 1988 Elektra reissue of Kill 'Em All . Metallica embarked on its first major European tour with Tank to an average crowd of 1,300. Returning to the U.S., it embarked on a co-headlining tour with W.A.S.P. and support from Armored Saint . Metallica played its largest show at the Monsters of Rock festival at Donington Park , England, on August 17, 1985, with Bon Jovi and Ratt , playing to 70,000 people. At
5289-619: The Burton family's blessings, the band sought a replacement. Roughly 40 people – including Hammett's childhood friend, Les Claypool of Primus ; Troy Gregory of Prong ; and Jason Newsted , formerly of Flotsam and Jetsam – auditioned for the band to fill Burton's spot. Newsted learned Metallica's entire setlist; after the audition, Metallica invited him to Tommy's Joynt in San Francisco. Hetfield, Ulrich and Hammett decided on Newsted as Burton's replacement; his first live performance with Metallica
5412-469: The DVD. The film, titled Quebec Magnetic , was released in the U.S. on December 10, 2012. In an interview with Classic Rock on January 8, 2013, Ulrich said regarding the band's upcoming album, "What we're doing now certainly sounds like a continuation [of Death Magnetic ]". He also said, "I love Rick [Rubin]. We all love Rick. We're in touch with Rick constantly. We'll see where it goes. It would stun me if
5535-506: The European leg of Metallica's Damage, Inc. Tour , members drew cards to determine which bunks on the tour bus they would sleep in. Burton won and chose to sleep in Hammett's bunk. At around sunrise near Dörarp , Sweden, the bus driver lost control and skidded, which caused the bus to overturn several times. Ulrich, Hammett and Hetfield sustained no serious injuries; however, Burton was pinned under
5658-709: The Fillmore in San Francisco in December 2011. The shows were exclusive to Met Club members and tickets were charged at $ 6 each or $ 19.81 for all four nights. The shows consisted of songs from the band's career and featured guest appearances by artists who had either helped or had influenced Metallica. These shows were notable because Lloyd Grant, Dave Mustaine, Jason Newsted, Glenn Danzig , Ozzy Osbourne, Jerry Cantrell , Apocalyptica , members of Diamond Head, and King Diamond joined Metallica on stage for all appropriate songs. In December 2011, Metallica began releasing songs that were written for Death Magnetic but were not included on
5781-471: The Holy Qur'an and the call to prayer are central to Islam, but generic terms for music have never been applied to them. Instead, specialist designations have been used. However, a wide variety of religious and spiritual genres that use musical instruments exists, usually performed at various public and private assemblies outside the orthodox sphere. The question of permissibility of music in Islamic jurisprudence
5904-818: The Kafi is the Pakistani singer Abida Parveen . Sufi music has developed with the times. A Pakistani Sufi rock band, Junoon , was formed in the 1990s to bring a modern twist to suit the new younger generation. The band achieved wide popularity, in Pakistan as well as in the West. According to scholar Jacob M. Landau, in Islamic music, "melodies are organized in terms of maqāmāt (singular maqām ), or "modes," characteristic melodic patterns with prescribed scales, preferential notes, typical melodic and rhythmic formulas, variety of intonations, and other conventional devices." rhythmic modes are known as īqāʿāt (singular īqāʿ ), and they have
6027-443: The Lightning on the other. In a July 2012 interview with Canadian radio station 99.3 The Fox , Ulrich said Metallica would not release its new album until at least early 2014. In November 2012, Metallica left Warner Bros. Records and launched an independent record label , Blackened Recordings , which will produce the band's future releases. The band acquired the rights to all of its studio albums, which were all reissued through
6150-528: The Marin County city of San Rafael , north of San Francisco. In March 1987, Hetfield again broke his wrist while skateboarding, forcing the band to cancel an appearance on Saturday Night Live . In August 1987, an all-covers extended play (EP), titled The $ 5.98 E.P. - Garage Days Re-Revisited , was released. The EP was recorded in an effort to use the band's newly constructed recording studio, test Newsted's talents, and to relieve grief and stress following
6273-399: The Metallica road crew, who proceeded to confiscate all of Wayans' belongings, leaving him almost naked in an empty room. Napster creator Shawn Fanning responded later in the ceremony by presenting an award wearing a Metallica shirt that read: "I borrowed this shirt from a friend. Maybe, if I like it, I'll buy one of my own." Ulrich was later booed on stage at the award show when he introduced
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#17328590788206396-539: The Never , in which the band performed live against a fictional thriller storyline. Metallica has released eleven studio albums, four live albums (including two performances with the San Francisco Symphony ), twelve video albums, one cover album, two extended plays, 37 singles and 39 music videos. The band has won ten Grammy Awards from 26 nominations and had six consecutive studio albums – from Metallica through Hardwired... to Self-Destruct (2016) – debut at number one on
6519-539: The Royal Albert Hall. Specifically during the performance of Sunshine of Your Love, front row audience members with particularly large amounts of hair are seen quickly bobbing their heads to the music in a fashion typically associated with modern headbanging. Ozzy Osbourne and Geezer Butler of Black Sabbath are among the first documented headbangers, as it is possible to see in footage of their gig in Paris, 1970. In
6642-668: The Summer Sanitarium Tour 2003 and the Madly in Anger with the World Tour , with multi-platinum rock band Godsmack in support, Metallica took a break from performing and spent most of 2005 with friends and family. The band opened for The Rolling Stones at SBC Park in San Francisco on November 13 and 15, 2005. In February 2006, Metallica announced on its official website that after 15 years, long-time producer Bob Rock would not be producing
6765-404: The U.S., including the UK, Canada, and Australia. In November 2008, Metallica's record deal with Warner Bros. ended and the band considered releasing its next album through the internet. On January 14, 2009, it was announced that Metallica would be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on April 4, 2009, and that former bassist Jason Newsted—who left the band in 2001—would perform with
6888-451: The U.S., selling 490,000 units; Metallica became the first band to have five consecutive studio albums debut at number one in the history of the Billboard 200. A week after its release, Death Magnetic remained at number one on the Billboard 200 and the European album chart; it also became the fastest selling album of 2008 in Australia. Death Magnetic remained at number one on
7011-419: The United States. Metallica was formed in Los Angeles in late 1981 when Danish drummer Lars Ulrich placed an advertisement in a Los Angeles newspaper, The Recycler , which read, "Drummer looking for other metal musicians to jam with Tygers of Pan Tang , Diamond Head and Iron Maiden ." Guitarists James Hetfield and Hugh Tanner of Leather Charm answered the advertisement. Although he had not formed
7134-409: The acclaimed 2004 documentary film Metallica: Some Kind of Monster , which documented the troubled production of the band's eighth album, St. Anger (2003), and the internal struggles within the band at the time. In 2009, Metallica was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . The band co-wrote the screenplay for and starred alongside Dane DeHaan in the 2013 concert film Metallica: Through
7257-533: The album and concert film S&M . It entered the Billboard 200 at number two and the Australian ARIA charts and Top Internet Albums chart at number one. In 2000, Metallica discovered that a demo of its song " I Disappear ", which was supposed to be released in combination with the Mission: Impossible II soundtrack , was receiving radio airplay. Tracing the source of the leak, the band found
7380-642: The album online. On December 13, 2011, the band released Beyond Magnetic , a digital EP release exclusively on iTunes . It was released on CD in January 2012. On February 7, 2012, Metallica announced that it would start a new music festival called Orion Music + More , which took place on June 23 and 24, 2012, in Atlantic City. Metallica also confirmed that it would headline the festival on both days and would perform two of its most critically acclaimed albums in their entirety: The Black Album on one night, and Ride
7503-692: The album, called the Wherever We May Roam Tour , lasted 14 months and included dates in the U.S., Japan and the U.K. In September 1991, 1.6 million rock music fans converged in Moscow to enjoy the first open-air rock concert to be held in the Soviet Union ; it was part of the Monsters of Rock series. However, in a June 2020 interview, Lars estimated the attendance at about a half million during their time slot. In April 1992, Metallica appeared at The Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert and performed
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#17328590788207626-434: The alternative rock festival Lollapalooza festival in mid-1996. During early production of the album, the band had recorded enough material to fill a double album. It was decided that half of the songs were to be released; the band would continue to work on the remaining songs and release them the following year. This resulted in follow-up album, titled Reload . The cover art was again created by Serrano, this time using
7749-436: The band AC/DC . Early televised performances in the 1950s of Jerry Lee Lewis depict young male fans who had grown their hair in the fashion of Lewis, where his front locks would fall in front of his face. Lewis would continuously flip his hair back away from his face, prompting the fans to mimic the movement in rapid repetition in a fashion resembling headbanging. At least one parrot, a cockatoo named Snowball , developed
7872-532: The band at the ceremony. Initially, it was announced that the matter had been discussed and that bassist Trujillo had agreed not to play because he "wanted to see the Black Album band". However, during the band's set of "Master of Puppets" and "Enter Sandman", both Trujillo and Newsted were on stage. Ray Burton, father of the late Cliff Burton, accepted the honor on his behalf. Although he was not to be inducted with them, Metallica invited Dave Mustaine to take part in
7995-408: The band's earlier albums. The band's eleventh and most recent album, 72 Seasons , was released in 2023. In 2000, Metallica led the case against the peer-to-peer file sharing service Napster , in which the band and several other artists filed lawsuits against the service for sharing their copyright-protected material without consent, eventually reaching a settlement. Metallica was the subject of
8118-469: The band's first box set, was released in November 1993. The collection contains three live CDs, three home videos, and a book filled with riders and letters. After almost three years of touring to promote Metallica , including a headlining performance at Woodstock '94 , Metallica returned to the studio to write and record its sixth studio album. The band went on a brief hiatus in the summer of 1995 and played
8241-408: The band's next studio album. Instead, the band chose to work with producer Rick Rubin . Around the same time, a petition signed by 1,500 fans was posted online in an attempt to encourage the band to prohibit Rock from producing Metallica albums, saying he had too much influence on the band's sound and musical direction. Rock said the petition hurt his children's feelings; he said, "sometimes, even with
8364-443: The band. Metallica first found commercial success with the release of its third album, Master of Puppets (1986), which is cited as one of the heaviest metal albums and the band's best work. The band's next album, ...And Justice for All (1988), gave Metallica its first Grammy Award nomination. Its fifth album, Metallica (1991), was a turning point for the band that saw them transition from their thrash roots; it appealed to
8487-436: The brain and damage to the arteries in the neck which supply the brain. More specifically, cases with damage to the basilar artery , the carotid artery and the vertebral artery have been reported. Several case reports also associated headbanging with subdural hematoma , sometimes fatal, and mediastinal emphysema similar to shaken baby syndrome . An observational study comparing headbanging to non-headbanging teenagers in
8610-537: The bus and died. Hetfield said: I saw the bus lying right on him. I saw his legs sticking out. I freaked. The bus driver, I recall, was trying to yank the blanket out from under him to use for other people. I just went, "Don't fucking do that!" I already wanted to kill the [bus driver]. I don't know if he was drunk or if he hit some ice. All I knew was, he was driving and Cliff wasn't alive anymore. Burton's death left Metallica's future in doubt. The three remaining members decided Burton would want them to carry on, and with
8733-566: The condition that the band move to El Cerrito in the San Francisco Bay Area . Metallica's first live performance with Burton was at the nightclub The Stone in March 1983, and the first recording to feature Burton was the Megaforce demo (1983). Metallica was ready to record their debut album, but when Metal Blade was unable to cover the cost, they began looking for other options. Concert promoter Jonathan "Jonny Z" Zazula , who had heard
8856-468: The death of Burton. A video titled Cliff 'Em All commemorating Burton's three years in Metallica was released in 1987; the video included bass solos, home videos and pictures. Metallica's first studio album since Burton's death, ...And Justice for All , was recorded from January to May 1988 and released in September. The album was a commercial success, reaching number 6 on the Billboard 200, and
8979-410: The demo No Life 'til Leather (1982), offered to broker a record deal between Metallica and New York City –based record labels. After those record labels showed no interest, Zazula borrowed enough money to cover the recording budget and signed Metallica to his own label, Megaforce Records . In May 1983, Metallica traveled to Rochester, New York , to record its debut album, Metal Up Your Ass , which
9102-428: The early 1970s, Status Quo was one of the first hard rock bands to headbang on stage. Lemmy from Motörhead , however, said in an interview on the documentary The Decline of Western Civilization II: The Metal Years , that the term "Headbanger" may have originated in the band's name, as in "Motorheadbanger". The practice itself and its association with the rock genre was popularized by guitarist Angus Young of
9225-612: The enjoyment and edification of listeners. The mood is religious, but the gathering is not a worship service. In Turkey, once the seat of the Ottoman Empire and the Caliphate, concerts of sacred song are called " Mehfil-e-Sama' " (or "gathering of Sama' "). Song forms include ilahi and nefe. In South Asia, especially Bangladesh, Pakistan and India, a widely known style of Sufi music is qawwali . A traditional qawwali programme would include: Shi'a qawwali performances typically follow
9348-551: The file on the Napster peer-to-peer file-sharing network and also found that the band's entire catalogue was freely available. Metallica filed a lawsuit at the U.S. District Court , Central District of California , alleging that Napster violated three areas of the law: copyright infringement , unlawful use of digital audio interface device and the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO). Ulrich provided
9471-441: The final musical act, Blink-182 . Newsted left Metallica on January 17, 2001, just as plans were being made to enter the recording studio. He said he left the band for "private and personal reasons, and the physical damage I have done to myself over the years while playing the music that I love." During a Playboy interview with Metallica, Newsted said he wanted to release an album with his side project , Echobrain . Hetfield
9594-571: The first row were banging their heads against the stage in rhythm with the music. Furthermore, concert footage of Led Zeppelin performing at the Royal Albert Hall January 9, 1970, on the Led Zeppelin DVD released in 2003, the front row can be seen headbanging throughout the performance. However, an instance of headbanging prior to the alleged coining of the term can be seen during Cream's Farewell Concert in November 1968, also at
9717-430: The founding "big four" bands of thrash metal , alongside Megadeth , Anthrax and Slayer . Metallica's current lineup comprises founding members and primary songwriters Hetfield and Ulrich, longtime lead guitarist Kirk Hammett and bassist Robert Trujillo . Guitarist Dave Mustaine , who formed Megadeth after being fired from Metallica, and bassists Ron McGovney , Cliff Burton and Jason Newsted are former members of
9840-572: The habit of headbanging to music, causing something of an Internet sensation. Scientists were intrigued, as untrained dancing among animals is rare. In the mid-1980s Metallica bassist Cliff Burton complained repeatedly about neck pain associated with his almost constant and heavy headbanging during concerts or even rehearsals. In 2005, Evanescence guitarist Terry Balsamo incurred a stroke which doctors postulated may have been caused by frequent headbanging. In 2007, Irish singer and former Moloko vocalist Róisín Murphy suffered an eye injury during
9963-448: The hospital after having an anxiety seizure and was unable to perform. Hetfield searched for last-minute volunteers to replace Ulrich. Slayer drummer Dave Lombardo and Slipknot drummer Joey Jordison volunteered. Lombardo performed "Battery" and "The Four Horsemen", Ulrich's drum technician Flemming Larsen performed "Fade to Black", and Jordison performed the remainder of the set. Having toured for two years in support of St. Anger on
10086-657: The induction ceremony. Mustaine declined because of his touring commitments in Europe. Metallica, Slayer, Megadeth, and Anthrax performed on the same bill for the first time on June 16, 2010, at Warsaw Babice Airport , Poland, as a part of the Sonisphere Festival series. The show in Sofia, Bulgaria, on June 22, 2010, was broadcast via satellite to cinemas. The bands also played concerts in Bucharest on June 26, 2010, and Istanbul on June 27, 2010. On June 28, 2010, Death Magnetic
10209-491: The most popular videos on MTV in the last 25 years. In October 1990, Metallica entered One on One Recording's studio in North Hollywood to record its next album. Bob Rock , who had worked with Aerosmith , The Cult , Bon Jovi and Mötley Crüe , was hired as the producer. Metallica – also known as The Black Album – was remixed three times, cost US$ 1 million, and ended Hammett and Ulrich's marriages. Although
10332-528: The naat with a manqabat in praise of Ali, and sometimes a marsiya , a lamentation over the death of much of Ali's family at the Battle of Karbala . The most well-known qawwali singer in modern times is Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan . Another traditional South Asian genre of Sufi music is the Kafi , which is more meditative and involves solo singing as opposed to the ensemble form seen in qawwali. The most widely known exponent of
10455-417: The new Best Hard Rock/Metal Performance Vocal or Instrument category. Metallica was the favorite to win, but the award was given to Jethro Tull for the album Crest of a Knave . The award was controversial with fans and the press; Metallica was standing off-stage waiting to receive the award after performing the song " One ". Jethro Tull had been advised by its manager not to attend the ceremony because he
10578-513: The new label. Blackened releases were licensed through Warner subsidiary Rhino Entertainment in North America and internationally through Universal Music . On September 20, 2012, Metallica announced via its official website that a new DVD containing footage of shows it performed in Quebec in 2009 would be released that December; fans would get the chance to vote for two setlists that would appear on
10701-422: The performance, signed Metallica to Elektra and made the band a client of Q-Prime Management. Metallica's growing success was such that the band's British label, Music for Nations, released " Creeping Death " as a limited-edition single, which sold 40,000 copies as an import in the U.S. Two of the three songs on the record – cover versions of Diamond Head's " Am I Evil? " and Blitzkrieg 's "Blitzkrieg" – appeared on
10824-437: The popular music of Gnawa . Most Somali music is based on the pentatonic scale . That is, the songs only use five pitches per octave in contrast to a heptatonic (seven note) scale such as the major scale . At first listen, Somali music might be mistaken for the sounds of nearby regions such as Ethiopia , Sudan or Eritrea , but it is ultimately recognizable by its own unique tunes and styles. Somali songs are usually
10947-687: The product of collaboration between lyricists ( midho ), songwriters ( lahan ), and singers (' odka or "voice"). Instruments prominently featured in Somali music include the kaban ( oud ). Islam is the largest and oldest organized religion in this region, although indigenous Sahelian and Saharan styles and genres are more prominent than those influenced by Middle-Eastern theory. West African musical genres are more varied, and tend to incorporate both native and Berber influences, rather than those of Arab origin. A long history of court griot music based on historical accounts and praise-singing exists in
11070-610: The question of whether music is permitted in Islamic jurisprudence is disputed. Regardless, Islamic art and music flourished during the Islamic Golden Age . Islamic music is also credited with influencing European and Western music; for example, French musicologist Baron Rodolphe d'Erlanger in his assessment of the Abbasid Caliphate in Islamic history credits Abu Nasr Muhammad al-Farabi 's Kitabu l'musiqi al-kabir ("The Great Book of Music") with this influence. According to scholar Jacob M. Landau, "a fusion of musical styles"
11193-400: The recording process of the band's next studio album. Over two years they recorded more than 1,000 hours of footage. On July 19, 2001, before preparations to enter the recording studio, Hetfield entered rehab to treat his "alcoholism and other addictions". All recording plans were put on hold and the band's future was in doubt. Hetfield left rehab on December 4, 2001, and the band returned to
11316-498: The recording studio on April 12, 2002. Hetfield was required to limit his work to four hours a day between noon and 4 pm, and to spend the rest of his time with his family. The footage recorded by Berlinger and Sinofsky was compiled into the documentary Metallica: Some Kind of Monster , which premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in January 2004. In the documentary, Newsted said his former bandmates' decision to hire
11439-455: The region among different ensembles: slendro and pelog (both of which originated in Java ). In Java, use of the gamelan for Islamic devotional music was encouraged by the Muslim saint Sunan Kalijogo . Nasheeds are moral, religious recitations recited in various melodies by some Muslims of today without any musical instruments. However, some nasheed groups use percussion instruments, such as
11562-569: The region. Wind and string instruments, such as the Kora harp, xalam lute, or Tambin flute (similar to the ney ) are generally preferred to percussion , although percussion instruments such as the talking drum and djembe are also widely played among Muslim populations Many of the countries in Central Asia such as Uzbekistan , Tajikistan and Turkmenistan have been heavily influenced by Turkic and Persian culture. Bowed instruments are common, as
11685-492: The release was delayed until 1991, Metallica debuted at number one in 10 countries, selling 650,000 units in the U.S. during its first week. The album brought Metallica mainstream attention; it has been certified 16 times Platinum in the U.S., which makes it the 25th-best-selling album in the country. The making of Metallica and the following tour was documented in A Year and a Half in the Life of Metallica . The tour in support of
11808-471: The rights to the film. The remixed video was submitted to MTV with an alternative, performance-only version that was held back in case MTV banned the remixed version. MTV accepted the remixed version; the video was viewers' first exposure to Metallica. In 1999, it was voted number 38 in MTV's "Top 100 Videos of All Time" countdown and was featured on the network's 25th-anniversary edition of ADD Video , which showcased
11931-458: The role. After three months of auditions, Robert Trujillo , formerly of Suicidal Tendencies and Ozzy Osbourne's band, was chosen as the new bassist. Newsted, who had joined Canadian thrash metal band Voivod by that time, was Trujillo's replacement in Osbourne's band during the 2003 Ozzfest tour, which included Voivod. Before the band's set at the 2004 Download Festival , Ulrich was rushed to
12054-471: The same routes as trade goods. However, lacking recordings, we can only speculate as to the pre-Islamic music of these areas. Islam must have had a great influence on music, as it united vast areas under the first caliphs, and facilitated trade between distant lands. Certainly, the Sufis , brotherhoods of Muslim mystics , spread their music far and wide. Khaliji music has roots going back more than 1,000 years, to
12177-459: The studio and writing new material. He said, "The writing process for the new Metallica album has begun. We've been in the studio with Rick Rubin, working on a couple of things, and we're going to be recording during the most of next year." Metallica was due to make its first appearance in India at the "India Rocks" concert, supporting the 2011 Indian Grand Prix . However, the concert was canceled when
12300-421: The support act was Anthrax's original lineup, which included Dan Lilker and Neil Turbin . This was the first time the two bands performed live together. Mustaine, who went on to form Megadeth , has expressed his dislike for Hammett in interviews, saying Hammett "stole" his job. Mustaine was "pissed off" because he believes Hammett became popular by playing guitar leads that Mustaine had actually written. In
12423-404: The terms of settlement, Napster agreed to block users who shared music by artists who do not want their music shared. On June 3, 2002, Napster filed for Chapter 11 protection under U.S. bankruptcy laws. On September 3, 2002, an American bankruptcy judge blocked the sale of Napster to Bertelsmann and forced Napster to liquidate its assets, according to Chapter 7 of the U.S. bankruptcy laws. At
12546-508: The traditional trance-like zikr headbanging of Qawwali with elements of modern rock, techno or dance music , which has occasionally been met with criticism and controversy from traditional Sufi and Qawwali circles. The origin of the term "headbanging" is contested. It is possible that the term "headbanger" was coined during Led Zeppelin 's first US tour in 1969. During a show at the Boston Tea Party concert venue, audience members in
12669-584: The venue was proven to be unsafe. Fans raided the stage during the event and the organizers were later arrested for fraud. Metallica made its Indian debut in Bangalore on October 30, 2011. On November 10, it was announced that Metallica would headline the main stage on Saturday June 9, 2012, at the Download Festival at Donington Park and that the band would play The Black Album in its entirety. Metallica celebrated its 30th anniversary by playing four shows at
12792-479: Was Metallica's second gig. Metallica recorded its first demo, Power Metal , whose name was inspired by Quintana's early business cards, in early 1982. The term " thrash metal " was coined in February 1984 by Kerrang! journalist Malcolm Dome in reference to Anthrax 's song " Metal Thrashing Mad ". Prior to this, Hetfield referred to Metallica's sound as " power metal ". In late 1982, Ulrich and Hetfield attended
12915-423: Was able to develop between "pre-Islamic Arabian music" and the music of Persians, Byzantines, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Turks, Moors, because of "strong affinities between Arabic music and the music of the nations occupied by the expanding Arabic peoples". The core area where this "new art" of classical Islamic music succeeded stretched "from the Nile valley to Persia". However, many parts of the Muslim world did not adopt
13038-530: Was also the first album for me, so in a lot of ways, you're kind of testing the water. Now that we're comfortable with Rick and his incredible engineer, Greg Fidelman , who worked with Slayer, actually, on this last record—it's my hero—it's a great team. And it's only gonna better; I really believe that. So I'm super-excited." In June 2011, Rubin said Metallica had begun writing its new album. On June 15, 2011, Metallica announced that recording sessions with singer-songwriter Lou Reed had concluded. The album, which
13161-764: Was announced. On January 25, 2011, another "big four" performance on April 23, 2011, at the Empire Polo Club in Indio, California , was announced. It was the first time all of the "big four" members played on the same stage in the U.S. On February 17, 2011, a show in Gelsenkirchen , Germany, on July 2, 2011, was announced. On February 22, a "big four" show in Milan on July 6, 2011, was announced. On March 2, 2011, another "big four" concert, which took place in Gothenburg on July 3, 2011,
13284-509: Was announced. The final "big four" concert was in New York City, at Yankee Stadium, on September 14, 2011. In an interview at the April 2011 Big Four concert, Robert Trujillo said Metallica will work with Rick Rubin again as producer for the new album and were "really excited to write some new music. There's no shortage of riffage in Metallica world right now." He added, "The first album with Rick
13407-467: Was at least originally "reserved for secular art music; separate names and concepts belonged to folk songs and to religious chants". At least one scholar (Jacob M. Landau) makes the generalization about Islamic music that it "is characterized by a highly subtle organization of melody and rhythm", that "the vocal component predominates over the instrumental", and that the individual musician "is permitted, and indeed encouraged, to improvise". Historically,
13530-611: Was at the Country Club in Reseda, California . The members initiated Newsted by tricking him into eating a ball of wasabi . The band finished its tour in February 1987. After Newsted joined Metallica, the band left their El Cerrito practice space – a suburban house formerly rented by sound engineer Mark Whitaker and dubbed "the Metalli-mansion" – and relocated to the adjacent cities of Berkeley and Albany before eventually settling in
13653-471: Was caused by many years of headbanging. That same year, Stone Sour drummer Roy Mayorga suffered a stroke as a result of his frequent headbanging while drumming. The event led to him having to re-learn how to play drums. Slipknot sampler Craig Jones once suffered from whiplash after an extended case of powerful headbanging. Several case reports can be found in the medical literature which connect excessive headbanging to aneurysms and hematomas within
13776-536: Was certified double platinum by the RIAA . Metallica's World Magnetic Tour ended in Melbourne on November 21, 2010. The band had been touring for more than two years in support of Death Magnetic . To accompany the final tour dates in Australia and New Zealand, a live, limited edition EP of past performances in Australia called Six Feet Down Under was released. The EP was followed by Six Feet Down Under (Part II) , which
13899-401: Was certified six times Platinum in 2003. Steve Huey of AllMusic considered the album "the band's greatest achievement". Following the release of the album, Metallica supported Ozzy Osbourne on a U.S. tour. Hetfield broke his wrist while skateboarding; he continued with the tour, performing vocals, with guitar technician John Marshall playing rhythm guitar. On September 27, 1986, during
14022-481: Was expecting Metallica to win. The award was named in Entertainment Weekly 's "Grammy's 10 Biggest Upsets" list. Following the release of ...And Justice for All , Metallica released its debut music video for the song "One", which the band performed in an abandoned warehouse. The footage was remixed with the film Johnny Got His Gun . Rather than organize an ongoing licensing deal, Metallica purchased
14145-659: Was opposed to the idea and said, "When someone does a side project, it takes away from the strength of Metallica" and that a side project is "like cheating on your wife in a way." Newsted said Hetfield had recorded vocals for a song used in the film South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut , and appeared on two Corrosion of Conformity albums. Hetfield replied: "My name isn't on those records. And I'm not out trying to sell them" and raised questions such as, "Where would it end? Does he start touring with it? Does he sell shirts? Is it his band?" In April 2001, filmmakers Joe Berlinger and Bruce Sinofsky began following Metallica to document
14268-431: Was planning to continue touring until August 2010, and that there were no plans for a tenth album. He said he was sure the band would collaborate with producer Rick Rubin again. According to Blabbermouth.net , the band was considering recording its next album in the second half of 2011. In November 2010, during an interview with The Pulse of Radio, Ulrich said Metallica would return to writing in 2011. Ulrich said, "There's
14391-453: Was produced by Paul Curcio. The other members decided to eject Mustaine from the band because of his drug and alcohol abuse and violent behavior just before the recording sessions on April 11, 1983. Exodus guitarist Kirk Hammett replaced Mustaine the same afternoon. Metallica's first live performance with Hammett was on April 16, 1983, at a nightclub in Dover, New Jersey , called The Showplace;
14514-507: Was released in August 1984 and reached number 100 on the Billboard 200. A French printing press mistakenly printed green covers for the album, which are now considered collectors' items. Mustaine received writing credit for "Ride the Lightning" and "The Call of Ktulu". Elektra Records A&R director Michael Alago and co-founder of Q-Prime Management Cliff Burnstein attended a Metallica concert in September 1984; they were impressed with
14637-469: Was released in February 2007. The track received a Grammy nomination at the 50th Grammy Awards for the category " Best Rock Instrumental Performance ". A recording of "The Ecstasy of Gold" has been played to introduce Metallica's performances since the 1980s. Metallica scheduled the release of the album Death Magnetic as September 12, 2008, and the band filmed a music video for the album's first single, " The Day That Never Comes ". On September 2, 2008,
14760-538: Was released on November 12, 2010. Part 2 contains a further eight songs recorded during the first two Oceanic Legs of the World Magnetic Tour. On November 26, 2010, Metallica released a live EP titled Live at Grimey's , which was recorded in June 2008 at Grimey's Record Store, just before the band's appearance at Bonnaroo Music Festival that year. In a June 2009 interview with Italy's Rock TV, Ulrich said Metallica
14883-450: Was the band's first album to enter the top 10. The album was certified Platinum nine weeks after its release. There were complaints about the production, however; Steve Huey of AllMusic said Ulrich's drums were clicking more than thudding, and the guitars "buzz thinly". To promote the album, Metallica embarked on a tour called Damaged Justice . In 1989, Metallica received its first Grammy Award nomination for ...And Justice for All in
15006-422: Was the band's second number one album. The cover art, Blood and Semen III , was created by Andres Serrano , who pressed a mixture of his own semen and blood between sheets of plexiglass. The release marked another change in the band's musical direction and a new image; the band members' hair was cut. While Load was a commercial success, the band's change in style had polarized their fanbase. Metallica headlined
15129-399: Was titled Lulu , was recorded over several months and comprised ten songs based on Frank Wedekind 's "Lulu" plays Earth Spirit and Pandora's Box . The album was released on October 31, 2011. The recording of the album was problematic at times; Lars Ulrich later said Lou Reed challenged him to a "street fight". On October 16, 2011, Robert Trujillo confirmed that the band was back in
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