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24-473: The Hauge Synod (Norwegian: Hauges norsk lutherske Synode i Amerika ) was named after Norwegian revivalist lay preacher Hans Nielsen Hauge . The synod was low church , de-emphasizing formal worship and stressing personal faith in the Haugean tradition ( haugianere ). The Hauge Synod was formed in 1876 following a split with The Evangelical Lutheran Church of North America (Eielsen Synod) . The Eielsen Synod

48-538: A capitalist, and he gave away all he had founded and inspired to others – brethren and friends. During a period of extreme economic crisis, when almost all the prosperous timber barons and iron works owners went bankrupt because of the Napoleonic wars , he showed a way to prosperity for anyone with initiative, and this led to the new rise in Norwegian economics some years after national independence in 1814. In this matter Hauge

72-505: A farmer and industrialist at Bakkehaugen near Christiania (now Oslo). In 1815, he married Andrea Andersdatter, who later died in childbirth that same year. In 1817, he married Ingeborg Marie Olsdatter (1791–1872) and bought the Bredtvet farm (now the site of Bredtvet Church in Oslo), where he died. Three of his four children died in infancy. His surviving son, Andreas Hauge , became a priest in

96-428: A mystical experience that he believed called him to share the assurance of salvation with others. At the time, itinerant preaching and religious gatherings held without the supervision of a pastor were illegal, and Hauge was arrested several times. Hauge faced great personal suffering and state persecution. He was imprisoned no less than 14 times between 1794 and 1811, accused of witchcraft and adultery, and of violating

120-445: A noted Pietism revival known as the Haugean movement . Hauge is also considered to have been influential in the early industrialization of Norway. Bible Translators Theologians Hans Nielsen Hauge was born the fifth of ten children in his ancestral farm of Hauge at Rolvsøy ( Hauge på Rolvsøy ) in the county of Østfold . His father was Niels Mikkelsen Evenrød (1732–1813) and mother Maria Olsdatter Hauge (1735–1811). He had

144-419: A poor and otherwise ordinary youth until 5 April 1796, when he received his "spiritual baptism" in a field near his farm. Within two months, he had founded a revival movement in his own community, written a book, and decided to take his mission on the road. He wrote a series of books in his lifetime. In a total of 18 years, he published 33 books. Estimates are that 100,000 Norwegians read one or more of them, at

168-552: A result, he and his followers were persecuted in various ways. Hauge was imprisoned on several occasions, spending a total of nine years in prison. Over time the Haugean movement increased its influence throughout the country. Some figures might illustrate that fact. In the late eighteenth century a normal service at a church in Christiania would be attended by fewer than 20 people – of a population of nearly 10,000. Christianity in Norway

192-638: A time when the population was 900,000 more-or-less literate individuals. In the next several years, Hauge traveled – mostly by foot – throughout much of Norway. He held countless revival meetings, often after church services. In addition to his religious work, he offered practical advice, encouraging such things as settlements in Northern Norway . He and his followers were persecuted, though their teachings were in keeping with Lutheran doctrine. He began preaching about "the living faith" in Norway and Denmark after

216-668: The Bredtvet farm in Bjerke . He received private lessons in Latin from the age of seven. His father died when Andreas Hauge was nine years of age and he was raised by his step-mother. His father's many friends took care of his education. In 1829 he started his schooling at Drammen . He took examen artium in 1834 and earned a cand.theol. degree in 1839. In 1843 he started a private school in Trondhjem together with Olaus Vullum (1812–1852) and Carl P. P. Essendrop (1818– 1893), whom he had met at

240-487: The Conventicle Act of 1741 ( Konventikkelplakaten ) at a time in which Norwegians did not have the right of religious assembly without a Church of Norway minister present. The law "was not created to be used against Hauge, but it is almost only against Hauge that it was attempted to be used." His time in prison broke his health and led to his premature death. Upon his release from prison in 1811, he took up work as

264-778: The Norwegian Lutheran Church of America . That group was later renamed the Evangelical Lutheran Church and then merged into the American Lutheran Church (ALC) in 1960. The ALC later merged into the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America . Hans Nielsen Hauge Hans Nielsen Hauge (3 April 1771 – 29 March 1824) was a 19th-century Norwegian Lutheran lay minister, spiritual leader, business entrepreneur, social reformer and author. He led

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288-462: The constitutional assembly in Eidsvoll belonged to his movement. Because Hauge's preaching coincided with the years during which many Norwegians were migrating to America, the Haugean influence on Lutheranism in America has been considerable. The Lutheran Church in America had a Hauge Synod , Eielsen Synod and Lutheran Free Church all indicative of that influence. Hauge is remembered on

312-576: The Church of Norway and Member of the Norwegian Parliament . It is generally agreed that Hauge had a profound influence on both secular and religious history in Norway. Hauge's message emphasized the type of spirituality he felt originated with Martin Luther . He led charismatic meetings, and his organization became an informal network that in many ways challenged the establishment of the state church. As

336-622: The Hauge Institute focuses on the ethical dimension in three main areas: leadership, entrepreneurship, and trade and the environment. The Hauge Institute has several professional partners. Two of the most important are St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota , and the Norwegian School of Economics in Bergen, Norway . Andreas Hauge Andreas Hauge (12 December 1815 – 13 January 1892)

360-465: The liturgical calendar of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America on March 29 as one of the Renewers of the Church . The Hauge Institute ( Haugeinstituttet ) was founded in 2005. The institute seeks to raise awareness about Hauge, his ethical thinking and topicality and to impart inspiration to the business and educational community as well as society in general. Based on his thinking and practice,

384-479: The number of factories and mills that Hauge founded around the country were numerous. All but one disappeared during the industrial revolution, which in Norway took place in the mid-19th century. In 1809, the government temporarily released Hauge from prison so that he could construct salt factories to help alleviate the salt shortage caused by the British Blockade . Even so, his modesty prevented him from becoming

408-404: The parents of a sizable family, Their son Gabriel Kielland Hauge (1857–1940) was an engineer and founder of Strømmen Trævarefabrik AS. Their son Hans Nilsen Hauge (1853–1931) became a priest and politician. Their daughter Johanne Gabrielle Gustava Andrea Hauge (1851–1890) married Theodor Ording (1837–1908) and was the mother of Lutheran theologian Hans Nielsen Hauge Ording (1884–1952). Hauge

432-589: The university. He worked at another school from 1845. He was also involved in the local missionary movement. He founded the publication Norsk Missionstidende in 1845 and edited it until 1854. He was hired as secretary of the Norwegian Missionary Society in 1850. Andreas Hauge continued his career as vicar in Nord-Audnedal from 1852 and vicar in Skien from 1857. He was promoted to dean in 1868, and

456-577: Was a Norwegian priest, educator, editor and hymn writer. He also served as a representative in the Norwegian Parliament . He was born in Aker in Akershus , Norway. He was the sole surviving son of Lutheran lay minister, Hans Nielsen Hauge (1771–1824) and Andrea Andersdatter Nyhus (1784–1815). He lost his mother at only a week of age. His three siblings all died in infancy. In 1817, his father married Ingeborg Marie Olsdatter (1791–1872) and established residence at

480-462: Was but one of several contributors, but he was one of the most influential – especially so in the way he combined economics and Christian morals: modesty, honesty and hard work among them. Many Haugeans launched industrial action, such as mills, shipyards, paper mills, textile industry and printing. They had often worked their way up to prosperity in a short time, a result of Haugean focus on diligence, economic enterprise and frugality. Three members of

504-505: Was elected to the municipal council in the same year. Before this he had served one term in the Parliament of Norway , being elected from the constituency Skien in 1865. Hauge was also a hymn writer. He published Psalmer til Brug ved Missions-Sammenkomster in 1846 and 100 Missions-Psalmer in 1852. In 1863 he published Psalmebog til Kirke- og Huus-Andagt . This became a competitor of sorts of Magnus Brostrup Landstad 's hymnals, and

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528-631: Was founded in 1846 by Rev. Elling Eielsen in Jefferson Prairie Settlement , Wisconsin . Eielsen was a lay preacher and evangelist from Norway who is considered the chief transplanter of the Haugean movement from Norway to America. Red Wing Seminary was the Hauge Synod educational center located in Red Wing, Minnesota . The Hauge Synod opened the seminary in 1879, and it continued in operation until 1917. The Hauge Synod merged in 1917 into

552-477: Was nearly becoming a framework for traditions, and ethics (from a Christian perspective) and spiritual life were nearly non-existent. It is not an exaggeration to state that he revived the faith in most of Norway. Both men and women played a central role in this revival. The first female preacher of the Haugean movement was Sara Oust , who was active from the year 1799. Turning to his achievements as an industrialist,

576-417: Was officially released in 1874 as Psalmebog for Kirke og Hus . It was used by congregations until 1941, but Landstad's work prevailed in the long run. In May, 1850 he married Gabrielle Kielland (1830–1911), daughter of priest Gabriel Kirsebom Kielland (1796–1854). Her mother was author Gustava Kielland (1800–1889) who spend some of her later years living together with Hauge and his wife. They were

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